I-Skrola yeNkxaso.in iNkxaso yakho yeNkxaso: I-India ifuna imithombo yeendaba ezimeleyo kunye neendaba ezizimeleyo.
"Yintoni onokuyenza ngama-rupees 200?" Buza i-Shoula Gurng, i-tea yokuthatha i-tea kwi-CD Veb Teing Tea kwi-Pulbazar, Darjeling, ofumana i-Rs 232 ngosuku. Uye wathi indlela yendlela enye kwimo ekwabelwana ngayo yi-400 yeRusiguri, iikhilomitha ezingama-60 ukusuka eDarjeling, kunye nesona sixeko siphambili esikufutshane apho abasebenzi baphathwa khona kwizifo ezinzulu.
Oku kuyinyani kumashumi amawaka abasebenzi kuhlaselo lweti kumantla ase-Bengal yaseNyakatho, engaphezulu kwepesenti ezingama-50 ngabafazi. Ukwenza ingxelo kwethu eDarjeeling kubonisa ukuba bahlawulwa umvuzo omncinci, baboshwe yinkqubo yabasebenzi, bebengenalungelo lawo umhlaba, kwaye wayenokufikelela ngokulinganiselweyo kwiinkqubo zikarhulumente.
"Iimeko zokusebenza ezinobungozi kunye neemeko zokuphila ezingenamntu zabasebenzi beTea zikhumbula umsebenzi oqinisekisiweyo obekiweyo ngabanini bezityalo zaseBritane kumaxesha asebukumkanini," watsho ingxelo yeKomiti yokumiselwa yekoloni.
Abasebenzi bazama ukuphucula ubomi babo, batsho, kwaye iingcali ziyavuma. Uninzi lwabasebenzi luqeqesha abantwana babo kwaye bathumele ukuba basebenze kumasimi. Sifumanise ukuba nabo balwa umvuzo ophezulu kunye nobunini bomhlaba ngekhaya labo.
Kodwa ubomi babo obukhethekileyo obukhethekileyo busemngciphekweni omkhulu ngenxa yeSteyishini yeti ye-darjeeling ngenxa yotshintsho lwemozulu, ukhuphiswano lweentengiso zexabiso eliphantsi kunye nemfuno echazayo kula manqaku mabini. Inqaku lokuqala liyinxalenye yothotho. Icandelo lesibini nelokugqibela liya kunikezelwa kwimeko yabasebenzi bezimidlalo beti.
Ukusukela oko umthetho wokubuyiselwa komhlaba ngo-1955, umhlaba wokuvelisa iti kwi-North Bengal ayinasihloko kodwa siqeshisiwe. Urhulumente wombuso.
Kwizizukulwana, abasebenzi beTea bakha amakhaya abo kumhlaba wasimahla kwi-subjeeling, emideni kunye noTerai.
Nangona kungekho manani asemthethweni avela kwiBhodi yeTea, ngokwengxelo yeBhunga leBhunga le-Bengali yowama-2013, abemi bomhlaba weti enkulu we-darjeling baseDarjeling, Terai kunye no-2,62 46. babengabemi abasisigxina kwaye bangaphezu kwama-70,000 abantu okwethutyana nabakhontrakthi.
Njengesiqwengana se-coloniyal edluleyo, abanini banyanzelisa ukuba iintsapho ezihlala kwipropathi ukuthumela ilungu elinye ukuba lisebenze kwigadi yeti okanye baphulukane nekhaya labo. Abasebenzi abanaso isihloko emhlabeni, kungoko akukho ntshukumo yesalathiso esibizwa ngokuba yiPaja-Patta.
Ngokutsho kwesifundo esithi "Ukuxhatshazwa kwabasebenzi kwimimandla yaseDarjeling" epapashwe ngonyaka wama-2021, kuba intengiso engapheliyo ku-Bengal Bengal inokufumaneka kuphela, kukhokelela kumanye amazwe abasebenzi bamanye amakhoboka. Ijenali yolawulo lwezomthetho kunye noluntu. "
Abadlali abahlawulwa ngoku i-Rs 232 ngosuku. Emva kokuthatha imali esiya kwiNgxowa-mali yoShishino yabasebenzi, abasebenzi bafumane malunga ne-rupees 2005, abathi akwanele ukuba baphile kwaye bangavumi nomsebenzi abawenzayo.
Ngokutsho kukaMohan chirimar, uMlawuli oLawulayo weTym tea, ireyithi engahambiyo kwabasebenzi beTea e-North Bengal ingaphezulu kwe-40%. "Phantse isiqingatha sabasebenzi baseGadini asisasebenzi emsebenzini."
"Isixa-mali esincinci seeyure ezisibhozo zomsebenzi onobuchule kwaye onezakhono zesona sizathu sokuba umsebenzisi owongeziweyo weti ukwahlula imihla ngemihla, utshilo uSumendra Tangal, amalungelo eTea asebenza kwi-Bengal bengal. "Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba abantu batsibe umsebenzi kwimimandla yeti kunye nokusebenza kwe-MGNGRECA [yenkqubo yengqesho yasemaphandleni yasemaphandleni] okanye kwenye indawo apho umvuzo uphezulu."
UJoshuila Gung of Ging Teation eDarjeling kunye noogxa bakhe bangama-bikita Biki kunye neChandramiti Camang bathetha ukuba iimfuno zabo eziphambili yayiyindawo yokusebenza yeti.
Ngokwesetyhula yakutshanje ekhutshwe yi-ofisi yekomishini yoMkomishinari kaRhulumente wase-West Bengal, owona mvuzo uphakamileyo wezolimo kubasebenzi abangaqeqeshwayo kufuneka ube yi-284 ngaphandle kokutya kunye ne-Rs 264 ngokutya.
Nangona kunjalo, umvuzo weti abasebenzi uzimisele ngendibano yamaphepha-ntsapho awayezibalelwe yimibutho yabanini beti, imibutho yabasebenzi kunye namagosa aseburhulumente. Imibutho yabasebenzi yayifuna ukumisela umvuzo omtsha wemihla ngemihla we-Rs 240, kodwa ngoJuni urhulumente wase-Bengal wabhengeza kwi-232.
I-Rakesh Suka, UMlawuli wePickers kwiNtili yoLonwabo, i-Darjeling's yesibini ye-tearjeeling ye-tea, ikwakhalaza malunga neentlawulo zokungaqhelekanga. "Asikhange sihlawulwe rhoqo ukusukela ngo-2017. Basinika isambazi seenyanga ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukulibaziseka okude, kwaye kuyafana ngawo onke amasimi eti."
"Kunikezwe ukunyuka kwamaxabiso rhoqo kunye nemeko yezoqoqosho ngokubanzi eIndiya, akunakuchazwa indlela enokuthi ngayo iti neti yeTea kunye nentsapho yakhe nge-Rs 200 ngosuku, umfundi ongugqirha kwiZiko loPhando lwezoQoqsho. Uphando kunye nokucwangcisa eIndiya. I-Jawaharlal Nehru iyunivesithi, kwasekuqaleni ukusuka eKorsong. "Darjengeling kunye ne-Assam anemivuzo ephantsi yabasebenzi beti. Kwindawo yokuhlala yeti e-SPKIM, abasebenzi bafumana i-Rs 500, kwanamhlanje."
Ingxelo ye-2022 kwiKomiti yePalamente emiselweyo yokuSebenza yokuSebenza kobuncinci beMivuzo yabasebenzi bezimiselo zeTei, ichaza ukuba umvuzo weti ye-darjeeling yayingu "owona msebenzi uphantsi kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi weshishini elizweni".
Imivuzo iphantsi kwaye ingakhuselekanga, ethi i-rakesh ifana neRakesh noJoshira babadimaze abantwana babo ekusebenzeni kumasimi eti. "Sizama ngamandla ukufundisa abantwana bethu. Ayisiyo le mfundo ibalaseleyo, kodwa ubuncinci bakwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Kutheni le nto kufuneka bawaphule amathambo aphantsi kwesimiselo seti," utshilo uJoshira, onyana wawo ngumpheki e-Bangalore. Ukholelwa ukuba abasebenzi beTeA baxhatshazile kwizizukulwana ngenxa yokungafundi kwabo. "Abantwana bethu kufuneka baqhekeze ikhonkco."
Ukongeza kwimivuzo, abasebenzi beGadi banelungelo lokugcina imali, ipenshoni, izindlu, i-nuels, i-nuels, i-nuels, ipetroli yabasebenzi, i-inde, kunye neebhutsi eziphezulu. Ngokwengxelo ekhokelayo, umvuzo opheleleyo wabasebenzi malunga ne-Rs 350 ngosuku. Abaqeshi bayacelwa ukuba bahlawule iibhonasi zonyaka zeDurga Puja.
I-Darjeling Tea ye-Orvicles Esserting Limited, i-Dolon yangaphambili ye-10 ENTERSE BEXAL, kuquka abasebenzi begadi, beshiya abasebenzi bayo, bemalunga neengxowa, iingcebiso kunye neebhonasi zepuja.
Ngo-Okthobha, iDarjeling Iti yeTea Sdn Bhd ekugqibeleni ithengiswe ezintandathu zokulimala kweti. "Abanini abatsha khange bahlawule yonke imivuzo yethu. Imivuzo ayizange ihlawulwe kwaye kuphela i-Pujo ihlawulwe," wahlawulelwa uSarkey owonwabileyo we-varkey ngoNovemba.
USobhadebi Tamang uthe imeko yangoku iyafana negadi ye-PeShok ye-PeShok phantsi komnini-silcon Wilicon Wilion Commiltime. "Umama wam uthathe umhlala-phantsi, kodwa iingcebiso zakhe kunye neengcebiso zisabalasele. Ulawulo olutsha luzibophelele ekuhlawuleni yonke imizobo yethu ngoJulayi 31 [2023]."
Umphathi wakhe, uPesang Nombu Tamang, wathi abanini batsha babengekahlali ngaphakathi kwaye kungekudala bahlawula iprimiyamu yabo, ukongeza ukuba i-Pujo ihlawulwe ngexesha. I-SOBHEDEBEBOACOMBI's Enghente ye-Sheshila Rai yakhawuleza ukuphendula. Abasihlawulanga kakuhle.
"Umvuzo wethu wemihla ngemihla yayiyi-Rs 202, kodwa urhulumente waphakamisa ukuya kwi-232. Nangona abanini besaziswa ngenxa yolwando lukaJuni, sifanelekile ukuba sifumane umvuzo omtsha ngoJanuwari," utshilo. "Umniniyo akazange ahlawule."
Ngokwe-2021 yokufunda epapashwe kwijenali yamazwe aphesheya kolawulo lwezomthetho kunye noluntu, abaphathi bezilwanyana, abaphathi beTear bahlala befumana iintlungu ezibangelwa kukuvalwa kweti indawo, abasoyikisayo xa becela umvuzo okanye umphakamo. "Esi songelo sokuvalwa sibeka imeko enesiphelo kwinkoliseko yabaphathi kunye nabasebenzi kufuneka bathobele."
"Abaqhathayo abakaze bafumane imali yokugcina indawo kunye neengcebiso ... nokuba [abanini] banyanzelwa ukuba bakwenze oko, bahlala behlawula imali efunyenwe ngexesha labo ebukhobokeni," utshilo uTamang.
Ubunini bomhlaba bokubambana phakathi kwabanini betiyo kunye nabasebenzi. Abanini bathi abantu bagcina amakhaya abo kwizimilo zeti nokuba abasebenzi kumasimi, ngelixa abasebenzi besithi banikwe amalungelo omhlaba ngenxa yokuba iintsapho zabo bahlala behlala ezweni.
I-Chirimar yeTeatop Tea ithethile ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-40 pesenti yabantu abakwi-Esmator Tea Hartial Hard. "Abantu baya eSingapore kunye neDubai emsebenzini, kunye neentsapho zabo apha ngoku urhulumente kufuneka athabathe amanyathelo akhululekileyo sokuqinisekisa ukuba yonke intsapho kwisigaba seti ithumela egadini."
Imanyano rail rai, unobhala odibeneyo we-Terai Dooors Chia Kaman Mazdoor Union eDarjeeling, i-Tea ikhuphe "abasebenzi ababavumelayo ukuba bakhe izindlu zabo kwizinto zabo. Kutheni le nto bayishiya indlu abayakhayo?
URai, okukwisithethi seForum yase-United (HILD), umanyano lwabasebenzi obahlukeneyo bezopolitiko kwi-Darjeling kunye ne-KalimPong, i-KalimPong, i-KalimPong, i-KalimPong, i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (i-Patta (iXesha elide.
Kungenxa yokuba abanayo izenzo okanye ukuqeshisa, abasebenzi abanakho ukubhalisa ipropathi yabo ngezicwangciso zeinshurensi.
I-Manju Rai, i-tesmbler kwi-Tukviar Tea kwi-CD Puljeeling, ayikhange ifumane imbuyekezo yekhaya lakhe, elanakaliswe kakhulu ngumhlaba. "Indlu endala eyakhe yawa [ngenxa yendawo yomhlaba kulo nyaka uphelileyo]," utshilo, ukongeza ukuba iintiyo ze-qambo, iingxowa ezindala ezigciniweyo kwintshabalalo epheleleyo. Andinayo imali yokwakha enye indlu. Bobabini abantwana bam basebenza ezothutho. Nditsho nengeniso yabo ayonelanga. Nakuphi na uncedo oluza kuba lukhulu. "
IPalamente yeKomiti yePalamente ibisithi inkqubo ethi "Ngokucacileyo iphantsi kwempumelelo yentshukumo yomhlaba yelizwe ngokuthintela abasebenzi be-TEA ukuba banandiphe amalungelo abo asisiseko."
URai uthi ibango le-parja patta liye laqhubeka ukusukela ngo-2013. Uye wathi ngelixa abanyuliweyo be-tea raju bazise umthetho wokubonelela abasebenzi beTeja. " . Amaxesha ayatshintsha, albest kancinci. "
I-Dibandi Bhattacharna, unobhala odibeneyo we-Bengal Bengal Bengal ye-Bengal ye-Bengal kunye nezolimo kunye neembacu kunye nokuhlaziya kunye nokuvuselelwa, nto leyo ephatha i-ofisi enye yononobhala wenkonzo, yenqabile ukuthetha ngalo mbandela. Iifowuni eziphindaphindiweyo zezi: "Andigunyaziswanga ukuba ndingathethi kumajelo eendaba."
Ngesicelo soonobhala, i-imeyile yathunyelwa kunobhala ngephepha lemibuzo elineenkcukacha ebuza ukuba kutheni iti leyo inganikwanga amalungelo eti. Siza kuhlaziya ibali xa uphendula.
URajeshvi Pradan, umbhali ovela kwiYunivesithi yeSizwe yeSizwe, wabhala kwiphepha lama-2021 ekuxhaphazweni kwezabasebenzi ngaphandle koloyiko lokuphulukana ne-tea. "
Iingcali zithi unobangela we-tia yabasebenzi be-TEA ubulali bokunyanzelwa okukhohlakeleyo okanye obuthathaka boMthetho weMisebenzi ye-1951. Zonke izihlalo zeti ibhaliwe yibhodi yeti ye-India eDarjeeling, i-Terai kunye neminyaka ixhomekeke kulo mthetho. Ngenxa yoko, bonke abasebenzi kunye neentsapho ezisisigxina kwezi gadi zinelungelo lokungenelwa phantsi komthetho.
Phantsi koMthetho weMisebenzi yeSityalo, ngo-1956, urhulumente wase-West Bengal wafumana uMthetho weZityalo ze-Bengal West Bengal Sumation, ka-1956 ukwenzela ukuba uMthetho oPhakathi. Nangona kunjalo, uSherpas noTamang bathi phantse onke amaNqanaba angama-449 kaNorth Bengal anokungayeki ngokulula nemigaqo yokuchaza.
Umthetho weSityalo seSipapathi uthi ukuba "wonke umqeshi unoxanduva lokubonelela nokugcina izindlu ezifanelekileyo kubo bonke abasebenzi namalungu eentsapho zabo abahlala kumatyala." Abanini be-tei bathetha ukuba umhlaba wasimahla wawunika iminyaka eyi-100 eyadlulayo sisitokhwe sabo izindlu kunye neentsapho zabo.
Kwelinye icala, ngaphezulu kwama-150 amafama amancinci amancinci angayikhathalelanga uMthetho weZityalo zeSipapathi ka-1951 kuba esebenza ngaphantsi kweehektare ezingaphantsi kweehektare ezi-5 ngaphandle kommiselo, watsho uSherpa.
UManuju, omazini awonakaliswa ngumhlaba, unelungelo lokuhlawulwa phantsi komThetho weZityalo zoMsebenzi we-1951.
Ikomiti emileyo yePalamente yaphawula ukuba "i-dummies ilwelwe ngamalungelo abo kumalungelo abo, hayi kuphela ukuba uphile, kodwa de ungcwabe amalungu osapho lwawo abafileyo." IKomiti iphakamisa umthetho othi "ukwamkela amalungelo kunye nezihloko zabasebenzi abancinci nabasesingathanga abemi kuwo umhlaba kunye nezixhobo zookhokho babo."
UMthetho woKhuseleko lwezityalo ngo-2018 ukhutshwe yiBhodi yeTea inikezwe ukuba abasebenzi banikwe ukhuseleko lwentloko, iibhutsi, iigloves, ii-orons kunye nezinye iichemicals ezitshabalaliswe emasimini.
Abasebenzi bakhalaza malunga nomgangatho kunye nokungakwazi izixhobo ezitsha njengoko kunxiba okanye kuyaphula ixesha elingaphezulu. "Asifumananga i-goggles xa kufuneka sibe nayo. Nokuba sifanele ukuba sibe. "[Umphathi] wenza ngathi wayehlawula izixhobo zethu kwipokotho yakhe. Kodwa ukuba ngenye imini siphosile umsebenzi kuba sasingenazo iigloves okanye nantoni na, ngekhe aphoswe intlawulo yethu." .
UJowila wathi iigloves azikhusela izandla zakhe kwiphunga elinetyhefu yamayeza abulala amayeza awalichitha kumagqabi eti. "Ukutya kwethu ukuvumba nje ngeentsuku esikhutshiwe." Sukuyisebenzisa kwakhona. Sukuba nexhala, silimi. Singatya kwaye siyigaye nantoni na. "
Ingxelo yokuziphatha ye-2022 efumanise ukuba abasetyhini abasebenza kubafazi abasebenza kwi-Tean Bengal bavezwa zizifo zinetyhefu, i-herbicides kunye nezichumisi, umbono ocacileyo, umthambo wokuphefumla, ukugaya kunye nokugaya kunye nokugaya.