Ukuphuza itiyeibhekisela enqubweni lapho amaqabunga etiye egoqwa abe yimichilo ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla, futhi izicubu zamangqamuzana eqabunga ziyabhujiswa, okuholela ekuchichimeni okusesilinganisweni kwejusi yetiye. Kuyinqubo ebalulekile yokwakhiwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zetiye kanye nokwakheka kokunambitha nephunga. Izinga lokuginqika livamise ukukalwa “ngezinga lokulimala kwezicubu zeseli”, “izinga le-strip”, kanye “nezinga letiye eliphukile”. Lapho ugoqa, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokugoqa okushisayo nokugoqa okubandayo, futhi ukunaka ithonya lesikhathi sokugoqa nokucindezela ekugoqeni ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Ukuginqika okushisayo nokubandayo

Okubizwa ngokuthi ukugoqa okushisayo kubhekisela ekugoqeni amaqabunga abunile esashisa, ngaphandle kokuwapholisa; Okubizwa ngokuthi ukugoqa okubandayo kubhekisela enkambisweni yokugoqa amaqabunga aluhlaza ngemva kokuba ekhishiwe ebhodweni futhi avunyelwe ukupholisa isikhathi esithile kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa lamaqabunga lehla ekamelweni lokushisa. Ukugoqa kuvumela okuqukethwe kwamangqamuzana amaqabunga (njengamaprotheni, i-pectin, isitashi, njll.) ukuthi kungene ebusweni bamaqabunga. Lokhu okuqukethwe kune-viscosity kokuqukethwe komswakamo othile, okuzuzisayo ekugingqeni amaqabunga etiye abe yimicu nokuqhubeka nokulungisa isimo sawo phakathi nenqubo yokomisa. Amaqabunga anamazinga ahlukene obudala nobumnene anezici ezihlukene zamagatsha. Amaqabunga athambile kakhulu athambekele ekwenzeni imicu lapho egoqwa ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo okuphansi kwe-cellulose kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-pectin; Amaqabunga amadala aqukethe inani eliphezulu lesitashi, futhi ukuwagoqa ngenkathi kushisa kuyazuzisa ukuthi isitashi siqhubeke ne-gelatinization futhi sixube kahle nezinye izinto, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise i-viscosity ebusweni bamaqabunga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa, i-cellulose iyathambisa futhi yakha imichilo kalula. Kodwa okubi kokugoqeka okushisayo kuvame ukuthi umbala weqabunga ujwayele ukuphuzi futhi kuba khona ukuqina kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, emaqabunga amathenda, athambekele ekwenzeni imichilo ngesikhathi sokugoqa. Ukuze kugcinwe umbala omuhle nephunga, kufanele kusetshenziswe ukugoqa okubandayo; Emaqabungeni amadala avuthiwe, ukuwagingqa ngenkathi kushisa kungafinyelela ukubukeka okungcono. Nakuba ukugoqa okushisayo kunomthelela embala nasephunga, amaqabunga amadala asevele enephunga eliphansi futhi anombala oluhlaza ngokumnyama. I-Hot rolling ilahlekelwa i-chlorophyll, engagcini nje ngokuba nomthelela omncane embala wabo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi yenza phansi amaqabunga kukhanye. Ngakho-ke, amaqabunga amadala kufanele afakwe emanzini ashisayo. Amaqabunga avame ukubonakala amasha anehlumela elilodwa, amaqabunga amabili, namaqabunga amathathu anobumnene obumaphakathi futhi kufanele axove ngobumnene. Amaqabunga aluhlaza kufanele asakazwe kancane futhi axove lapho esafudumele. Ukuphatha okushisayo nokubandayo kufanele kuncike esimweni esithile.

Isikhathi sokugoqa kanye nengcindezi

Okubili kuhlobene eduze futhi kufanele kucatshangelwe ndawonye, ​​​​kugcizelela isici esisodwa kuphela akwanele. Ngokuvamile, kunesimo lapho isikhathi sokugoqa singeside, kodwa ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu, iziqu namaqabunga ahlukene, futhi amaqabunga aqoshiwe aphuka ngaphambi kokuba abe yimichilo. Ukugingqika kwamaqabunga kufanele kufinyelele izinga elithile lokuphuka kweseli kuyilapho kugcinwa ubuqotho bezintambo, futhi izinga lokuhlubuka kufanele lihlangabezane nezimfuneko ezishiwo. Amathenda kanye nezithombo ezicijile kufanele zigcinwe futhi zingaphuli. Ngaphezu kwenani elifanele lamaqabunga, kufanele kube "isikhathi kufanele siqinisekiswe futhi ingcindezi kufanele ifanele". Uma ingcindezi ingafaneleki, ikakhulukazi uma inzima kakhulu, umphumela wokugoqa uzoba nzima nakanjani ukuwuqinisekisa. Ngoba ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu, ama-buds namaqabunga azophuka futhi ahlakazeke ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. Nakuba isikhathi sokugoqa samaqabunga athuthukile sibekwe emaminithini angu-20-30, ngokuvamile akunconywa ukufaka ukucindezela noma ukucindezela ukukhanya kuphela kungasetshenziswa; Uma lolu hlobo lweqabunga elithuthukisiwe lungaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu, luzoholela emicu yetiye engaphelele kanye nezithombo eziphukile ngemva kwemizuzu engu-15-20 yokuxova. Ngakho-ke, lapho uxova amaqabunga amathenda, isikhathi kufanele siqinisekiswe ngaphandle kokufaka ingcindezi noma ukufaka ingcindezi encane, futhi isikhathi sokuxova asikwazi ukuba sifushane kakhulu. Lena indlela ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi “idinga ukuxova kahle, ihleshulwe ibe yimicu, futhi igcinwe ibukhali”. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukugoqa amaqabunga amadala kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokugoqa ngaphandle kokufaka ukucindezela okunzima.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kanye nokunciphisa ukushuba kwabasebenzi, uhlobo lokuhlanganisa okuningiitiye rollerfuthi okuzenzakalelayo ngokugcweleumugqa wokukhiqiza itiyezakhiwe, ezingafinyelela ukuvulwa okuzenzakalelayo, ukukala nokudla, ukuvala, ukucindezela, nokukhipha kuyo yonke inqubo. Amapharamitha wenqubo nawo angalungiswa ukuze enze ikhwalithi yokugoqa ilawuleke. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulawula okuzenzakalelayo be-PLC kanye nokwamukela indlela yokuxhuma imishini eminingi yokugingqa nokusonta, ukucubungula okuqhubekayo okuzenzakalelayo kokuphakelwa kwemishini eminingi nokusebenza komjikelezo wokugoqa kufinyelelwe. Kodwa lolu hlobo lweyunithi yokugoqa nokusonta lusadinga ukuvala shaqa kanye ne-blade feed, futhi lufinyelela kuphela ukugoqeka okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo.

AMACEBISO: Ukugingqika kwetiye eliluhlaza kudinga ukwazi umgomo wokugoqeka kahle kwamaqabunga amathenda kanye nokugoqeka okusindayo kwamaqabunga amadala
Isisindo, ubude besikhathi, kanye nendlela yokugoqa kunomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi yetiye eliluhlaza. Uma kusetshenziswa amandla amaningi, inani elikhulu lejusi yetiye lizochichima, futhi amanye ama-flavonoid afakwa i-oxidized kalula ukuze enze izinto ezimnyama ezinsundu, ezilimaza umbala wamaqabunga etiye; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yezinga elikhulayo lokulimala kwamangqamuzana, umbala wesobho unzima kodwa awukhanyi ngokwanele. Uma isikhathi sokuxova siside kakhulu, izinto ze-polyphenolic zijwayele ukusabela kwe-oxidation ekamelweni lokushisa, okwenza umbala wesobho uphenduke ubephuzi; Kodwa-ke, ukugoqa okunganele kubangela ukunambitheka nombala okulula, okungakwazi ukwakha umumo oqinile futhi oqondile wetiye eliluhlaza, okwehlisa ikhwalithi yalo yangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, izindlela ezihlukene zokugoqa nokusonta ngesikhathi sokucubungula zinemiphumela ehlukene kwikhwalithi yetiye.