Itiye elimnyama liyitiye elivutshelwe ngokuphelele, futhi ukucutshungulwa kwalo kuye kwaba nenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokusabela kwamakhemikhali, okusekelwe ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali angokwemvelo amaqabunga amasha kanye nemithetho yawo eshintshayo, ngokushintsha izimo zokusabela ukuze kwakhiwe umbala oyingqayizivele, iphunga, ukunambitheka kanye umumo wetiye elimnyama. Itiye elimnyama ngokuvamile linezici zekhwalithi "zesobho elibomvu namaqabunga abomvu".

Itiye elimnyama laseShayina lihlanganisa itiye elimnyama le-Souchong, itiye elimnyama le-Gongfu kanye netiye elimnyama eliphukile. I-Soochong black tea iyitiye elimnyama elidala kunawo wonke. Ikhiqizwa okokuqala eNtabeni iWuyi futhi ingumsunguli wamanye amatiye amnyama. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zetiye elimnyama le-Gongfu, futhi umsuka nawo uhlukile. Isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa okuyinhloko kwetiye elimnyama le-Qimen Gongfu e-Qimen County, Anhui, ne-Yunnan itiye elibomvu i-Gongfu, njll.; Itiye elimnyama eliphukile lisatshalaliswa kabanzi, ikakhulukazi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Enqubweni yokucubungula, ukusabela kwe-oxidative polymerization kukhiqiza izinto ezinemibala efana ne-theaflavin, i-thearubicins, ne-thefuscins. Lezi zinto, kanye ne-caffeine, ama-amino acids mahhala, ushukela oncibilikayo nezinye izingxenye zangaphakathi, zithinta umbala nokunambitheka kwetiye elimnyama; ngasikhathi sinye, i-glycosides I-Enzymatic hydrolysis ikhipha izinhlanganisela ze-terpene, futhi ukuwohloka kwe-oxidative yama-acid angagcwele amafutha kuthinta uhlobo olumnandi lwetiye elimnyama.

Indlela yokwenza itiye elimnyama ayinakuhlukaniswa, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula ikakhulukazi buhlanganisa izinqubo ezine zokubuna, ukugoqa, ukuvutshelwa nokomisa. Yiziphi izibopho ezenziwa yilezi zinqubo ekukhiqizeni itiye elimnyama?

1.ukubuna.

Ukubuna kuyinqubo yokuqala ekukhiqizweni kokuqala kwetiye elimnyama, futhi kuyinqubo eyisisekelo yokwakha ikhwalithi yetiye elimnyama. Ukubuna kunemiphumela emibili:

Enye iwukuhwamulisa ingxenye yamanzi, ukunciphisa ukushuba kwesimo samangqamuzana etiye, wenze iqabunga lisuke ekubeni brittle liye ethambile, kwandise ukuqina kwama-buds namaqabunga, futhi kwenze kube lula ukusonteka kube imicu.

Okwesibili kuhambisana nezinguquko kokuqukethwe yizinto. Ngenxa yokulahleka kwamanzi, ukungena kwe-membrane yeseli kuyathuthukiswa, futhi ama-enzyme ebhayoloji aqukethwe asebenza kancane kancane, okubangela uchungechunge lwezinguquko zamakhemikhali kokuqukethwe kwamathiphu etiye, ukubeka isisekelo sokwakheka kwekhwalithi ethile. umbala wetiye omnyama kanye nephunga elimnandi.

2. Hlanganisaing (Rolling)

Ukuxova (ukusika) kuyinqubo ebalulekile yetiye elimnyama le-Gongfu kanye netiye elimnyama eliphukile ukwenza isimo esihle futhi sakhe ikhwalithi yangaphakathi. Itiye elimnyama le-Gongfu lidinga ukubukeka okuqinile kanye nokunambitheka okuqinile kwangaphakathi, okuncike ezingeni lokuqina kwamaqabunga nokubhujiswa kwezicubu zamangqamuzana.

Kunemisebenzi emithathu yokugoqa:

Enye iwukubhubhisa izicubu zamangqamuzana eqabunga ngokugoqa, ukuze ijusi yetiye ichichime, isheshise i-enzymatic oxidation yama-polyphenol compounds, futhi ibeke isisekelo sokwakheka kwe-endoplasm eyingqayizivele yetiye elimnyama.

Okwesibili ukugoqa ama-blades entanjeni eqondile eqinile, ukunciphisa ukuma komzimba, nokudala ukubukeka okuhle.

Okwesithathu ukuthi ijusi yetiye iyachichima futhi inqwabelana phezu kwamapheshana amaqabunga, ancibilika kalula emanzini ngesikhathi sokuphuza, okwandisa ukugxila kwesobho letiye futhi enze ukubukeka okucwebezelayo nokunamafutha.

3. Ukuvutshelwa

Ukuvutshelwa kuyinqubo eyinhloko yokwakheka kombala wetiye elimnyama, iphunga, nezici zekhwalithi yokunambitha. Ukuvutshelwa okuhle kuphela okungakha ama-theaflavin amaningi kanye ne-thearubigen, kanye nezinto eziningi zokunambitheka nephunga.

Ukuvutshelwa kuyinqubo eqhubekayo, hhayi nje inqubo. Ukuvutshelwa bekulokhu kukhona kusukela itiye elimnyama lagoqwa futhi lomiswa. Ngokuvamile, inqubo ekhethekile yokuvutshelwa imiswa ngaphambi kokumiswa ngemva kokugoqa, ukuze itiye lifinyelele izinga elifanele kakhulu.

Lapho itiye elimnyama livutshelwa, amaqabunga etiye agxotshiwe ngokuvamile afakwa ohlakeni lokuvutshelwa noma inqola yokuvutshelwa, bese efakwa ethangini lokuvutshelwa noma ekamelweni lokuvutshelwa ukuze avutshelwe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwazalwa imishini emisha yokuvutshelwa. Ukuvutshelwa kufanele kuhlangabezane nezinga lokushisa elifanele, umswakama kanye nenani le-oxygen elidingekayo ekwenzeni i-oxidative polymerization yetiye polyphenolase.

4. Yomile.

Ukomisa kwenziwa ngokumisa, ngokuvamile kuhlukaniswe izikhathi ezimbili, okokuqala kubizwa ngokuthi umlilo wezinwele, okwesibili kubizwa ngokuthi umlilo wezinyawo. Umlilo wezinwele nezinyawo kufanele usakazwe upholile.

Ukomisa futhi kufeza izinhloso ezintathu:

Enye iwukusebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukwenza ngokushesha umsebenzi wama-enzyme, umise i-enzymatic oxidation, futhi ulungise ikhwalithi yokuvutshelwa.

Okwesibili ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, ukunciphisa izinti zetiye, ukulungisa ukuma, nokugcina izinyawo zomile, okusiza ukugcina izinga.

Okwesithathu ukukhipha iphunga elinotshani elinephuzu eliphansi lokubila, ukuqinisa futhi ugcine izinto ezinephunga elimnandi ezinephuzu eliphezulu lokubila, futhi uthole iphunga elimnandi eliyingqayizivele letiye elimnyama.