Ezikhathini zobukhosi baseTang, uLu Yu wethula ngokuhlelekile izinhlobo eziyi-19 zamathuluzi okukha itiye lekhekhe ku-“Tea Classic”, futhi wasungula isibonelo semishini yetiye. Kusukela kwasungulwa i-People's Republic of China,ChinaUkuthuthukiswa kwemishini yetiye kunomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwengama-70. Ngokukhula kwezwe ukunaka imboni yemishini yetiye,ChinaUkucutshungulwa kwetiye ngokuyisisekelo kuzuzwe ngomshini nokuzishintshanisa, kanye nemishini yokusebenza engadini yetiye nayo ithuthuka ngokushesha.

Ukuze ufinyezeChinaimpumelelo emkhakheni wemishini yetiye futhi ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme nokunempilo kwemboni yomshini wetiye, lesi sihloko sethula ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yetiyeChinakusukela ezicini zokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yetiye, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla komshini wetiye kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bomshini wetiye, futhi kudingidwa ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yetiye eChina. Izinkinga ziyahlaziywa bese kubekwa phambili izinyathelo zokuphikisa ezihambisanayo. Okokugcina, kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthukiswe ikusasa lemishini yetiye.

 01Uhlolojikelele lwemishini yetiye yaseChina

I-China iyizwe elikhiqiza itiye elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, linezifundazwe ezingaphezu kuka-20 ezikhiqiza itiye kanye nabakhiqiza itiye abangaphezu kuka-1,000.amadolobha. Ngaphansi kwesizinda sezimboni sokucubungula itiye okuqhubekayo kanye nesidingo sezimboni sokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle, ukukhiqizwa kwetiye ngomshini kube ukuphela kwendlela yokuthuthukiswa kwetiye.Chinaimboni yetiye. Njengamanje, kunabakhiqizi bemishini yokucubungula itiye abangaphezu kuka-400China, ikakhulukazi ezifundazweni zaseZhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan naseFujian.

Ngokwenqubo yokukhiqiza, imishini yetiye ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: imishini yokusebenza engadini yetiye kanye nemishini yokucubungula itiye.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokucubungula itiye kwaqala ngawo-1950, ikakhulukazi itiye eliluhlaza kanye nemishini yokucubungula itiye elimnyama. Ngekhulu lama-21, ukucutshungulwa kwetiye eliningi eliluhlaza, itiye elimnyama kanye netiye elidume kakhulu sekusetshenziswe ngomshini. Ngokuphathelene nezigaba eziyisithupha ezinkulu zetiye, umshini oyinhloko wokucubungula itiye eliluhlaza kanye netiye elimnyama usuvuthiwe, umshini oyinhloko wokucubungula itiye le-oolong netiye elimnyama usuvuthiwe, kanti umshini oyinhloko wokucubungula itiye elimhlophe netiye eliphuzi. nayo ingaphansi kokuthuthukiswa.

Ngokuphambene, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokusebenza engadini yetiye kwaqala sekudlule isikhathi. Ngawo-1970, kwasungulwa imishini yokusebenza eyisisekelo efana namathila engadini yetiye. Kamuva, kancane kancane kwathuthukiswa eminye imishini yokulungisa imishini yokulungisa neyokukha itiye. Ngenxa yokuphathwa kokukhiqizwa ngomshini kwezingadi eziningi zetiye Okubanzi, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokusungulwa kwemishini yokuphatha ingadi yetiye akwanele, futhi kusesigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthuka.

02Isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yetiye

1. Imishini yokusebenza engadini yetiye

Imishini yokusebenza engadini yetiye ihlukaniswe yaba yimishini yokulima, imishini yokulima, imishini yokuvikela izitshalo, imishini yokuthena nokukha itiye nezinye izinhlobo.

Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950 kuze kube manje, imishini yokusebenza engadini yetiye isidlule esigabeni esifufusayo, isigaba sokuhlola kanye nesigaba sokuqala samanje sokuthuthuka. Ngaleso sikhathi, izisebenzi ze-R&D zomshini wetiye zathuthukisa kancane kancane amathila engadini yetiye, izinqamuli zezihlahla zetiye neminye imishini yokusebenza ehlangabezana nezidingo zangempela, ikakhulukazi iNanjing Agricultural Mechanisation Research Institute yoMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya yathuthukisa “umshini owodwa onezinqwaba eziningi. isebenzisa” imishini yokuphatha ingadi yetiye enemisebenzi eminingi. Imishini yokusebenza engadini yetiye inentuthuko entsha.

Njengamanje, ezinye izindawo sezifinyelele izinga lokukhiqizwa kwemishini yokusebenza kwengadi yetiye, njengeDolobha laseRizhao esiFundazweni saseShandong kanye naseSifundazweni saseWuyi esifundazweni saseZhejiang.

Kodwa-ke, ngokujwayelekile, mayelana nokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini, ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwemishini yokusebenza kusadingeka kuthuthukiswe ngokwengeziwe, futhi kunegebe elikhulu phakathi kwezinga eliphelele neJapane; mayelana nokukhuthazwa nokusetshenziswa, izinga lokusebenzisa nokuthandwa akuphezulu, Ngaphezu kwalokho90I-% yemishini yokukha itiye nezinqamuli kusengamamodeli aseJapane, futhi ukuphathwa kwezingadi zetiye kwezinye izindawo ezisezintabeni kusabuswa izisebenzi.

1. Imishini yokucubungula itiye

   ·Ubuntwana: Ngaphambi kwawo-1950

Ngalesi sikhathi, ukucutshungulwa kwetiye kwahlala esigabeni sokusebenza ngezandla, kodwa amathuluzi amaningi okwenza itiye adalwe ku-Tang and Song Dynasties abeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa okwalandela kwemishini yetiye.

· Isikhathi sokuthuthuka esisheshayo: 1950s kuya ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20

Ukusuka ekusebenzeni okwenziwa ngesandla kuye ekusebenzeni kwe-semi-manual kanye ne-semi-mechanical, ngalesi sikhathi, kuye kwasungulwa imishini eminingi eyisisekelo emele yodwa yokucubungula itiye, okwenza itiye eliluhlaza, itiye elimnyama, ikakhulukazi ukucubungula itiye okudumile kwenziwe ngomshini.

· Isikhathi sokuthuthuka esisheshisiwe: Ikhulu lama-21 ~ samanje

Kusukela kumodi encane yokucubungula imishini yokuma yodwa kuya kumthamo ophezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, imodi yomugqa wokukhiqiza ohlanzekile futhi oqhubekayo, futhi kancane kancane uqaphele "ukushintsha kwemishini".

Imishini yokuma yodwa yokucubungula itiye ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: imishini yokuqala kanye nemishini yokuhluza. imishini yokwenza itiye eyinhloko yezwe lami (green ukulungisa itiyeumshini, umshini wokugoqa, umshini wokomisa, njll.) uthuthuke ngokushesha. Imishini eminingi yetiye ikwazile ukubona ukusebenza kwepharamitha, futhi ibe nomsebenzi wokulawula izinga lokushisa nomswakama. Nokho, mayelana nekhwalithi yokucubungula itiye, izinga lokuzenzekelayo, ukonga amandla Isekhona indawo yokuthuthukiswa. Uma kuqhathaniswa,ChinaImishini yokucwenga (umshini wokuhlola, isihlukanisi somoya, njll.) ikhula kancane, kodwa ngokuthuthukiswa kokulungiswa kokucubungula, imishini enjalo ibuye ithuthukiswe ngokuqhubekayo futhi yenziwe kahle.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokuzimela yetiye kuye kwakha izimo ezivumayo zokugcwaliseka kokucubungula okuqhubekayo kwetiye, futhi kwabeka isisekelo esiqinile socwaningo nokwakhiwa kwemigqa yokukhiqiza. Njengamanje, imigqa yokukhiqiza eyisisekelo engaphezu kuka-3,000 yetiye eliluhlaza, itiye elimnyama, netiye le-oolong seyenziwe. Ngo-2016, ulayini wokukhiqiza wokucwenga nokuhlola nawo wasetshenziswa ekucwengisweni nasekucutshungulweni kwetiye eliluhlaza, itiye elimnyama kanye netiye elimnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo ngobubanzi bokusetshenziswa nokucubungula izinto zomugqa wokukhiqiza nalo lucwengisiswe kakhulu. Isibonelo, ngo-2020, ulayini wokukhiqiza ojwayelekile wasungulwa wetiye eliluhlaza elimise okuyisicaba elimaphakathi nelisezingeni eliphezulu, elixazulule ngempumelelo izinkinga zemigqa yangaphambilini yokukhiqiza itiye emise okwesicaba. nezinye izindaba zekhwalithi.

Eminye imishini yetiye ezimele yodwa ayinayo imisebenzi eqhubekayo yokusebenza (njengemishini yokuxova) noma ukusebenza kwayo akukavuthwa ngokwanele (njengemishini yokugxusha itiye eliphuzi), okuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokuzenzakalela kwemigqa yokukhiqiza ngokwezinga elithile. Ukwengeza, nakuba kunemishini yokuhlola ku-inthanethi enokuqukethwe kwamanzi aphansi, ayizange isetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme, futhi izinga lemikhiqizo yetiye elicutshungulwayo lisadinga ukwahlulelwa ngokuhlangenwe nakho okwenziwa ngesandla. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa komugqa wamanje wokukhiqiza itiye kungenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa akukafinyeleli ubuhlakani bangempela.okwamanje.

03ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emishini yetiye

Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwemishini yetiye akunakuhlukaniswa nokunikezwa kwamandla. Amandla emishini yetiye ahlukaniswe amandla endabuko ensalela kanye namandla ahlanzekile, phakathi kwawo amandla ahlanzekile ahlanganisa ugesi, igesi ye-petroleum ewuketshezi, igesi yemvelo, i-biomass fuel, njll.

Ngaphansi komkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwamafutha ashisayo ahlanzekile nokonga amandla, amafutha e-biomass pellet enziwe nge-sawdust, amagatsha ehlathi, utshani, utshani bukakolweni, njll. ziye zaziswa kakhulu yimboni, futhi seziqalile ukuthandwa kakhulu ngenxa yazo. izindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza kanye nemithombo ebanzi. Ziyanda ezisetshenziswa ekucubunguleni itiye.

 In ngokuvamile, imithombo yokushisa efana nogesi negesi iphephe kakhudlwana futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, futhi ayidingi ezinye izinto ezisizayo. Ziyimithombo yamandla ejwayelekile yokucubungula itiye ngomshini kanye nokusebenza komugqa wokuhlanganisa.

Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okushisisa izinkuni zokubasa nokosa amalahle kungasebenzi kahle futhi akunandaba nemvelo, kungahlangabezana nokuphishekela kwabantu umbala oyingqayizivele kanye nephunga elimnandi letiye, ngakho zisasetshenziswa namanje.

Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngokusekelwe emcabangweni wokuthuthuka wokonga ugesi, ukunciphisa ukungcola kanye nokunciphisa amandla, kube nenqubekelaphambili enkulu ekubuyiseni amandla nasekusetshenzisweni kwemishini yetiye.

Isibonelo, i-6CH series chain plate dryer isebenzisa isishintshi sokushisa segobolondo neshubhu ukuthola ukushisa kwemfucumfucu yegesi ephumayo, engakhuphula izinga lokushisa lokuqala lomoya ngo-20~25℃, okuxazulula ngobuchule inkinga yokusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhulu. ; umshini wokuhlanganisa nokulungisa umshini wokushisa oshisa kakhulu usetshenziswa Ithuluzi lokutakula endaweni ephuma eqabungeni lomshini wokulungisa libuyisela isitimu esigcwele ngomfutho womoya, bese liyisiza futhi ukwenza isitimu esishise kakhulu kanye komoya oshisayo onezinga eliphezulu, obuyiselwa eqabungeni. i-inlet yomshini wokulungisa ukubuyisela amandla okushisa, angonga cishe u-20% wamandla. Kungaqinisekisa futhi izinga letiye.

04 Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bomshini wetiye

Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yetiye akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphela, kodwa futhi kuqinise ngokungaqondile noma kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yetiye. Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe ngokuvamile kungaletha intuthuko yezindlela ezimbili ekusebenzeni kwemishini nokusebenza kahle kwetiye, futhi imibono yalo yocwaningo nentuthuko inezici ezimbili.

①Ngokusekelwe kumgomo wokusebenza, ukwakheka okuyisisekelo komshini wetiye kuyathuthukiswa, futhi nokusebenza kwawo kuba ngcono kakhulu. Isibonelo, mayelana nokucutshungulwa kwetiye elimnyama, saklama izingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana nesakhiwo sokuvutshelwa, idivaysi yokuphenduka kanye nezingxenye zokushisisa, futhi sakha umshini wokuvubela ozenzakalelayo odidiyelwe kanye nomshini wokuvutshelwa owenziwe ngeso lengqondo onomoya-mpilo, owaxazulula izinkinga zezinga lokushisa elingazinzile kanye umswakama, ubunzima bokuphenduka kanye nokuntuleka komoyampilo. , ukuvutshelwa okungalingani nezinye izinkinga.

②Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha, ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokuhlaziya insimbi nokutholwa, ubuchwepheshe be-chip nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu nobusha ekwenziweni komshini wetiye ukuze wenze ukusebenza kwawo kulawuleke futhi kubonakale, futhi kancane kancane ubone ukuzenzela kanye nobuhlakani bemishini yetiye. Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi ukusungulwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwemishini yetiye, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yamaqabunga etiye, futhi kukhuthaze ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yetiye.

1.Ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha

Ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha benza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo, okuzenzakalelayo nokukhaliphile kwemishini yetiye kwenzeke.

Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bezithombe zekhompyutha, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula, ubuchwepheshe bedijithali, njll. busetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekwakhiweni kwemishini yetiye, futhi bathola imiphumela emihle.

Ngokusebenzisa ukutholwa kwezithombe kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula idatha, umumo wangempela, umbala kanye nesisindo setiye kungahlaziywa ngokwenani futhi kuhlelwe ngokwezinga; usebenzisa isistimu yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, umshini omusha wokushisa itiye wokushisa ngemisebe ungafinyelela izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu lamaqabunga aluhlaza kanye nomswakama ngaphakathi kwebhokisi. Ukutholwa ku-inthanethi kwesikhathi sangempela seziteshi eziningi kwamapharamitha ahlukahlukene, okunciphisa ukuncika kokwenziwa mathupha;Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokulawulwa kwe-logical logic (PLC), bese bushiswa amandla kagesi, ukubona i-fiber optical iqoqa ulwazi lokuvutshelwa, umshini wokuvutshelwa uguqulela amasignali edijithali, futhi izinqubo ze-microprocessor, zibale futhi zihlaziye, ukuze idivayisi yokupakisha ikwazi ukuqedela ukunqwabelanisa amasampula etiye elimnyama azohlolwa. Ngokusebenzisa isilawuli esizenzakalelayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzelana kwekhompyutha yomuntu, umshini wokugoqa we-TC-6CR-50 CNC ungalawula ngobuhlakani ingcindezi, isivinini kanye nesikhathi sokubona ipharamitha yenqubo yokwenza itiye; usebenzisa inzwa yokushisa ngesikhathi sangempela sokuqapha ubuchwepheshe, itiye lingahlelwa ngokuqhubekayo Iyunithi ilungisa izinga lokushisa ebhodweni njengoba kudingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi itiye ebhodweni lishiswa ngokulinganayo futhi linekhwalithi efanayo.

2.Ukuhlaziywa kwezinsimbi zesimanje kanye nobuchwepheshe bokubona

Ukufezeka kokuzenzakalela kwemishini yetiye kuncike kubuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha, futhi ukuqapha isimo nemingcele yokucubungula itiye kudinga ukuncika ekuhlaziyeni nasekutholeni ubuchwepheshe bezinsimbi zesimanje. Ngokuhlanganiswa kolwazi lwezinzwa olunemithombo eminingi lwamathuluzi okutholwa, ukuhlolwa kwedijithali okuphelele kwezici zekhwalithi njengombala, iphunga, ukunambitheka kanye nokuma kwetiye kungabonakala, futhi ukuzenzekelayo kweqiniso nokuthuthukiswa okukhaliphile kwemboni yetiye kungabonakala.

Njengamanje, lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswe ngempumelelo ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemishini yetiye, okuvumela ukutholwa kwe-inthanethi nokubandlululwa enqubweni yokucubungula itiye, futhi izinga letiye liyalawuleka. Isibonelo, indlela yokuhlola ephelele yezinga “lokuvutshelwa” kwetiye elimnyama elisungulwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-spectroscopy obuseduze ne-infrared obuhlanganiswe nohlelo lokubona lwekhompyutha lungaqeda ukwahlulela kungakapheli iminithi elingu-1, elivumela ukulawula amaphuzu abalulekile obuchwepheshe obumnyama. ukucubungula itiye; ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bamakhala be-elekthronikhi ukuze kutholwe iphunga elimnandi ngesikhathi sokutshala Ukuqapha amasampula okuqhubekayo, bese kusekelwe endleleni kaFisher yokubandlulula, imodeli yokucwasa isimo setiye ingakhiwa ukuze kuqashelwe ukuqapha ku-inthanethi nokulawula izinga letiye eliluhlaza; ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-imaging obuyi-infrared kanye ne-hyperspectral ehlangene nezindlela zokumodela ezingezona eziqondile zingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa okuhlakaniphile kwetiye eliluhlaza Nikeza isisekelo se-theoretical kanye nokusekelwa kwedatha.

Inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe bokubona insimbi nokuhlaziya nobunye ubuchwepheshe nayo iye yasetshenziswa emkhakheni wemishini yokucubungula itiye. Isibonelo, i-Anhui Jiexun Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. isungule isihlungi sombala wetiye esihlakaniphile. Isihlungi sombala sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlaziya i-spectral obuhlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe beso lokhozi, ikhamera yobuchwepheshe bamafu, ukutholwa kwezithombe zamafu nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula nobunye ubuchwepheshe. Ingakwazi ukubona ukungcola okuncane okungeke kubonakale ngabahluzi bemibala abajwayelekile, futhi ingahlukanisa kahle usayizi womcu, ubude, ukujiya kanye nokuthamba kwamahlamvu etiye. Lesi sihlungi sombala esihlakaniphile asisetshenziswa kuphela emkhakheni wetiye, kodwa futhi ekukhetheni okusanhlamvu, imbewu, amaminerali, njll., ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi jikelele nokubukeka kwezinto eziningi.

3.Obunye ubuchwepheshe

Ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha kanye nobuchwepheshe besimanje bokutholwa kwezinsimbi, IOUbuchwepheshe be-T, ubuchwepheshe be-AI, ubuchwepheshe be-chip kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe buhlanganisiwe futhi busetshenziswa ezixhumanisini ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokuphathwa kwengadi yetiye, ukucubungula itiye, ukuhlelwa kwempahla kanye nokugcinwa kwempahla, okwenza ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yetiye nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yetiye kusheshe. Thatha ileveli entsha.

Emsebenzini wokuphathwa kwengadi yetiye, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-IoT njengezinzwa namanethiwekhi angenawaya kungabona ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela ingadi yetiye, okwenza inqubo yokusebenza kwengadi yetiye ihlakaniphe futhi isebenze kahle.Isibonelo, izinzwa ezingaphambili (iqabunga). inzwa yokushisa, inzwa yokukhula kwesiqu, inzwa yokuswakama kwenhlabathi, njll.) ingadlulisela ngokuzenzakalelayo idatha yenhlabathi yengadi yetiye nezimo zezulu ohlelweni lokutholwa kwedatha, futhi i-PC terminal ingakwazi ukuphatha, ukunisela okunembayo kanye ukuvundiswa noma nini nanoma kuphi nge-APP yeselula, ukuze kuqashelwe ukuphathwa okuhlakaniphile kwezingadi zetiye. Ukusebenzisa izithombe ezizwelayo zendawo enkulu ezikude zezimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqapha ividiyo obungaphazanyiswa phansi, idatha enkulu ingaqoqwa ukuze uthole ulwazi lokukhula komshini- kukhethwe izihlahla zetiye, bese kuthi isikhathi esifanelekile sokukha, isivuno kanye nesikhathi sokukha ngomshini somjikelezo ngamunye singabikezelwa ngosizo lokuhlaziya nokumodela. ikhwalithi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle kokukha itiye ngomshini.

Enqubweni yokucubungula nokukhiqizwa kwetiye, ubuchwepheshe be-AI busetshenziselwa ukusungula umugqa wokukhiqiza ukungcola okuzenzakalelayo. Ngokuhlola okubonwayo okuthuthuke kakhulu, ukungcola okuhlukahlukene kwetiye kungabonakala, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphakelwa, ukudlulisa, ukuthwebula izithombe, ukuhlaziya, ukukha, ukuhlola kabusha, njll. kungaqedwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ukuqoqwa kanye nezinye izinqubo zokubona ukuzenzela kanye nobuhlakani bomugqa wokukhiqiza wetiye wokucwenga nokucubungula. Ekuphatheni nasekugcineni impahla, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-radio frequency identification (RFID) bungabona ukuxhumana kwedatha phakathi kwabafundi namalebula omkhiqizo, futhi kulandelelwe imininingwane yokukhiqiza itiye ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphathwa kwe-supply chain..

Ngenxa yalokho, ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene buye bakhuthaza ngokuhlanganyela ukwaziswa nokuthuthukiswa okuhlakaniphile kwemboni yetiye mayelana nokutshala, ukutshala, ukukhiqizwa nokucubungula, ukugcinwa nokuthuthwa kwetiye.

05Izinkinga Namathemba Ekuthuthukisweni Kwemishini Yetiye e-China

Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa tea mechanization inChinawenze inqubekelaphambili enkulu, kusenegebe elikhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lokusebenzisa imishini embonini yokudla. Izinyathelo zokuphikisa ezihambisanayo kufanele zithathwe kusenesikhathi ukuze kusheshiswe ukuthuthukiswa nokuguqulwa kwemboni yetiye.

1.izinkinga

 Nakuba ukuqwashisa kwabantu ngokuphathwa ngemishini kwezingadi zetiye nokucutshungulwa kwetiye ngomshini kuyanda, kanti ezinye izindawo zetiye nazo zisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lokusebenzisa imishini, ngokwemizamo yocwaningo jikelele kanye nesimo sokuthuthukiswa, kusenezinkinga ezilandelayo:

(1) Izinga eliphelele lemishini yetiye kuChinaiphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ulayini wokukhiqiza ozenzakalelayo awukaqapheli ngokugcwele ubuhlakaniokwamanje.

(2) Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa komshini wetiyeryayilingani, futhi iningi lemishini yokucwenga inezinga eliphansi lokuqamba izinto ezintsha.

(3)Ingqikithi yobuchwepheshe bomshini wetiye ayiphezulu, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kuphansi.

(4)Imishini eminingi yetiye ayinakho ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, futhi izinga lokuhlanganisa ne-agronomy aliphezulu

(5)Ukusetshenziswa okuxubile kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezintsha nezindala kudala izingozi ezingaba khona zokuphepha futhi sintula imikhuba namazinga ahambisanayo.

2.izizathu kanyeizinyathelo zokuphikisa

Kusukela ocwaningweni lwezincwadi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesimo samanje semboni yomshini wetiye, izizathu eziyinhloko yilezi:

(1) Imboni yemishini yetiye isesimweni sokuhlehla, futhi ukwesekwa kombuso kwemboni kusadinga ukuqiniswa.

(2) Umncintiswano emakethe yomshini wetiye awuhlelekile, futhi ukwakhiwa kokumiswa kwemishini yetiye kusalele emuva

(3) Ukusatshalaliswa kwezingadi zetiye kuhlakazekile, futhi izinga lokukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwemishini esebenzayo aliphezulu.

(4) Amabhizinisi akhiqiza umshini wetiye mancane ngesilinganiso futhi abuthakathaka emandleni amasha okuthuthukisa umkhiqizo

(5) Ukushoda kwabasebenzi bomshini wetiye abangochwepheshe, abakwazi ukudlala ngokugcwele umsebenzi wemishini.

3.Ithemba

Njengamanje, ukucutshungulwa kwetiye kwezwe lami sekuzuze imishini, imishini yomshini owodwa ijwayele ukusebenza kahle, ukonga amandla kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo, imigqa yokukhiqiza iyathuthuka ngendlela eqhubekayo, ezenzakalelayo, ehlanzekile futhi ehlakaniphile, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengadi yetiye. imishini yokusebenza nayo iyathuthuka. Ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu nobusha obufana nobuchwepheshe besimanje kanye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi busetshenziswe kancane kancane kuzo zonke izici zokucubungula itiye, futhi inkulu inqubekelaphambili eyenziwe. Ngokugcizelela kwezwe embonini yetiye, ukwethulwa kwezinqubomgomo ezikhethwayo ezahlukahlukene njengokuxhaswa komshini wetiye, kanye nokukhula kwethimba locwaningo lwesayensi lomshini wetiye, imishini yetiye yesikhathi esizayo iyobona intuthuko yobuhlakani bangempela, kanye nenkathi “yokufakwa esikhundleni komshini. ” iseduze!