Iziphumo zokuchasa ukudumba kunye ne-detoxifying yeti zirekhodwe kwangoko njenge-Shennong herbal classic. Ngophuhliso lwenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe, abantu bahlawula ngaphezulu
kwaye ingqalelo ngakumbi umsebenzi wokhathalelo lwempilo yeti. Iti ityebile kwi-polyphenols yeti, i-polysaccharides yeti, i-theanine, i-caffeine kunye nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo. Inamandla okuthintela ukutyeba, isifo seswekile, ukudumba okungapheliyo kunye nezinye izifo.
I-Intestinal flora ithathwa njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo "ye-metabolic organ" kunye "ne-endocrine organ", ehlanganiswe malunga ne-100trillion microorganisms emathunjini. I-intestinal flora inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nesehlo sokutyeba, isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nezinye izifo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando oluninzi luye lwafumanisa ukuba isiphumo sokhathalelo lwempilo olulodwa lweti lunokubalelwa kunxibelelwano phakathi kweti, izinto ezisebenzayo kunye neentyatyambo zamathumbu. Inani elikhulu loncwadi luqinisekisile ukuba iti i-polyphenols ene-bioavailability ephantsi inokufunxwa kwaye isetyenziswe yi-microorganisms emathunjini amakhulu, okukhokelela kwiinzuzo zempilo. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokusebenzisana phakathi kweti kunye neentyatyambo zamathumbu azicaci. Ingaba isiphumo esithe ngqo se-metabolites yamacandelo asebenzayo eti kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwee-microorganisms, okanye impembelelo engathanga ngqo yeti evuselela ukukhula kwee-microorganisms ezincedo ezithile emathunjini ukuvelisa i-metabolites enenzuzo.
Ke ngoko, eli phepha lishwankathela intsebenziswano phakathi kweti kunye namalungu ayo asebenzayo kunye nezityalo zamathumbu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye lidibanisa indlela yokulawula "iti kunye nezinto zayo ezisebenzayo - i-intestinal flora - intestinal metabolites - impilo yomkhosi", ukuze ukubonelela ngemibono emitsha yokufunda umsebenzi wezempilo weti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo.

01
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwezityalo zamathumbu kunye ne-homeostasis yomntu
Ngommandla ofudumeleyo kunye nokwahlulwahlulwayo wamathumbu omntu, ii-microorganisms zinokukhula kwaye zivelise kwakhona emathunjini omntu, ayinxalenye engenakuhlukaniswa yomzimba womntu. I-microbiota ethwalwa ngumzimba womntu inokukhula ngokuhambelana nophuhliso lomzimba womntu, kwaye igcine uzinzo lwexeshana kunye nokwahluka kwabantu abadala kude kube sekufeni.
I-intestinal flora ingaba nefuthe elibalulekileyo kwi-immunity yabantu, i-metabolism kunye nenkqubo ye-nervous ngokusebenzisa i-metabolites yayo ecebileyo, njenge-short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Emathunjini abantu abadala abanempilo, i-Bacteroidetes kunye ne-Firmicutes yi-flora ehamba phambili, ibalwa ngaphezu kwe-90% ye-intestinal flora yamathumbu, ilandelwa yi-Actinobacteria, i-Proteobacteria, i-verrucomicrobia kunye nokunye.
Ii-microorganisms ezahlukeneyo emathunjini zidibanisa kumlinganiselo othile, zithintele kwaye zixhomekeke komnye nomnye, ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi ye-homeostasis yamathumbu. Uxinzelelo lwengqondo, imikhwa yokutya, i-antibiotics, i-pH yamathumbu engaqhelekanga kunye nezinye izinto ziya kutshabalalisa ulungelelwaniso oluzinzileyo lwamathumbu, lubangele ukungalingani kweentyantyambo zamathumbu, kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, kubangele ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism, ukukrala, kunye nezinye izifo ezinxulumene nazo. , njengezifo zesisu, izifo zengqondo kunye nokunye.
Ukutya yeyona nto ibalulekileyo echaphazela iintyatyambo zamathumbu. Ukutya okunempilo (okufana nefayibha ephezulu yokutya, i-prebiotics, njl.) kuya kukhuthaza ukutyetyiswa kwebhaktheriya enenzuzo, njengokunyuka kwenani leLactobacillus kunye ne-Bifidobacterium evelisa i-SCFAs, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe ukuvakalelwa kwe-insulin kunye nokukhuthaza impilo ye-host host. Ukutya okungenampilo (okufana noshukela ophezulu kunye nokutya okuphezulu kwekhalori) kuya kutshintsha ukubunjwa kwamathumbu emathunjini kunye nokwandisa umlinganiselo weebhaktheriya ze-Gram-negative, ngelixa iibhaktheriya ezininzi ze-Gram-negative ziya kukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ukwandisa ukunyanzeliswa kwamathumbu emathunjini, kwaye ikhokelela ekutyebeni, ukudumba kunye ne-endotoxemia.
Ke ngoko, ukutya kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni kunye nokubumba i-homeostasis yamathumbu e-intestinal flora, ehambelana ngqo nempilo yomninimzi.

02

Ukulawulwa kweti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo kwi-intestinal flora
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho ngaphezu kwe-700 iikhompawundi ezaziwayo kwiti, kubandakanya iti polyphenols, iti polysaccharides, theanine, caffeine njalo njalo. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba iti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlukeni kweentyatyambo zamathumbu omntu, kuquka nokukhuthaza ukukhula kweeprobiotics ezifana ne-akkermansia, i-bifidobacteria kunye ne-Roseburia, kunye nokuthintela ukukhula kweebhaktheriya ezinobungozi ezifana ne-Enterobacteriaceae kunye ne-Helicobacter.
1. Ukulawulwa kweti kwi-intestinal flora
Kwimodeli ye-colitis eyenziwe yi-dextran sodium sulfate, iiti ezintandathu zibonakaliswe zineziphumo ze-prebiotic, ezinokunyusa kakhulu ukuhlukahluka kwamathumbu emathumbu kwiimpuku ze-colitis, ukunciphisa ubuninzi beebhaktheriya ezinokuba yingozi kunye nokwandisa ubuninzi beebhaktheriya ezinokuba luncedo.

UHuang et al. Kufunyenwe ukuba unyango olungenelelo lweti yePu'er lunokunciphisa kakhulu ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu okubangelwa yi-dextran sodium sulfate; Ngelo xesha, unyango olungenelelo lweti ye-Pu'er lunokunciphisa ubuninzi beebhaktheriya ezinokuthi zibe yingozi i-Spirillum, i-cyanobacteria kunye ne-Enterobacteriaceae, kwaye ikhuthaze ukwanda kobuninzi be-bacteria enenzuzo i-Ackermann, i-Lactobacillus, i-muribaculum kunye ne-ruminococcaceae ucg-014. Uvavanyo lokufakelwa kwebhaktheriya ye-fecal yangqina ngakumbi ukuba iti ye-Pu'er inokuphucula isifo sokudumba esibangelwa yi-dextran sodium sulfate ngokubuyisela umva ukungalingani kwezityalo zamathumbu. Olu phuculo lunokuba ngenxa yokunyuka komxholo we-SCFAs kwi-cecum ye-mouse kunye nokusebenza kwee-receptors nge-colonic peroxisome proliferators γ Ukunyuka kwentetho. Olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba iti inomsebenzi we-prebiotic, kwaye umsebenzi wezempilo weti uchazwa ubuncinci ngokuyinxalenye kulawulo lwayo lwezityalo zamathumbu.

2. Ukulawulwa kwee-polyphenols zeti kwi-intestinal flora
UZhu et al wafumanisa ukuba ukungenelela kweFuzhuan Tea Polyphenol kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukungalingani kweentyantyambo zamathumbu kwiigundane ezibangelwa kukutya okunamafutha amaninzi, ukwandisa ukuhlukahluka kweentyatyambo zamathumbu, ukunciphisa umlinganiselo we-Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes, kunye nokwandisa kakhulu ubuninzi obunxulumene nombindi othile. microorganisms, kubandakanywa akkermansia muciniphila, alloprevotella Bacteroides kunye faecalis baculum, kunye nefecal bacteria transplantation experiment wangqina ngakumbi ukuba isiphumo ilahleko ubunzima Fuzhuan Tea polyphenols inxulumene ngqo kwizityalo zamathumbu. Wu et al. Ubungqina bokuba kumzekelo we-colitis owenziwe yi-dextran sodium sulfate, umphumo wokunciphisa i-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) kwi-colitis ifezekiswa ngokulawula i-intestinal flora. I-EGCG inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ubuninzi obunxulumene ne-SCFAs evelisa i-microorganisms, njenge-Ackermann kunye neLactobacillus. Impembelelo ye-prebiotic ye-tea polyphenols inokunciphisa ukungalingani kwezityalo zamathumbu ezibangelwa yizinto ezimbi. Nangona i-taxa yebhaktiriya ethile elawulwa yimithombo eyahlukeneyo yeti ye-polyphenols inokwahluka, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba umsebenzi wezempilo weti polyphenols unxulumene ngokusondeleyo nezityalo zamathumbu.
3. Ukulawulwa kwe-tea polysaccharide kwi-intestinal flora
I-polysaccharides yeti inokunyusa ukuhlukahluka kwamathumbu emathumbu. Kwafunyaniswa emathunjini eempuku zemodeli yesifo seswekile ukuba iti i-polysaccharides inokunyusa ubuninzi be-SCFAs evelisa ii-microorganisms, ezifana ne-lachnospira, i-victivallis kunye ne-Rossela, kwaye emva koko iphucula i-glucose kunye ne-lipid metabolism. Ngelo xesha, kwimodeli ye-colitis eyenziwa yi-dextran sodium sulfate, i-tea polysaccharide yafunyanwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwe-Bacteroides, enokunciphisa izinga le-LPS kwi-feces kunye ne-plasma, ukuphucula umsebenzi we-intestinal epithelial barrier kwaye inhibit intestinal and systemic. ukudumba. Ke ngoko, iti i-polysaccharide inokukhuthaza ukukhula kweemicroorganisms ezinokuba luncedo ezinjenge-SCFAs kwaye inqanda ukukhula kwe-LPS evelisa ii-microorganisms, ukuze kuphuculwe ubume kunye nokwakhiwa kweentyantyambo zamathumbu kunye nokugcina i-homeostasis yezityalo zamathumbu omntu.
4. Ukulawulwa kwamanye amacandelo asebenzayo kwiti kwi-intestinal flora
I-tea saponin, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-tea saponin, luhlobo lwe-glycoside compounds kunye nesakhiwo esinzima esithathwe kwimbewu yeti. Inobunzima obukhulu be-molecular, i-polarity enamandla kwaye kulula ukuyinyibilika emanzini. ULi Yu nabanye bondla amatakane alunyulweyo ngesaponin yeti. Iziphumo zohlalutyo lweentyantyambo zamathumbu zibonise ukuba ubuninzi obunxulumene neebhaktheriya ezixhamlayo ezinxulumene nokwandiswa kokugonywa komzimba kunye nokukwazi ukutya kwenyuka kakhulu, ngelixa ubuninzi beebhaktheriya ezinobungozi ezinxulumene nosulelo lomzimba lwehle kakhulu. Ngoko ke, i-tea saponin inefuthe elihle kwi-intestinal flora yamatakane. Ukungenelela kwe-tea saponin kunokunyusa ukuhlukahluka kweentyantyambo zamathumbu, ukuphucula i-homeostasis yamathumbu, kunye nokwandisa ukhuseleko kunye nokukwazi ukugaya umzimba.
Ukongeza, ezona zinto zisebenzayo kwiti zibandakanya i-theanine kunye ne-caffeine. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ye-bioavailability ephezulu ye-theanine, i-caffeine kunye nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo, ukufunxa kuye kwagqitywa ngokusisiseko ngaphambi kokufikelela emathunjini amakhulu, ngelixa i-intestinal flora isasazwa kakhulu emathunjini amakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabo kunye neentyantyambo zamathumbu akucaci.

03
Iti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo alawula i-intestinal flora
Iindlela ezinokwenzeka ezichaphazela impilo yomkhosi
I-Lipinski kunye nabanye bakholelwa ukuba iikhompawundi ezine-bioavailability ephantsi ngokubanzi zineempawu ezilandelayo: (1) ubunzima be-molecular weight> 500, logP> 5; (2) Ubungakanani be – Oh okanye – NH kwikhompawundi ngu ≥ 5; (3) Iqela le-N okanye iqela le-O elinokwenza i-hydrogen bond kwi-compound ≥ 10. Uninzi lwamacandelo asebenzayo kwiti, njenge-theaflavin, i-thearubin, i-tea polysaccharide kunye nezinye i-macromolecular compounds, kunzima ukuba zifakwe ngokuthe ngqo ngumzimba womntu. ngenxa yokuba banazo zonke okanye inxalenye yeempawu zesakhiwo esingentla.
Nangona kunjalo, uphando lubonise ukuba ezi khompawundi zinokuba zizondlo zezityalo zamathumbu. Kwelinye icala, ezi zinto zingafunxwanga zinokuthotywa zibe zizinto ezincinci ezisebenza ngemolekyuli ezinjengee-SCFA zokufunxa abantu kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuthatha inxaxheba kweentyantyambo zamathumbu. Kwelinye icala, ezi zinto zinokulawula i-intestinal flora, zikhuthaze ukukhula kwee-microorganisms eziluncedo ezivelisa izinto ezinjenge-SCFAs kwaye zithintele ukukhula kwee-microorganisms ezinobungozi ezivelisa izinto ezinjenge-LPS.
I-Koropatkin et al ifumene ukuba i-intestinal flora inokuthi ifake i-polysaccharides kwi-tea ibe yi-metabolites yesibini elawulwa yi-SCFAs ngokuthotywa kweprayimari kunye nokuthotywa kwesibini. Ukongeza, iipolyphenols zeti emathunjini ezingafunxwanga ngokuthe ngqo kwaye zingasetyenziswa ngumzimba womntu zihlala ziguqulwa ngokuthe ngcembe zibe ziikhompawundi ezinevumba elimnandi, i-phenolic acids kunye nezinye izinto eziphantsi kwentshukumo yamathumbu emathunjini, ukuze kubonise umsebenzi ophezulu we-physiological wokufunxa umntu. kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Uninzi lwezifundo ziye zaqinisekisa ukuba iti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo alawula i-intestinal flora ngokugcina intestinal intestinal microbial diversity, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kweebhaktheriya eziluncedo kunye nokuthintela iibhaktheriya ezinobungozi, ukuze kulawuleke i-microbial metabolites yokufunxwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabantu, kunye nokunika umdlalo opheleleyo. kukubaluleka kwezempilo yeti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo. Idityaniswe nohlalutyo loncwadi, indlela yokwenza itiye, amacandelo ayo asebenzayo kunye neentyantyambo zamathumbu ezichaphazela impilo ye-host ingabonakaliswa ikakhulu kule miba mithathu ilandelayo.
1. Iti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo - intestinal flora - SCFAs - indlela yokulawula impilo yomkhosi
Iijini zeentyantyambo zamathumbu ziphezulu ngamaxesha angama-150 ngaphezu kofuzo lomntu. Ukwahluka kofuzo lwee-microorganisms kwenza ukuba kube ne-enzymes kunye neendlela ze-biochemical metabolic ezingenayo umninimzi, kwaye unokufakela inani elikhulu le-enzymes umzimba womntu ongenalo ukuguqula i-polysaccharides kwi-monosaccharides kunye ne-SCFAs.
I-SCFAs yenziwe ngokuvutshelwa kunye nokuguqulwa kokutya okungagatywanga emathunjini. Yona i-metabolite ephambili yee-microorganisms ekupheleni kwamathumbu, ngokukodwa kuquka i-acetic acid, i-propionic acid kunye ne-butyric acid. I-SCFAs ithathwa njengenxulumene ngokusondeleyo ne-glucose kunye ne-lipid metabolism, ukuvutha kwamathumbu emathunjini, umqobo wamathumbu, ukunyakaza kwamathumbu kunye nokusebenza komzimba. Kwimodeli ye-colitis ebangelwa yi-dextran sodium sulfate, iti inokunyusa ubuninzi be-SCFAs evelisa i-microorganisms kwi-mouse intestine kwaye yandise imixholo ye-acetic acid, i-propionic acid kunye ne-butyric acid kwindle, ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukuvutha kwamathumbu. I-Pu'er tea polysaccharide inokulawula ngokubonakalayo i-intestinal flora, ikhuthaze ukukhula kwee-SCFA ezivelisa ii-microorganisms kunye nokwandisa umxholo we-SCFAs kwilindle lempuku. Ngokufana ne-polysaccharides, ukuthatha i-polyphenols yeti kunokonyusa i-SCFAs kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwee-SCFAs ezivelisa ii-microorganisms. Ngelo xesha, u-Wang et al wafumanisa ukuba ukuthatha i-thearubicin kunokunyusa ubuninzi bezityalo zamathumbu ezivelisa i-SCFAs, ukukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwe-SCFAs kwikholoni, ngakumbi ukubunjwa kwe-butyric acid, ukukhuthaza i-beige yamafutha amhlophe kunye nokuphucula ukuvutha. ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa kukutya okunamafutha amaninzi.
Ke ngoko, iti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo anokukhuthaza ukukhula kunye nokuveliswa kwe-SCFAs evelisa ii-microorganisms ngokulawula i-intestinal flora, ukwenzela ukwandisa umxholo we-SCFAs emzimbeni kwaye udlale umsebenzi wezempilo ohambelanayo.

2. Iti kunye namalungu ayo asebenzayo - intestinal flora - bas - indlela yokulawula impilo yomkhosi
I-asidi ye-bile (BAS) yolunye uhlobo lwee-compounds ezinemiphumo emihle kwimpilo yabantu, eyenziwa yi-hepatocytes. Ii-acids eziphambili ze-bile ezenziwe kwisibindi zidibanisa ne-taurine kunye ne-glycine kwaye zikhutshelwa emathunjini. Emva koko uchungechunge lweempendulo ezifana ne-dehydroxylation, i-isomerization eyahlukileyo kunye ne-oxidation yenzeke phantsi kwesenzo se-intestinal flora, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-bile acids yesibini iveliswa. Ngoko ke, i-intestinal flora idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-metabolism ye-bas.
Ukongezelela, utshintsho lwe-BAS lukwanxulumene ngokusondeleyo ne-glucose kunye ne-lipid metabolism, umqobo wamathumbu kunye nenqanaba lokuvuvukala. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba iti ye-Pu'er kunye ne-theabrownin inokunciphisa i-cholesterol kunye ne-lipid ngokuthintela i-microorganisms ezinxulumene ne-bile salt hydrolase (BSH) umsebenzi kunye nokunyusa izinga le-bileal bound bile acids. Ngolawulo oludibeneyo lwe-EGCG kunye ne-caffeine, uZhu et al. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba indima yeti ekunciphiseni amanqatha kunye nokwehla kobunzima kungenxa yokuba i-EGCG kunye necaffeine inokuphucula ukubonakaliswa kwe-bile saline lyase gene ye-BSH yezityalo zamathumbu, ikhuthaze ukuveliswa kwe-non conjugated bile acids, itshintshe i-bile acid pool, kwaye emva koko inqanda ukutyeba. okubangelwa kukutya okunamafutha amaninzi.
Ke ngoko, iti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo anokulawula ukukhula kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona kwee-microorganisms ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo ne-BAS metabolism, kwaye emva koko utshintshe i-bile acid pool emzimbeni, ukuze udlale umsebenzi we-lipid-ukwehla kunye nokuncipha kobunzima.
3. Iti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo - i-intestinal flora - enye i-metabolites yamathumbu - indlela yokulawula impilo yomkhosi
I-LPS, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-endotoxin, lelona candelo lingaphandle kudonga lweseli yebhaktiriya yeGram-negative. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukuphazamiseka kweentyantyambo zamathumbu kuya kubangela umonakalo wesithintelo samathumbu, i-LPS ingena kwi-host circulation, kwaye emva koko ikhokelele kuthotho lweempendulo ezivuthayo. Zuo Gaolong et al. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba iTea yeFuzhuan yanciphisa kakhulu inqanaba le-serum LPS kwiimpuku ezinesifo sesibindi esinamafutha, kwaye inani leentsholongwane zeGram-negative emathunjini lehla kakhulu. Kwaphinda kwaqikelelwa ukuba iTea yeFuzhuan inokuthintela ukukhula kweebhaktheriya zeGram-negative ezivelisa i-LPS emathunjini.
Ukongeza, iti kunye nezinto zayo ezisebenzayo zinokulawula umxholo weentlobo ngeentlobo ze-metabolites zeflora yamathumbu ngokusebenzisa i-intestinal flora, efana ne-saturated fatty acids, i-branched chain amino acids, i-vitamin K2 kunye nezinye izinto, ukuze ulawule i-glucose kunye ne-lipid metabolism. kwaye ukhusele amathambo.

04
Ukuqukumbela
Njengesinye sezona ziselo zidumileyo kwihlabathi, umsebenzi wezempilo weti ufundwe ngokubanzi kwiiseli, izilwanyana kunye nomzimba womntu. Ngaphambili, kwakucingwa ukuba imisebenzi yezempilo yeti yayiyinzala, i-anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation njalo njalo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphononongo lwezityalo zamathumbu ngokuthe ngcembe luye lwatsala ingqalelo ebanzi. Ukusukela ekuqaleni “kwisifo sentyatyambo esibamba amathumbu” ukuya kuthi ga ngoku “sibambe isifo se-intestinal flora intestinal metabolites”, sicacisa ngakumbi ubudlelwane phakathi kwesifo kunye nezihluma zamathumbu. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, uphando malunga nokulawulwa kweti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo kwi-intestinal flora igxile kakhulu ekulawuleni ukuphazamiseka kwezityalo zamathumbu, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kweebhaktheriya ezincedo kunye nokuthintela ukukhula kweebhaktheriya ezinobungozi, ngelixa kukho ukungabikho kophando malunga ne-intestinal flora disorder. ubudlelwane obuthile phakathi kweti kunye namalungu ayo asebenzayo alawula iintyatyambo zamathumbu kunye nempilo yomkhosi.
Ngoko ke, ngokusekelwe kwisishwankathelo esicwangcisiweyo sezifundo ezifanelekileyo zamva nje, eli phepha lenza ingcamango ephambili "yeti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo - i-intestinal flora - i-metabolites yamathumbu - impilo ye-host", ukwenzela ukubonelela ngeengcamango ezintsha zokufunda umsebenzi wezempilo. iti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo.
Ngenxa yendlela engaqondakaliyo "yeti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo - i-intestinal flora - intestinal metabolites - i-host health", ithemba lokuphuhliswa kweemarike zeti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo njenge-prebiotics ilinganiselwe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, "impendulo yechiza yomntu ngamnye" ifunyenwe inxulumene kakhulu nomahluko weentyantyambo zamathumbu. Ngexesha elifanayo, kunye nesiphakamiso semiqondo "yeyeza elichanekileyo", "isondlo esichanekileyo" kunye "nokutya okuchanekileyo", iimfuno eziphezulu zibekwe phambili ukuze kucaciswe ubudlelwane phakathi "kweti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo - i-intestinal flora - intestinal metabolites - impilo yomkhosi”. Kuphando lwexesha elizayo, abaphandi kufuneka bacacise ngakumbi ukusebenzisana phakathi kweti kunye namalungu ayo asebenzayo kunye neentyantyambo zamathumbu ngoncedo lweendlela eziphambili zenzululwazi, ezifana nendibaniselwano yamaqela amaninzi (njenge-macrogenome kunye ne-metabolome). Imisebenzi yezempilo yeti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo yaphononongwa ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokuzihlukanisa kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwamathumbu emathunjini kunye neempuku eziyinyumba. Nangona indlela yeti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo alawula i-intestinal flora echaphazela impilo ye-host ingacacanga, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba impembelelo yokulawula iti kunye namacandelo ayo asebenzayo kwi-intestinal flora ingumthwali obalulekileyo womsebenzi wayo wezempilo.