Imiphumela yetiye elwa nokuvuvukala neqeda ubuthi iqoshwe kudala njenge-Shennong herbal classic. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, abantu bakhokha kakhulu
kanye nokunaka okwengeziwe emsebenzini wokunakekelwa kwezempilo wetiye. Itiye licebile ngetiye polyphenols, itiye polysaccharides, theanine, caffeine nezinye izingxenye ezisebenzayo. Inamandla okuvimbela ukukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela, ukuvuvukala okungapheli nezinye izifo.
Izitshalo zamathumbu zibhekwa "njengesitho esibalulekile se-metabolic" kanye "nesitho se-endocrine", esakhiwe cishe ama-microorganisms angu-100trillion emathunjini. Izitshalo zamathumbu zihlobene eduze nokuvela kokukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme nezinye izifo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luye lwathola ukuthi umphumela wokunakekelwa kwezempilo oyingqayizivele wetiye ungabangelwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwetiye, izingxenye ezisebenzayo kanye nezitshalo zamathumbu. Izincwadi eziningi ziye zaqinisekisa ukuthi ama-polyphenols etiye ane-bioavailability ephansi angamuncwa futhi asetshenziswe ama-microorganisms emathunjini amakhulu, okuholela ezinzuzweni zezempilo. Nokho, indlela yokusebenzisana phakathi kwetiye nezitshalo zamathumbu ayicacile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umphumela oqondile wama-metabolites wezingxenye ezisebenzayo zetiye ngokubamba iqhaza kwama-microorganisms, noma umphumela ongaqondile wetiye okhuthaza ukukhula kwama-microorganisms athile anenzuzo emathunjini ukukhiqiza ama-metabolites anenzuzo.
Ngakho-ke, leli phepha lifingqa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwetiye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo kanye nezitshalo zamathumbu ekhaya naphesheya eminyakeni yamuva, futhi lihlanganisa indlela yokulawula "yetiye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo - izimbali zamathumbu - ama-metabolites amathumbu - impilo ephethe", ukuze hlinzeka ngemibono emisha yocwaningo lomsebenzi wezempilo wetiye kanye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo.

01
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezitshalo zamathumbu kanye ne-homeostasis yomuntu
Ngendawo efudumele nengahlukaniseki emathunjini omuntu, ama-microorganisms angakhula futhi azalane emathunjini omuntu, okuyingxenye engenakuhlukaniswa yomzimba womuntu. I-microbiota ethwalwa umzimba womuntu ingakhula ngokuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa komzimba womuntu, futhi igcine ukuzinza kwayo kwesikhashana kanye nokwehlukahlukana lapho umuntu esemdala kuze kube sekufeni.
Izitshalo zamathumbu zingaba nomthelela obalulekile ekuvikelekeni komzimba womuntu, i-metabolism kanye nesistimu yezinzwa ngokusebenzisa ama-metabolites ayo acebile, njengama-short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Emathunjini abantu abadala abanempilo, i-Bacteroidetes ne-Firmicutes yizitshalo ezivelele, ezibala ngaphezu kwe-90% yezitshalo zamathumbu eziphelele, zilandelwa yi-Actinobacteria, i-Proteobacteria, i-verrucomicrobia njalonjalo.
Ama-microorganisms ahlukahlukene emathunjini ahlangana engxenyeni ethile, akhawule futhi ancike komunye nomunye, ukuze alondoloze ibhalansi ehlobene ye-homeostasis yamathumbu. Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo, imikhuba yokudla, ama-antibiotics, i-pH yamathumbu engavamile nezinye izici zizobhubhisa ibhalansi yesimo sokuzinza kwamathumbu, kubangele ukungalingani kwezitshalo zamathumbu, futhi ngezinga elithile, kubangele ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, ukusabela kokuvuvukala, ngisho nezinye izifo ezihlobene. , njengezifo zesisu, izifo zobuchopho nokunye.
Ukudla kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu esithinta izitshalo zamathumbu. Ukudla okunempilo (okufana ne-fiber yokudla ephezulu, ama-prebiotics, njll.) kuzokhuthaza ukunothiswa kwamagciwane anenzuzo, njengokwanda kwenani le-Lactobacillus ne-Bifidobacterium ekhiqiza ama-SCFA, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzwela kwe-insulin futhi kukhuthaze impilo yabasingathi. Ukudla okungenampilo (njengoshukela ophakeme kanye nokudla okunekhalori ephezulu) kuzoshintsha ukwakheka kwezitshalo zamathumbu futhi kwandise ingxenye yamagciwane angenayo i-Gram-negative, kuyilapho amabhaktheriya amaningi e-Gram-negative azogqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwe-lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ukwandisa ukungena kwamathumbu emathunjini, futhi kuholele ekukhuluphaleni, ukuvuvukala ngisho ne-endotoxemia.
Ngakho-ke, ukudla kubaluleke kakhulu ekulondolozeni nasekulolongeni i-homeostasis yezitshalo zamathumbu osokhaya, ehlobene ngokuqondile nempilo yomphathi.

02

Ukulawulwa kwetiye kanye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo ezimbali zamathumbu
Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlanganisela ezingaphezu kuka-700 ezaziwayo etiyeni, okuhlanganisa itiye polyphenols, itiye polysaccharides, theanine, caffeine nokunye. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi itiye kanye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo zidlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zamathumbu omuntu, okuhlanganisa nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwama-probiotics afana ne-akkermansia, i-bifidobacteria ne-Roseburia, nokuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane ayingozi njenge-Enterobacteriaceae ne-Helicobacter.
1. Ukulawulwa kwetiye ezimbali zamathumbu
Kumodeli ye-colitis edalwe yi-dextran sodium sulfate, amatiye ayisithupha afakazelwe ukuthi anemiphumela ye-prebiotic, engakhuphula kakhulu ukuhlukahluka kwamathumbu emagundwaneni e-colitis, kunciphise ukuchichima kwamagciwane angaba yingozi futhi andise inala yamagciwane angaba yinzuzo.

U-Huang et al. Kutholwe ukuthi ukwelashwa kokungenelela kwetiye le-Pu'er kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu okubangelwa i-dextran sodium sulfate; Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwelashwa kokungenelela kwetiye le-Pu'er kunganciphisa ubuningi obuhlobene bamagciwane angaba yingozi i-Spirillum, i-cyanobacteria ne-Enterobacteriaceae, futhi kukhuthaze ukwanda kobuningi obuhlobene bamagciwane azuzisayo i-Ackermann, i-Lactobacillus, i-muribaculum ne-ruminococcaceae ucg-014. Ukuhlolwa kokufakelwa kwamagciwane e-fecal kwafakazela futhi ukuthi itiye le-Pu'er lingathuthukisa ukuqunjelwa kwezilonda ezibangelwa i-dextran sodium sulfate ngokuhlehlisa ukungalingani kwezitshalo zamathumbu. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungase kube ngenxa yokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-SCFAs ku-cecum yegundane kanye nokwenza kusebenze ama-receptor ngama-colonic peroxisome proliferators γ Isisho esingeziwe. Lezi zifundo zibonisa ukuthi itiye linomsebenzi we-prebiotic, futhi umsebenzi wezempilo wetiye kuthiwa okungenani ngokwengxenye ukulawulwa kwezitshalo zamathumbu.

2. Ukulawulwa kwetiye polyphenols ezimbalini zamathumbu
U-Zhu et al uthole ukuthi ukungenelela kwe-Fuzhuan Tea Polyphenol kunganciphisa kakhulu ukungalingani kwezitshalo zamathumbu emagundwaneni okubangelwa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, kwandise ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo zamathumbu, kunciphise isilinganiso se-Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes, futhi kwandise ngokuphawulekayo ukuchichima okuhlobene komgogodla othile. ama-microorganisms, okuhlanganisa i-akkermansia muciniphila, i-alloprevotella Bacteroides kanye ne-faecalis baculum, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-fecal bacteria transplantation kwafakazela ukuthi umphumela wokulahlekelwa isisindo we-Fuzhuan Tea polyphenols uhlobene ngokuqondile nezitshalo zamathumbu. Wu et al. Kufakazelwe ukuthi kumodeli ye-colitis ebangelwa i-dextran sodium sulfate, umphumela wokunciphisa we-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) ku-colitis ufinyelelwa ngokulawula ukumila kwamathumbu. I-EGCG ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo ubuningi obuhlobene be-SCFAs ekhiqiza amagciwane, njenge-Ackermann ne-Lactobacillus. Umphumela we-prebiotic wetiye polyphenols unganciphisa ukungalingani kwezitshalo zamathumbu ezibangelwa izici ezimbi. Nakuba i-taxa ethile yebhaktheriya elawulwa imithombo ehlukene yetiye polyphenols ingase yehluke, akungabazeki ukuthi umsebenzi wezempilo wetiye polyphenols uhlobene eduze nezitshalo zamathumbu.
3. Ukulawulwa kwetiye i-polysaccharide emilanjeni yamathumbu
I-polysaccharides yetiye ingakhuphula ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo zamathumbu. Kwatholakala emathunjini amagundane ayimodeli yesifo sikashukela ukuthi i-polysaccharides yetiye ingakhuphula ubuningi obuhlobene nama-SCFA akhiqiza ama-microorganisms, njenge-lachnospira, i-victivallis ne-Rossella, bese ithuthukisa i-glucose ne-lipid metabolism. Ngasikhathi sinye, kumodeli ye-colitis eyenziwe yi-dextran sodium sulfate, itiye i-polysaccharide yatholakala ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-Bacteroides, enganciphisa izinga le-LPS endle nase-plasma, ithuthukise umsebenzi wokuvinjelwa kwe-epithelial yamathumbu futhi ivimbele amathumbu kanye nesistimu. ukuvuvukala. Ngakho-ke, i-polysaccharide yetiye ingakhuthaza ukukhula kwama-microorganisms angaba yinzuzo afana nama-SCFA futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwe-LPS ekhiqiza ama-microorganisms, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka nokwakheka kwezitshalo zamathumbu nokugcina i-homeostasis yezitshalo zamathumbu omuntu.
4. Ukulawulwa kwezinye izingxenye ezisebenzayo etiyeni ezimila zamathumbu
I-tea saponin, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-tea saponin, iwuhlobo lwenhlanganisela ye-glycoside enesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esikhishwe embewini yetiye. Inesisindo samangqamuzana amakhulu, i-polarity enamandla futhi kulula ukuyincibilika emanzini. U-Li Yu nabanye baphakela amawundlu alunyuliwe nge-saponin yetiye. Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwezitshalo zamathumbu ibonise ukuthi ukuchichima okuhlobene kwamabhaktheriya anenzuzo ahlobene nokuthuthukiswa kokuvikeleka komzimba kanye nekhono lokugaya kwanda kakhulu, kuyilapho ubuningi obuhlobene bamagciwane ayingozi ahlobene kahle nokutheleleka komzimba kwehle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-tea saponin inomphumela omuhle emilanjeni yamathumbu amawundlu. Ukungenelela kwe-tea saponin kungakhuphula ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo zamathumbu, kuthuthukise i-homeostasis yamathumbu, futhi kuthuthukise ukungatheleleki kanye nekhono lokugaya umzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye eziyinhloko ezisebenzayo etiyeni zihlanganisa i-theanine ne-caffeine. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa ye-bioavailability ephezulu ye-theanine, i-caffeine nezinye izakhi ezisebenzayo, ukumuncwa sekuqediwe ngokuyisisekelo ngaphambi kokufinyelela emathunjini amakhulu, kuyilapho i-flora yamathumbu isakazwa kakhulu emathunjini amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo nezitshalo zamathumbu akucaci.

03
Itiye kanye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo zilawula izitshalo zamathumbu
Izindlela ezingenzeka ezithinta impilo yabasingathi
U-Lipinski nabanye bakholelwa ukuthi izinhlanganisela ezine-bioavailability ephansi ngokuvamile zinezici ezilandelayo: (1) isisindo samangqamuzana esihlanganisiwe > 500, logP > 5; (2) Inani - Oh noma - NH enkomponi ≥ 5; (3) Iqembu le-N noma i-O elingakha i-hydrogen bond ku-compound ≥ 10. Izingxenye eziningi ezisebenzayo etiyeni, njenge-theaflavin, i-thearubin, i-tea polysaccharide nezinye izinhlanganisela ze-macromolecular, kunzima ukumuncwa umzimba womuntu ngokuqondile. ngoba banazo zonke noma ingxenye yalezi zimpawu zesakhiwo ezingenhla.
Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi lezi zinhlanganisela zingaba izakhi zezitshalo zamathumbu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zinto ezingamuncwanga zingehliswa zibe izinto ezincane ezisebenzayo zamangqamuzana njengama-SCFA ukuze amunce umuntu futhi asetshenziswe ngokubamba iqhaza kwezitshalo zamathumbu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zinto zingaphinde zilawule izitshalo zamathumbu, zikhuthaze ukukhula kwama-microorganisms anenzuzo akhiqiza izinto ezifana nama-SCFA futhi zivimbele ukukhula kwama-microorganisms ayingozi akhiqiza izinto ezifana ne-LPS.
I-Koropatkin et al ithole ukuthi izimbali zamathumbu zingasebenzisa i-polysaccharides etiyeni zibe ama-metabolites esibili abuswa ama-SCFA ngokuwohloka okuyisisekelo kanye nokuwohloka kwesibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-polyphenols etiye emathunjini angamuncwe ngokuqondile futhi asetshenziswe umzimba womuntu ngokuvamile angashintshwa kancane kancane abe izinhlanganisela ezinamakha, ama-phenolic acid nezinye izinto ngaphansi kwesenzo sezitshalo zamathumbu, ukuze abonise umsebenzi ophezulu wokuphila ukuze amunce umuntu. kanye nokusetshenziswa.
Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwaqinisekisa ukuthi itiye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo ikakhulukazi lilawula izitshalo zamathumbu ngokugcina ukuhlukahluka kwamagciwane amathumbu, likhuthaze ukukhula kwamagciwane azuzisayo futhi livimbele amagciwane ayingozi, ukuze lilawule ama-microbial metabolites okumuncwa nokusetshenziswa komuntu, futhi linikeze ukudlala okuphelele. ukubaluleka kwezempilo kwetiye kanye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo. Kuhlanganiswe nokuhlaziywa kwezincwadi, indlela yetiye, izingxenye zayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezitshalo zamathumbu ezithinta impilo yabasingathi zingase ziboniswe ngokuyinhloko kulezi zici ezintathu ezilandelayo.
1. Itiye kanye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo - izitshalo zamathumbu - ama-SCFAs - indlela yokulawula impilo yabasingathi
Izakhi zofuzo zezitshalo zamathumbu ziphakeme izikhathi ezingu-150 kunezakhi zofuzo zomuntu. Ukuhlukahluka kofuzo kwama-microorganisms kwenza kube nama-enzyme kanye nezindlela ze-biochemical metabolic umninikhaya angenazo, futhi angafaka inombolo enkulu yama-enzyme umzimba womuntu ongenawo ukuguqula ama-polysaccharides abe yi-monosaccharides nama-SCFA.
Ama-SCFA akhiwa ukuvutshelwa nokuguqulwa kokudla okungagayekile emathunjini. I-metabolite eyinhloko yama-microorganisms ekugcineni okukude kwamathumbu, ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi i-acetic acid, i-propionic acid ne-butyric acid. Ama-SCFA athathwa njengahlobene eduze ne-glucose kanye ne-lipid metabolism, ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu, umgoqo wamathumbu, ukunyakaza kwamathumbu kanye nokusebenza komzimba. Kumodeli ye-colitis ebangelwa i-dextran sodium sulfate, itiye lingakhuphula inala ehlobene yama-SCFA akhiqiza ama-microorganisms emathunjini egundane futhi andise okuqukethwe kwe-acetic acid, i-propionic acid ne-butyric acid endle, ukuze kudambise ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu. I-Pu'er tea polysaccharide ingalawula kakhulu izitshalo zamathumbu, ikhuthaze ukukhula kwama-SCFA akhiqiza amagciwane futhi andise okuqukethwe kwama-SCFA endle yegundane. Ngokufana nama-polysaccharides, ukuthathwa kwetiye polyphenols nakho kungakhuphula ukugcwala kwama-SCFA futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula kwama-SCFA akhiqiza ama-microorganisms. Ngasikhathi sinye, u-Wang et al wathola ukuthi ukuthatha i-thearubicin kungakhuphula ukuchichima kwezitshalo zamathumbu ezikhiqiza ama-SCFA, kukhuthaze ukwakheka kwama-SCFAs kukholoni, ikakhulukazi ukwakheka kwe-butyric acid, kukhuthaze i-beige yamafutha amhlophe futhi kuthuthukise ukuvuvukala. ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi.
Ngakho-ke, itiye kanye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo zingakhuthaza ukukhula nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-SCFA akhiqiza ama-microorganisms ngokulawula izitshalo zamathumbu, ukuze kwandiswe okuqukethwe kwe-SCFAs emzimbeni futhi kudlale umsebenzi wezempilo ohambisanayo.

2. Itiye kanye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo - izimbali zamathumbu - bas - indlela yokulawula impilo yabasingathi
I-bile acid (BAS) ingolunye uhlobo lwenhlanganisela enemiphumela emihle empilweni yomuntu, ehlanganiswa ngama-hepatocyte. Ama-bile acid ayisisekelo ahlanganiswa esibindini ahlangana ne-taurine ne-glycine futhi akhishelwa emathunjini. Khona-ke uchungechunge lokusabela okufana ne-dehydroxylation, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-isomerization kanye ne-oxidation kwenzeka ngaphansi kwesenzo sezitshalo zamathumbu, futhi ekugcineni kukhiqizwa ama-bile acid esibili. Ngakho-ke, i-flora yamathumbu idlala indima ebalulekile ku-metabolism ye-bas.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko ze-BAS nazo zihlobene eduze ne-glucose kanye ne-lipid metabolism, umgoqo wamathumbu kanye nezinga lokuvuvukala. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi itiye le-Pu'er kanye ne-theabrownin kunganciphisa i-cholesterol ne-lipid ngokuvimbela amagciwane ahlobene nomsebenzi we-bile salt hydrolase (BSH) futhi akhulise izinga lama-bile acids aboshwe. Ngokuphathwa okuhlangene kwe-EGCG ne-caffeine, uZhu et al. Kutholwe ukuthi indima yetiye ekwehliseni amafutha nokuncipha kwesisindo kungenzeka kungenxa yokuthi i-EGCG ne-caffeine ingathuthukisa ukuvezwa kwe-bile saline lyase isakhi sofuzo se-BSH sezimbali zamathumbu, ikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwe-non-conjugated bile acids, iguqule i-bile acid pool, bese ivimbela ukukhuluphala. okubangelwa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi.
Ngakho-ke, itiye kanye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo kungalawula ukukhula nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-microorganisms ahlobene eduze ne-BAS metabolism, bese ishintsha i-bile acid pool emzimbeni, ukuze idlale umsebenzi wokwehlisa i-lipid nokulahlekelwa isisindo.
3. Itiye kanye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo - izimbali zamathumbu - amanye ama-metabolites amathumbu - indlela yokulawula yezempilo ephethe
I-LPS, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-endotoxin, iyingxenye engaphandle yodonga lwamaseli we-Gram-negative bacteria. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwezitshalo zamathumbu kuzodala ukulimala kwesithiyo samathumbu, i-LPS ingena ekujikelezeni komphathi, bese iholela ochungechungeni lokusabela kokuvuvukala. UZuo Gaolong et al. Kutholwe ukuthi i-Fuzhuan Tea lehlise kakhulu izinga le-serum LPS kumagundane anesifo sesibindi esinamafutha angenatshwala, futhi inani lama-bacterium e-Gram-negative emathunjini lehla kakhulu. Kwaphinde kwacatshangelwa ukuthi i-Fuzhuan Tea ingavimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane e-Gram-negative akhiqiza i-LPS emathunjini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, itiye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo lingalawula okuqukethwe kwezinhlobonhlobo zama-metabolites ezitshalo zamathumbu ngokusebenzisa izitshalo zamathumbu, njengama-saturated fatty acids, ama-branched chain amino acids, uvithamini K2 nezinye izinto, ukuze ulawule i-glucose ne-lipid metabolism. futhi uvikele amathambo.

04
Isiphetho
Njengesinye seziphuzo ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni, umsebenzi wezempilo wetiye ufundwe kabanzi kumaseli, izilwane ngisho nasemzimbeni womuntu. Esikhathini esedlule, kwakuvame ukucatshangwa ukuthi imisebenzi yezempilo yetiye ngokuyinhloko yayiyinzalo, i-anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation nokunye.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo lwezitshalo zamathumbu kancane kancane luye lwadonsa ukunakwa okubanzi. Kusukela ekuqaleni “esiphethweni se-flora yamathumbu” kuze kube manje “isifo se-intestinal flora intestinal metabolites”, siphinde sichaze ubudlelwano phakathi kwesifo nezimila zamathumbu. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, ucwaningo mayelana nokulawulwa kwetiye kanye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo ezitshalweni zamathumbu ikakhulukazi lugxile ekulawuleni ukuphazamiseka kwezitshalo zamathumbu, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamabhaktheriya anenzuzo nokuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane ayingozi, kuyilapho kukhona ukuntuleka kocwaningo mayelana namagciwane. ubudlelwano obuthile phakathi kwetiye kanye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo ezilawula izitshalo zamathumbu kanye nempilo yomsingathi.
Ngakho-ke, ngokusekelwe esifingqini esihlelekile sezifundo ezifanele zakamuva, leli phepha lakha umqondo oyinhloko "wetiye kanye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo - izitshalo zamathumbu - ama-metabolites amathumbu - impilo ye-host", ukuze kunikezwe imibono emisha yokutadisha umsebenzi wezempilo we-intestinal flora. itiye kanye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo.
Ngenxa yomshini ongacacile "wetiye kanye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo - izitshalo zamathumbu - i-metabolites yamathumbu - impilo ye-host", ithemba lokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yetiye kanye nezingxenye zalo zokusebenza njengama-prebiotics kunqunyelwe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, "impendulo yezidakamizwa ngayinye" itholakale ihlobene kakhulu nomehluko wezitshalo zamathumbu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesiphakamiso semiqondo "yomuthi onembile", "ukudla okunembayo" kanye "nokudla okunembayo", izidingo eziphakeme zibekwe phambili ukuze kucaciswe ubuhlobo phakathi "kwetiye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo - izitshalo zamathumbu - ama-metabolites emathunjini - impilo yomphathi”. Ocwaningweni oluzayo, abacwaningi kufanele baphinde bacacise ukusebenzisana phakathi kwetiye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo kanye nezitshalo zamathumbu ngosizo lwezindlela zesayensi ezithuthuke kakhulu, njengenhlanganisela yamaqembu amaningi (njenge-macrogenome ne-metabolome). Imisebenzi yezempilo yetiye kanye nezingxenye zayo ezisebenzayo kwahlolisiswa kusetshenziswa amasu okuhlukanisa kanye nokuhlanzwa kwezinhlobo zamathumbu kanye namagundane angenalutho. Nakuba indlela yetiye kanye nezingxenye zayo ezisebenzayo ezilawula izitshalo zamathumbu ezithinta impilo yabasingathi ingacacile, akungabazeki ukuthi umphumela wokulawula wetiye kanye nezingxenye zalo ezisebenzayo ezitshalweni zamathumbu uyisiphathi esibalulekile somsebenzi walo wezempilo.