Njengoba iminyaka yokutshala ingadi yetiye nendawo yokutshala ikhula,imishini yengadi yetiyeukudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekutshaleni itiye. Inkinga ye-acidification yenhlabathi ezingadini zetiye isiphenduke isizinda socwaningo emkhakheni wekhwalithi yemvelo yomhlabathi. Uhla lwe-pH lomhlabathi olulungele ukukhula kwezihlahla zetiye luyi-4.0 ~ 6.5. Indawo ephansi kakhulu ye-pH izovimbela ukukhula kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi yetiye, ithinte ukuvunda kwenhlabathi, inciphise isivuno setiye nekhwalithi, futhi isongele kakhulu imvelo yemvelo yemvelo kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezingadi zetiye. Sethula indlela yokubuyisela izingadi zetiye kulezi zici ezilandelayo

1Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhemikhali

Uma i-pH yenhlabathi ingaphansi kuka-4, kunconywa ukuthi ucabange ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zamakhemikhali ukuthuthukisa inhlabathi. Njengamanje, i-dolomite powder isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwandisa inhlabathi pH. I-Dolomite powder ikakhulukazi yakhiwa i-calcium carbonate ne-magnesium carbonate. Ngemva kokusebenzisa aumshini wokulima wepulaziukukhulula inhlabathi, ufafaze i-powder yamatshe ngokulinganayo. Ngemva kokufakwa emhlabathini, i-carbonate ions isabela ngamakhemikhali nama-ion ane-acidic, okwenza izinto ezine-asidi zidliwe kanye nenhlabathi ye-pH yanda. Ukwengeza, inani elikhulu le-calcium ne-magnesium ion lingakhuphula amandla okushintshaniswa kwe-cation yomhlabathi futhi kunciphise ngokuphawulekayo okuqukethwe kwe-aluminiyamu eshintshwayo enhlabathini. Uma inani lokufakwa kwempushana ye-dolomite lingaphezu kuka-1500 kg/hm², inkinga yokwenziwa kwe-asidi yomhlabathi ezingadini zetiye iba ngcono kakhulu.

2Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziphilayo

I-Biochar izotholwa ngokomisa izihlahla zetiye ezisikwe nge-umshini wokuthena itiyekanye nokuwashisa nokuwaqhekeka ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme. Njengesilungiseleli senhlabathi esikhethekile, i-biochar inamaqembu amaningi asebenzayo aqukethe umoya-mpilo endaweni yayo, iningi lawo ane-alkaline. Ingathuthukisa i-acidity kanye ne-alkalinity yenhlabathi yepulazi, ikhulise amandla okushintshanisa i-cation, inciphise okuqukethwe kwama-asidi ashintshayo, futhi ithuthukise ikhono lomhlabathi lokugcina amanzi nomanyolo. I-Biochar futhi inothile ngezakhi zamaminerali, ezingakhuthaza ukuhamba ngebhayisikili kwezakhi zomhlabathi nokukhula nokuthuthuka kwezitshalo, futhi kuguqule isakhiwo somphakathi sama-microorganisms enhlabathini. Ukusebenzisa u-30 t/hm² we-bio-black carbon kungathuthukisa kakhulu indawo ene-acidification yenhlabathi yengadi yetiye.

3 ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziphilayo

Umanyolo we-organic ucutshungulwa ku-organic matter, ususa izinto ezinobuthi futhi ugcine izinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezinenzuzo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi ene-Acid kungasebenzisa umanyolo wemvelo ongathathi hlangothi noma one-alkali kancane ukuze ulungise indawo ene-asidi yomhlabathi futhi ulondoloze ukuvunda okuhamba kancane kwesikhathi eside kuyilapho unikeza imisoco ehlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, imisoco equkethwe kumanyolo we-organic kunzima ukusetshenziswa ngokuqondile izitshalo. Ngemva kokuba ama-microorganisms azala, akhule futhi ashintsha umzimba, angakhulula kancane kancane izinto eziphilayo ezingamuncwa izitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela zithuthukise izakhiwo zenhlabathi namakhemikhali. Ukusebenzisa izichibiyelo ze-organic-inorganic composite composite acidifying enhlabathini ene-acidic ezingadini zetiye kungakhuphula ngempumelelo i-pH yenhlabathi nokuvunda kwenhlabathi, kwengeze ama-ion ayisisekelo ahlukahlukene futhi kuthuthukise umthamo wokuvimba umhlabathi.

4 ukuthuthukiswa okusha

Ezinye izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto zokulungisa seziqala ukuvela ekulungiseni nasekuthuthukisweni kwenhlabathi. Ama-microorganisms adlala indima ebalulekile ekugayweni kabusha kwezakhi zomhlabathi futhi athinte izici ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali zomhlabathi. Ukufaka imijovo ye-microbial emhlabathini wengadi yetiye usebenzisa aisifuthoingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwamagciwane enhlabathini, yandise ukuchichima kwamagciwane enhlabathini, futhi ithuthukise kakhulu izinkomba zokuvunda ezihlukahlukene. I-Bacillus amyloides ingathuthukisa ikhwalithi kanye nesivuno setiye, futhi umphumela omuhle kakhulu ufinyelelwa uma isamba senani lamakholoni lingu-1.6 ×108 cfu/mL. I-polymer ye-molecular ephezulu iphinde ibe isithuthukisi sempahla yenhlabathi entsha ephumelelayo. Ama-polymers ama-Macromolecular angakhuphula inani lama-macroaggregates enhlabathi, andise i-porosity, futhi athuthukise ukwakheka komhlabathi. Ukusebenzisa i-polyacrylamide enhlabathini ene-asidi kungakhuphula inani le-pH lenhlabathi ngezinga elithile futhi kulawule kangcono izakhiwo zomhlabathi.

5. Ukuvundisa okunengqondo

Ukufakwa kukamanyolo wamakhemikhali ngokungakhethi kungenye yezimbangela ezibalulekile zokugcwala kwe-asidi yomhlabathi. Umanyolo wamakhemikhali ungashintsha ngokushesha okuqukethwe kwezakhi zenhlabathi yetiye engadini. Isibonelo, ukuvundisa okungenakulinganisela kungaholela ekungalinganisweni kwezakhi zomhlabathi okungase kubhebhethekise kalula izimo zokusabela kwenhlabathi. Ikakhulukazi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-unilateral yesikhathi eside komanyolo we-asidi, umanyolo we-physiological acid noma umanyolo we-nitrogen kuzoholela ekwenzeni inhlabathi ibe yi-asidi. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa aisisakazeli sikamanyoloingasakaza umanyolo ngokulinganayo. Izingadi zetiye akufanele zigcizelele ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-nitrogen kuphela, kodwa kufanele zinake ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwe-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium nezinye izakhi. Ukuze kulinganiswe izakhi zomhlabathi futhi kuvimbele ukugcwala kwe-asidi yomhlabathi, ngokuya ngezici zokumuncwa kukamanyolo nezici zenhlabathi, kuyatuseka ukusebenzisa ukuvundisa kwefomula yokuhlola inhlabathi noma uhlanganise futhi ufake umanyolo omningi.