Xa sikhankanya iti, kubonakala ngathi siva ivumba eliluhlaza, elitsha, nelinuka kamnandi. Iti, ezelwe phakathi kwezulu nomhlaba, yenza abantu bazive bezolile kwaye benoxolo. Amagqabi eti, ukusuka ekukhetheni igqabi elinye ukuya kubuna, ukomisa ilanga, kwaye ekugqibeleni ajike abe livumba elimnandi ngolwimi, asondelelene "noluhlaza". Ngoko ke, zingaphi iindlela ezinokusetyenzwa ngazo iti?

1. Ukulungiswa kweti
Into ebizwa ngokuba yi-fixation ibhekisela ekutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu zamagqabi amatsha. Iukulungiswa kwetiinkqubo ibandakanya ukuthatha amanyathelo obushushu obuphezulu ukuguqula ngokukhawuleza imixholo yamagqabi amatsha. Njengoko kusaziwa, iti iqulethe into ebizwa ngokuba yi-enzyme, eyi-biological macromolecule enomsebenzi we-biocatalytic. I-biocatalyst inokukhawulezisa okanye icothise isantya se-biochemical reactions, kodwa ayitshintshi indlela kunye neemveliso zokusabela. Ii-Enzymes ubukhulu becala zenziwe ngeeprotheni (ezimbalwa ziyi-RNA), kwaye umsebenzi wazo uphenjelelwa lula zizinto ezifana nobushushu kunye nokusingqongileyo kweekhemikhali (ezifana nexabiso le-pH).
Ii-Enzymes zenza umonakalo ongenakulungiseka kwiprotheni yesakhiwo semolekyuli phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu, okukhokelela ekulahlekelweni ngokupheleleyo komsebenzi we-enzyme. "Ukubuna" kwamagqabi eti kusebenzisa ipropathi yokucima ubushushu obuphezulu be-enzymes ukuthintela kwangexesha umsebenzi we-oxidase kumagqabi amatsha.

Eyona njongo iphambili yokulungiswa kweti kukusebenzisa ubushushu obuphezulu ukutshabalalisa umsebenzi we-polyphenol oxidase kumagqabi amatsha ngexesha elifutshane, inhibit i-polyphenol enzyme catalyzed oxidation, kwaye yenza imixholo yenze iimpawu zomgangatho weti yePu'er njengombala. , ivumba, kunye nencasa phantsi kwentshukumo engeyiyo enzymatic. I-Qingqing isenokususa ukufuma okuthile, ijike amagqabi ukusuka kolukhuni ukuya kuthambile, ikwenza kube lula ukuxova nokumila. Ukongeza, ukubuna kunokususa ivumba lengca lamagqabi amatsha, kuvumela amagqabi eti ukuba akhuphe ivumba leti elimnandi. Ngamafutshane, ukutshabalalisa umbutho kunye nesakhiwo samagqabi amatsha, ukuguqula imilo kunye nomgangatho wamagqabi amatsha, kunye nokubeka isiseko esihle somgangatho owodwa wamagqabi eti zombini iinjongo zokubuna kunye nesiseko esisisiseko samanyathelo obugcisa obunayo.

2 Ukutshiswa lilanga

Amagqabi amatsha awomiswe lilanga emva kokulungiswa kunye nokuqengqeleka abizwa ngokudibeneyo ngokuba "yiti eluhlaza okomisiwe elangeni". Iti yePu'er ekhethekileyo kaYunnan kufuneka yomiswe elangeni ngaphambi kokuba iguqulwe ibe yiti yePu'er. Ukomiswa kwelanga, njengoko igama libonisa, kubhekiselele kwinkqubo yokomisa iti ekrwada eyomiswe ngelanga. Ukomisa ilanga kubhekiselele kwindlela yokomisa iti ekrwada, hayi indlela yokubuna. Inkqubo yesiqhelo yokuvelisa iti yePu'er yile: ukukha, ukusasaza ngokutsha, ukubuna, ukupholisa, ukuqengqeleka, kunye nokomisa. Ukomisa ilanga yinkqubo yokomisa emva kokuqengqeleka. Umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kweti eyomisiweyo elangeni kunye nezinye iindlela zokomisa ezifana ne-stir frying kunye nokomisa "bubushushu". Inkqubo yokomisa i-stir frying kunye nokumisa inokushisa okuphezulu, okunqumla ngokusisiseko ubomi be-enzyme esebenzayo kumagqabi eti, ngelixa i-tea eyomileyo yelanga ihluke. Ukukhanya kwelanga kwendalo kunye nobushushu obuphantsi bugcina ukukhula okunokwenzeka kwezinto ezisebenzayo. Iti eyomileyo yelanga inomzimba okhululekileyo kunye nomnyama, kwaye iti eyomileyo inencasa ecacileyo yelanga. Le ncasa yomisiwe yelanga inika ivumba elitsha leentyatyambo zendalo kunye nezityalo, kwaye ivumba lihlala ixesha elide kwaye incasa icocekile emva kokwenziwa kotywala. Ukugcakamela ilanga kukwadala amandla okugcina ixesha elide leti yePu'er, ethi ibe nevumba elimnandi ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba "ukomisa ilanga" akuyimfuneko. Kwiintsuku zemvula okanye ezinamafu, ukomisa okanye iindlela zokomisa umthunzi nazo zingaqwalaselwa, kodwa kufuneka zenziwe kumaqondo aphantsi, eyona nto ingundoqo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba iqondo lokushisa akufanele lidlule i-60 degrees. Nangona iqondo eliphantsi lokumisa indlela yokomisa ilanga lide, ligcina incasa yokuqala kunye nezinto ezisebenzayo zeti. Ukuqinisekisa ubushushu obuphantsi obufanelekileyo ngumahluko obalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa phakathi kweti yePu erh kunye neti eluhlaza. Iti eluhlaza isebenzisa inzala yobushushu obuphezulu ukunyusa ivumba layo, kodwa ugcino olulandelayo alunakufikelela kwisiphumo "sePu erh esinevumba elimnandi kakhulu". Inokuthi isetyenziswe kuphela ngexesha elilinganiselweyo, ngaphandle koko isobho setiyi siya kuba buthathaka kwaye silahlekelwe yixabiso xa sigcinwe ixesha elide. Iti yePu erh yimveliso ecothayo, imveliso yexesha, ekwabandakanya "umsebenzi ocothayo uvelisa umsebenzi olungileyo" kwinkqubo yokuvelisa.

ukuqhotsa iti kunye nokubhaka iti eluhlaza

I-stir-frying kunye nokubhaka iti eluhlaza kuyinxalenye yenkqubo yokuvelisa iti eluhlaza. Injongo yazo zombini iyafana, kukusebenzisa ubushushu obuphezulu ukumisa inkqubo yokubiliswa kwamagqabi eti. Umahluko kukuba enye i-stir-frying kwi-pan yokushisa yensimbi ephezulu, kwaye enye ibhaka ngokuthe ngqo kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. I-stir-frying green tea ibhekisela kwinkqubo yokusebenzisa umlilo ophantsi ukubuna amagqabi eti embizeni ngexesha lokuveliswa kwamagqabi eti. Isiqulatho samanzi samagqabi eti sikhawuleza sibe ngumphunga nge-manual rolling, evimba inkqubo yokuvutshelwa kwamagqabi eti kwaye igcine ngokupheleleyo ingundoqo yejusi yeti.

Iti eluhlaza ebunayo, yasongwa, yaza yomiswa ibizwa ngokuba yiti yokubhaka eluhlaza. Ukubhaka iti eluhlaza yinkqubo yokomisa yobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye amagqabi eti enziwe ahlala enevumba elimnandi. Ke ngoko, abanye abarhwebi baxube iti eluhlaza ebhakiweyo kunye neti yePu'er ukomeleza ivumba lamagqabi eti, kodwa ayincedi kuguquko lwamva lweti yePu'er, ke abathengi kufuneka balumke xa bethenga.
Iti eluhlaza ebhakiweyo kunye neti eluhlaza eqhotsiweyo ayinakusetyenziswa njengemathiriyeli ekrwada yeti yePu'er, kwaye akufuneki isetyenziswe ukwenza iti yePu'er. I-Pu'er tea fermentation ikakhulu ixhomekeke kwi-auto-oxidation yeti eluhlaza yomiswe lilanga ngokwayo, i-enzymatic oxidation ye-polyphenols, kunye nesenzo se-microorganisms. Ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu bokubuna kweti eluhlaza egcadiweyo kunye neqhotsiweyo, i-polyphenol oxidase iyagqithiswa kwaye itshatyalaliswe. Ukongezelela, ukushisa okuphezulu kunye nokoma okukhawulezayo kusetyenziswa xa kumisa itiye eluhlaza, eyonakalisa ngakumbi i-polyphenol oxidase. Ukongezelela, umxholo wamanzi weti eluhlaza ethosiweyo kunye neqhotsiweyo iphantsi, kwaye "ukuguga kwendalo" akukwazi ukugqitywa. Ke ngoko, ayifanelekanga ukuba isetyenziswe kwiti yePu'er.

Okuluhlaza okushushu/okudume kakhulu 'kwematcha'

Ukuphunga iti eluhlaza kukwayinxalenye yenkqubo yokuvelisa iti eluhlaza. Ukuphunga iti eluhlaza yeyona iti yokuqala eyasungulwa eTshayina yamandulo. Isebenzisa umphunga ukuthambisa amagqabi eti amatsha, emva koko iqengqeleke kwaye yomise. Iti eluhlaza eqhumayo ihlala ineempawu ezintathu eziluhlaza "zombala oluhlaza, isuphu eluhlaza, kunye namagqabi aluhlaza", ezintle kwaye ziyahenda. Iti eluhlaza eshushu yeyona nto iphambili kwiti yaseJapan eluhlaza, kwaye iti esetyenziswa kumsitho weti yaseJapan yeyona “matcha” idumileyo kwihlabathi kwiti eluhlaza.