Umgubo weti yeti emnyama ucutshungulwa kumagqabi eti amatsha ngokubuna, ukuqengqeleka, ukubiliswa, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni nokomiswa, kunye nokusila nge-ultrafine. Iimpawu zayo ezisemgangathweni ziquka amasuntswana athambileyo kunye afanayo, umbala obomvu omdaka, incasa ethambileyo kunye neswiti, ivumba elimnandi, kunye nombala wesobho obomvu onzulu.

Xa kuthelekiswa neti eqhelekileyo emnyama, umgubo weti omnyama unobungakanani besuntswana elicolekileyo kakhulu (lidla ngokuba malunga ne-300 mesh), kunye nombala wayo, incasa kunye nevumba elifana nelesiqhelo leti emnyama. Amagqabi eti entsha entwasahlobo, ehlotyeni, nasekwindla zonke zinokulungiswa zibe ngumgubo weti omnyama, kwaye ehlotyeni nasekwindla amagqabi amatsha zezona mathiriyeli ikrwada.

Amanyathelo okulungisa umgubo weti emnyama: Amagqabi amatsha → Ukubuna (ukubuna kwendalo, ukubuna kumkhombe wokubuna, okanye ukubuna kukukhanya kwelanga) → Ukuqengqeleka → Ukuqhawuka nokuhluza, ukuvubela → Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni nokomiswa → Ukusila ngokucokisekileyo → Kugqityiwe ukupakishwa kwemveliso.

(1) Ukubuna

Injongo yokubuna iyafana nokusetyenzwa kweti eqhelekileyo emnyama.

Zintathu iindlela zokubuna: umkhombe wokubuna, ukubuna kwendalo, kunye nokubuna kwelanga. Iindlela ezithile ziyafana nokucutshungulwa kweti emnyama. I-Wilting degree: Umphezulu wegqabi ulahlekelwa ukubengezela kwawo, umbala wegqabi uluhlaza bumnyama, umgangatho wamagqabi uthambile, unokugalelwa kwibhola ngesandla, isiqu sihlala sisongwa, akukho zithupha zibunileyo, imiphetho etshileyo, okanye ibomvu. amagqabi, kwaye ivumba lengca eluhlaza liye lanyamalala ngokuyinxenye, linevumba elincinane. Ukuba isiqulatho sokufuma sisetyenziselwa ukulawula, ukufuma kufuneka kulawulwe phakathi kwe 58% kunye ne 64%. Ngokuqhelekileyo, yi-58% ukuya kwi-61% entwasahlobo, i-61% ukuya kwi-64% ehlotyeni nasekwindla, kwaye izinga lokulahlekelwa ubunzima bamagqabi amatsha kufuneka libe phakathi kwe-30% kunye ne-40%.

(2) Ukuqengqeleka

Ukuqengqeleka iti emnyamaumgubo awufuni ingqwalasela yendlela owenziwe ngayo. Injongo yalo kukutshabalalisa iiseli zeqabunga, ukuvumela i-polyphenol oxidase emagqabini ukuba idibane ne-polyphenolic compounds, kwaye ikhuthaze ukuvutshelwa ngesenzo se-oxygen emoyeni.

Itekhnoloji yokuqengqeleka: Ubushushu begumbi lokuqengqeleka komgubo weti emnyama bulawulwa ku-20-24 ℃, kunye nokufuma okungama-85% -90%. Inokuqhutywa kusetyenziswa umatshini wokuqengqeleka we-6CR55. Iiparamitha zobuchwephesha: Umthamo wokutyisa amagqabi kumbhobho omnye okanye umatshini umalunga ne-35kg; Ukuhlikihlwa nokujijwa kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokwezigaba malunga nemizuzu engama-70, kunye nezixhobo zebanga lokuqala okanye ngaphezulu zixutywe kathathu, ixesha ngalinye imizuzu engama-20, 30, kunye nama-20 ngokulandelelanayo; Gcoba izinto eziluhlaza ngaphantsi kwenqanaba le-2 kabini, ixesha ngalinye kwimizuzu engama-35, kwaye ungafaki uxinzelelo kwimizuzu yokuqala ye-35.

Inqanaba lokuqengqeleka: Amagqabi ayajika kwaye ancangathi ngesandla, evumela incindi yeti ukuba ixove ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa. Amagqabi abomvu ngokuyinxenye kwaye akhupha ivumba elimnandi.

(3) Ukwahlula kunye nokuhlolwa

Emva kokuqengqeleka ngakunye, iti kufuneka ihlulwe kwaye ihlulwe, kwaye iti ehleliweyo kufuneka ivundiswe ngokwahlukileyo.

(4) Ukuvutshelwa

Injongo yokuvutshelwa kukuphucula inqanaba lokusebenzisa i-enzymes, ukukhuthaza i-oxidation yeekhompawundi ze-polyphenolic, ukuvelisa ivumba elityebileyo kumagqabi, kunye nokwenza umbala kunye nencasa ye-ultrafine yeti emnyama. Itekhnoloji yokuvundisa: ubushushu bangaphakathi obuyi-25-28 ℃, ukufuma okungaphezulu kwe-95%. Ukusabalalisa amagqabi athambileyo kunye nobukhulu be-6-8cm kunye namagqabi aphakathi kunye nobukhulu be-9-10cm, kunye ne-ferment ye-2.5-3.0h; Amagqabi amadala angama-10-12 cm kwaye ixesha lokuvutshelwa liyi-3.0-3.5 iiyure. Iqondo lokuvubela: Amagqabi abomvu ngombala kwaye akhupha ivumba elinamandla leapile.

(5) Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni nokomisa

① Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nenjongo yokomisa: Ukusebenzisa ukushisa okuphezulu ukutshabalalisa umsebenzi we-enzyme, yeka ukubila, kwaye ulungise umgangatho owenziwe. Umphunga wamanzi uyaqhubeka nokukhulula ivumba lengca eluhlaza, ngakumbi ukuphuhlisa ivumba leti.

② Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kunye neteknoloji yokomisa: Emva kokoukubila, amagqabi aye abumba umbala weti omnyama ozinzile. Ke ngoko, imiba yokukhusela umbala inokungahoywa xa kusetyenzwa i-ultrafine i-powder emnyama yeti ngokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokomisa, kwaye izixhobo zingasetyenziswa ngesomisi esiqhelekileyo. Ukomisa kuhlulwe ngokomisa kokuqala kunye nokomisa okwaneleyo, kunye nexesha lokupholisa kwiiyure ezingama-1-2 phakathi. Umgaqo wobushushu obuphezulu kunye nesantya silawulwa ngokuyintloko ngexesha lokomisa kokuqala, kunye nobushushu obulawulwa kwi-100-110 ℃ imizuzu eyi-15-17. Emva kokumiswa kokuqala, umthamo wokufuma kwegqabi yi-18% -25%. Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza emva kokumisa kokuqala, kwaye emva kweeyure ze-1-2 zokusasazwa kwamanzi, yenza ukomisa unyawo. Ukomisa unyawo kufuneka kulandele imigaqo yokushisa okuphantsi kunye nokomisa ngokukhawuleza. Ubushushu kufuneka ilawulwe 90-100 ℃ imizuzu 15-18. Emva kokumiswa kweenyawo, ukufuma kwamagqabi kufuneka kube ngaphantsi kwe-5%. Ngeli xesha, amaqabunga kufuneka atyunyuzwe abe ngumgubo ngesandla, kunye nombala omnyama kunye ococekileyo kunye nephunga elinamandla.

(6) Ukucolwa ngokucokisekileyo

Le nkqubo imisela ubungakanani bamasuntswanaumgubo weti omnyamaiimveliso kwaye idlala indima eqinisekileyo kumgangatho wemveliso. Njengomgubo weti eluhlaza, umgubo weti omnyama unamaxesha ahlukeneyo okusila ngenxa yokuthantamisa okwahlukileyo kwemathiriyeli ekrwada. Ukukhula kwemathiriyeli ekrwada, kokukhona ixesha lokusila lisiba lide. Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, izixhobo zokutyumza ezisebenzisa umgaqo wesando othe ngqo zisetyenziselwa ukutyumza, kunye nokutya okukodwa kwe-15kg kunye nexesha eliqhekezayo lemizuzu engama-30.

(7) Ukupakishwa kwemveliso egqityiweyo

Njengomgubo weti eluhlaza, iimveliso zomgubo weti ezimnyama zineengqungquthela ezincinci kwaye ziyakwazi ukufunxa kalula umswakama emoyeni kwiqondo lokushisa, okubangela ukuba umkhiqizo udibanise kwaye wonakalise ngexesha elifutshane. Umgubo weti omnyama ocutshungulweyo kufuneka ukhawuleze upakishwe kwaye ugcinwe kwindawo ebandayo enobushushu obungaphantsi kwe 50% kunye noluhlu lobushushu obuphakathi kwe 0-5 ℃ ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso.