Okubizwa ngokuthi ukuxova kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla omshini ukuxova, ukukhama, ukugunda, noma ukugoqa amaqabunga abunile abe sesimweni esidingekayo setiye le-Gongfu elimnyama, noma ukuwaxova nokuwasika abe yizinhlayiyana ezidingekayo ukuze uthole itiye elibomvu eliphukile. Amaqabunga amasha aqinile futhi ayaphuka ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo zomzimba, futhi kunzima ukuwabumba ngokuqondile ngokugoqa ngaphandle kokubuna. Inqubo yokugoqa (ukusika) ingumphumela wamandla omshini, futhi uma ingalawulwa kahle, ayikwazi ukubumba amaqabunga abunile abe yisimo. Ngezansi isingeniso esifushane sethonya lokugoqa ekwakhekeni kwesimo kanye nekhwalithi yetiye elimnyama.

Izinga lokugoqa kuqala lincike ezintweni ezibonakalayo zamaqabunga, kufaka phakathi ukuthamba, ukuqina, ipulasitiki, i-viscosity, njll. Amandla okuxubha asetshenziswa emaqabunga ukuze awalolonge abe yisimo, okudinga ukuthamba okuhle kwamaqabunga abunile kanye nokuguqulwa kalula ngaphansi kokucindezeleka. ; Okwesibili, kuyadingeka ukuthi amaqabunga abunile abe nokuqina okuhle futhi angakhubaza ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngaphandle kokuphuka; Isidingo sesithathu ukuthi amaqabunga abunile ane-plasticity enhle futhi awabuyiselwa kalula esimweni sawo sokuqala ngemva kokuguqulwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma amaqabunga agoqwe ane-viscosity enhle, angathuthukisa ipulasitiki.

Rolling kanye izakhiwo ngokomzimba amaqabunga

Kunobudlelwano be-curvilinear phakathi komswakama wamaqabunga abunile kanye nezakhiwo zawo ezibonakalayo. Amaqabunga amasha anomswakama ophezulu, okubangela ukuvuvuka kwamangqamuzana, ukubola kwamaqabunga aqinile naqinile, kanye nezakhiwo ezingezinhle zomzimba njengokuthambile, ukuqina, ipulasitiki, kanye ne-viscosity. Njengoba ukuhwamuka kwamanzi amaqabunga amasha kuncipha ngesikhathi sokubuna, lezi zici ezibonakalayo ziba ngcono kancane kancane.

Lapho umswakama wamaqabunga abunile wehla ufike cishe ku-50%, izici ezibonakalayo zamaqabunga ziba ngcono kakhulu. Uma umswakama wamaqabunga abunile uqhubeka nokuncipha, izici ezibonakalayo zamaqabunga nazo zizokwehla ngokufanele. Nokho, ngenxa yenqubo engalingani yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kwamaqabunga ngesikhathi sokubuna, isiqu sinomthamo wamanzi amaningi kunamacembe, kuyilapho amathiphu namachopho amaqabunga anokuqukethwe kwamanzi aphansi kunesisekelo samaqabunga.

Ngakho-ke, ekukhiqizweni kwangempela, ukuphatha izinga lokuqukethwe komswakamo kumaqabunga abunile kungaphezu kwama-50%, futhi ngokuvamile alinganiselwa ku-60% afanelekile. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokubuna yaziwa ngokuthi "ukubuna kwamaqabunga amadala", lapho "ithenda" ibhekisela ekulawuleni umswakama wamaqabunga amadala ukuba ube ngaphezu kwamaqabunga amathenda ngesikhathi sokubuna, ukuze kube lula ukugoqa nokubunjwa.

Kukhona futhi ukuhlobana okuthile phakathi kwezinga lokushisa lamaqabunga ngesikhathi sokugoqa kanye nezakhiwo ezingokoqobo zamaqabunga. Lapho izinga lokushisa leqabunga liphezulu, ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana ezinto ezingaphakathi kuyakhululeka, futhi ukuthamba, ukuqina, kanye nepulasitiki yamaqabunga kuyathuthukiswa. Ikakhulukazi amaqabunga amadala, anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-cellulose nokuthambile okumpofu kanye ne-plasticity, izinga lokushisa leqabunga liphakeme ngokulinganayo ngesikhathi sokugoqa, okunomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zomzimba zamaqabunga amadala.

Inqubo yokugoqa amaqabunga abe yimichilo

Amaqoqo amaqabunga ahlikihlayo nokusonteka anyakaza ngokufanayo ngokuyindilinga ebhakedeni lokuxova. Ngaphansi kwesenzo esihlanganisiwe sebhakede lokuxova, ikhava yokucindezela, i-disc yokuxova, izimbambo, namandla aneziqondiso eziningi zeqoqo leqabunga ngokwalo, amaqabunga angaphakathi kweqoqo lamaqabunga acindezelwa kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, okubangela ukuthi ahlikihle futhi axove ngokulandelana kwawo. imithambo emikhulu ibe imicu eqinile, eyindilinga, futhi ebushelelezi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izicubu zeqabunga leqabunga zixutshwe futhi zichotshozwe, okwandisa ukuthambile kanye nepulasitiki yamaqabunga. Ngasikhathi sinye cindezela bese uxuba ijusi yetiye ukwandisa ukunamathela kwamaqabunga. Konke lokhu kuye kwadala izimo ezikahle zokwakheka kwamaqabunga abe yimichilo. Uma kunemibimbi namaphethini eqabungeni ngalinye, maningi amathuba okuthi ligoqwe libe yimicu eqinile.

Esigabeni sokuqala seblack tea rolling, amaqoqo amaqabunga adinga ukuthola ingcindezi, kodwa ukucindezela akufanele kube phezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yengcindezi eyeqile, amaqabunga agoqwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi ebheke phezulu ehlangothini olulodwa, futhi amaqabunga anokuqina okungenamandla ajwayele ukuphuka abe yizicucu emiphethweni. Kunzima kakhulu ukugoqa amaqabunga agoqiwe noma aphukile abe yimicu. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nesigaba sokuqala sokugoqa, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukucindezela kokukhanya. Njengoba inqubo yokugoqa iqhubeka, imibimbi namaphethini amaqabunga aqoshiwe akhula kancane kancane, ukuthamba, i-plasticity, ne-viscosity yanda, futhi umthamo uyancipha. Kuleli qophelo, kancane kancane ukwandisa ukucindezela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubangela imibimbi eminingi namaphethini emaqabunga, okwenza imivimbo emikhulu; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwandisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamaqabunga kubangela amandla ahlukene aphikisanayo asebenza ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zamaqabunga kanye nesivinini esishintshashintshayo sokunyakaza, okuholela ekukhiqizeni i-torque. Njengomphumela, umucu owugqinsi uphenduka kancane kancane ube umucu oqinile ngokusebenzisa isenzo setorque.

Ngenxa yokuthamba kanye ne-viscosity ephezulu yamaqabunga amathenda, angase angadingi ukudlula izinqubo eziningi ukuze enze imibimbi futhi angasonteka ngokuqondile abe yimichilo eqinile. Lapho intambo iqina, i-viscosity inkulu, i-friction enkulu, kanye ne-torque enkulu ekhiqizwayo. Uma ukucindezela kuqhubeka nokuxova nokusonteka, imicu yamaqabunga ingase ichithwe ngokucindezelwa. Kuleli qophelo, ukugoqa nokusonta kufanele kumiswe, futhi amaqabunga alukwe ngokuqinile kufanele ahlukaniswe kusetshenziswa indlela yokuhlukanisa nokusefa. Emaqabungeni amadala anezintambo ezimahhadlahhadla nezixegekile, umzuliswano wesibili wokugoqeka nokusonteka ungenziwa, ngomfutho okhulayo wokujwayela amaqabunga amadala anwebekayo, kuqhubeke kwakheke imibimbi, ukuwohloka, nokusonteka kube imicu eqinile.

Phakathi nenqubo yokugoqa, amaqabunga anobuhle obuhle kanye ne-viscosity ephezulu athambekele ekunamatheleni futhi kancane kancane agingqike abe yizigaxa, eziba ziqina futhi ziqine ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Lawa ma-clumps awahwamuki kalula ngesikhathi somiswa, futhi athambekele ekukhunjeni nasekuwohlokeni ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, okuthinta ikhwalithi yayo yonke inqwaba yetiye. Uma ama-clumps ehlakazeka futhi ngesikhathi somiswa, kuzokwenza izintambo ezixutshwe ngokuqinile zibe mahhadla futhi zixege noma zingabi ngesimo se-strip, kuthinte ukubukeka kwamaqabunga etiye. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokugoqa nokusonteka, inhlanganisela yokucindezela nokucindezela okuxekethile kufanele yamukelwe, okungukuthi, ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa yokucindezela, uma izigaxa zingase zakheke, ingcindezi kufanele isuswe ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kuqedwe izigaxa ezixegayo. ngaphansi komthelela wokunyakaza kwebhakede eligoqayo. Ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa yokucindezela okuxekethile, uma izinyathelo zokucindezela okuxekethile zisengakwazi ukuhlakaza ngokuphelele izigaxa, ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa nokugoqa isikhathi esithile ukuze kuqedwe izigaxa.

Izidingo zobuchwepheshe zokugingqa nokusonta

Ukwakheka kwezintambo zamaqabunga ezisontekile ngokuyinhloko kuwumphumela wesenzo esihlangene sokucindezela kanye namandla okungqubuzana. Amandla okungqubuzana abangela ukuba amaqabunga agingqike eduze komthambo oyinhloko abe yisimo esiyi-elliptical spiral, kuyilapho ukucindezela kungandisa amandla okungqubuzana futhi kusheshise inqubo yokuqinisa amaqabunga abe yimicu. Ubukhulu bengcindezi, ubude besikhathi kanye nesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nemvamisa yokusetshenziswa konke kuhlobene futhi kuncike kwelinye, futhi kufanele kunqunywe ngokusekelwe kwikhwalithi, ubuningi, kanye nomshini wokugoqa wamaqabunga.

1. Ubuchwepheshe bokucindezela

Ingcindezi ingahluka ngobukhulu. Ngokuvamile, ingcindezi inzima futhi izintambo ziboshwe ngokuqinile; Ingcindezi ilula, futhi izintambo ziwugqinsi futhi zixega. Kodwa ukucindezela kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi amaqabunga ayisicaba futhi awayindilinga, anezicucu eziningi eziphukile; Ingcindezi iphansi kakhulu, amaqabunga aminyene futhi ayaxega, futhi awakwazi ukufeza inhloso yokuxova. Amaqabunga athambile, futhi inani lamaqabunga kufanele libe lincane. Ukucindezela kufanele kube lula; Amaqabunga amadala, ngakho ukucindezela kufanele kube nzima.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingaphansi kwengcindezi encane noma enzima, ihlobene nesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwengcindezi. Isikhathi sokucindezela side kakhulu, futhi amaqabunga ahlakazekile futhi aphukile; Isikhathi sokucindezela sifushane kakhulu, futhi amaqabunga ayaxega futhi aminyene. Isikhathi sokucindezela kwamaqabunga amathenda sifushane, kuyilapho isikhathi sokucindezela amaqabunga amadala side; Amaqabunga amancane abangela isikhathi sokucindezela esifushane, kanti amaqabunga amaningi aholela esikhathini eside sokucindezela.

Ubude besikhathi se-pressurization buhlotshaniswa kabi nenani lemijikelezo yokucindezela. Imijikelezo ye-pressurization eminingi kanye nesikhathi esifushane; Ingcindezi isetshenziswa kancane futhi isikhathi eside. Inombolo yezikhathi lapho ingcindezi isetshenziswa khona ihlobene nekhwalithi kanye nenani lamaqabunga. Uma izinga leqabunga liphansi futhi ubuningi buncane, inani lezikhathi zokucindezela lincane, futhi ubude be-pressurization ngayinye bude; Amaqabunga madala ngekhwalithi futhi maningi ngobuningi, anezikhathi zokucindezela kakhulu kanye nobude obufushane isikhathi ngasinye. Inani lemijikelezo yokucindezela kufanele okungenani libe izikhathi ezimbili zokukhanya nesindayo, futhi okungenani izikhathi ezinhlanu zokukhanya, esindayo, esindayo, esindayo, nesilula.

Kunomehluko esikhathini sengcindezi phakathi kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nakamuva. Ukucindezela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kubangela amaqabunga ayisicaba futhi angewona ayisiyingi; Sekwephuze kakhulu, amaqabunga ayaxega kodwa awaqinile. Amaqabunga maningi futhi angacindezelwa kamuva; Amahlamvu madala kodwa ngamanani amancane, kuyancomeka ukuthi ufake umfutho kusenesikhathi. Ngamafuphi, ubukhulu, ubude besikhathi, kanye nemvamisa yokufakwa kwengcindezi, kanye nesikhathi sokufakwa kwengcindezi, kufanele kuhluke kuye ngekhwalithi yamaqabunga nesikhathi sokugoqa. Kalula nje, ingcindezi emaqabunga amathenda ilula, ayivamile, ihlala isikhathi esifushane, futhi ibambezelekile; I-Lao Ye iphambene.

2. Ithonyaumshini wokugoqa itiye

Isivinini somshini wokugoqa kufanele silandele isimiso sejubane eliphansi kanye nesivinini esincane. Yehlisa ijubane kuqala, ukuze ungawagoqi futhi ungawachobozi amaqabunga, noma ukhiqize ukushisa ngenxa yokuhlikihlwa okushisayo noma ukungqubuzana, okubangela ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamaqabunga likhuphuke ngokushesha kakhulu. Kamuva, kunethuba eliphezulu lokuthi i-blade igoqeke ibe yi-spiral shape, engenza i-blade igoqeke kakhulu. Ngisho noma ihamba kancane, ingakhulula amaqabunga ahlangene futhi iqhubeke ixova amaqabunga abe yindilinga futhi aqondile. Isakhiwo samathambo sepuleti lokuxova sihlobene eduze nokuxova kube yimicu. Izimbambo ezigobile eziphansi futhi ezibanzi zilungele ukuxova amaqabunga athambile futhi amasha, kuyilapho amaqabunga amadala namadala akulula ukwenza imicu lapho exova; Ithambo eliyi-angular liphakeme futhi lincane, lilungele ukuxova amaqabunga amadala namasha, kuyilapho ukuxova amaqabunga acolile kulula ukuwachoboza. Kungcono ukuba nesisetshenziswa esinyakazayo sokuxova izimbambo zomshini wokugoqa ukuze uvumelane nezidingo ezahlukene zekhwalithi yamaqabunga.

Izinto ezithinta ukugoqa nokusonteka

1. Izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama

I-Rolling ifanele izindawo ezinokushisa okuphakathi nendawo nomswakama ophezulu. Izinga lokushisa ekamelweni akufanele lidlule 25 ℃, futhi umswakama ohlobene kufanele ube ngaphezu kwama-95%. Ngenxa yokushisa okukhiqizwa ukugingqika nokungqubuzana, kanye ne-oxidation yezingxenye zangaphakathi emaqabunga, izinga lokushisa lamaqabunga aginqiwe ngokuvamile liphakeme ngo-3-9 ℃ kunezinga lokushisa legumbi. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme leqabunga liqinisa ukusabela kwe-enzymatic oxidation ye-polyphenolic compounds, okuholela ekwandeni kokwakheka kwezinto ezi-polymerized kakhulu, okunciphisa ukugxila kanye nokubabomvu kwesobho letiye, kwenza ukunambitheka kube buthaka, futhi kube mnyama ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Ezinsukwini ezishisayo zasehlobo, izinyathelo ezifana neziphuzo eziphansi kanye nesifutho sangaphakathi zingathathwa ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lokushisa le-workshop eguquguqukayo futhi kwandiswe umoya womoya.

2. Inani lokudla kwamaqabunga

Inani lokuxova kufanele lifanele. Uma amaqabunga amaningi elayishwa, amaqabunga akulula ukuphenduka futhi angase enze imicu eyisicaba, ebuye ivimbele ukuchithwa kokushisa kwamaqabunga futhi kubangele ukushisa kweqabunga ukuthi kukhuphuke ngokushesha, okuthinta izinga letiye elimnyama. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma inani lamaqabunga engeziwe lincane kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ngeke nje kube kuncane, kodwa amaqabunga agoqiwe azophinde ame epuletini lokuxova, okuholela ekuphepheni okubi kanye nokungakwazi ukuzuza umphumela omuhle wokugoqa.

3. Isikhathi sokugoqa

Ukuqala kweamaqabunga etiye eginqikaisiqalo sokuvutshelwa kwetiye elimnyama. Uma isikhathi sokugoqa siside kakhulu, ukusabela kwe-enzymatic oxidation yezinhlanganisela ze-polyphenolic kuzojula, izinga lokugcinwa kwamakhompiyutha e-polyphenolic lizoba liphansi, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-theaflavin kanye ne-thearubigins kuzoba phansi, okuholela ekunambithekeni okubuthakathaka kanye nokuntuleka kombala obomvu. esobhoni namaqabunga. Uma isikhathi sokugoqa sisifushane kakhulu, okokuqala, amaqabunga anzima ukwenza imicu, futhi okwesibili, izinga lokulimala kwezicubu zamangqamuzana amaqabunga aliphezulu, okuholela ekungeneni kwe-fermentation degree, okuholela ephunga eliluhlaza kanye ne-astringent yetiye elimnyama. , futhi phansi amaqabunga abe mnyama. Ukuze kuzuzwe izinga elihle letiye elimnyama, amaqabunga agoqwe ngokuvamile adinga ukuvutshelwa ngokuhlukana ekamelweni lokuvutshelwa amahora angu-1-2. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi uqinisekisa isivuno setiye elimnyama, isikhathi sokuvutshelwa ngesikhathi sokugoqa kufanele sincishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka.