Njengoko iminyaka yokutyala igadi yeti kunye nendawo yokutyala isanda,oomatshini begadi yetidlala indima ekhulayo ekulimeni iti. Ingxaki ye-acidification yomhlaba kwiigadi zeti ibe yindawo yophando kwintsimi yomgangatho wokusingqongileyo womhlaba. Uluhlu lwe-pH lomhlaba olulungele ukukhula kwemithi yeti yi-4.0 ~ 6.5. Imekobume ye-pH ephantsi kakhulu iya kuthintela ukukhula kunye nemetabolism yemithi yeti, ichaphazele ukuchuma komhlaba, inciphise isivuno seti kunye nomgangatho, kwaye isoyikise kakhulu imeko yendalo yendalo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweegadi zeti. Ukwazisa indlela yokubuyisela iigadi zeti kule miba ilandelayo

1Ukuphuculwa kweekhemikhali

Xa ixabiso le-pH lomhlaba lingaphantsi kwe-4, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqikelele ukusebenzisa imichiza yokuphucula umhlaba. Okwangoku, i-dolomite powder isetyenziswa kakhulu ukunyusa umhlaba pH. I-Dolomite powder yenziwe ngokukodwa nge-calcium carbonate kunye ne-magnesium carbonate. Emva kokusebenzisa aumatshini wokulima wasefamaukukhulula umhlaba, ufefe umgubo wamatye ngokulinganayo. Emva kokuba igalelwe emhlabeni, i-carbonate ion isabela ngokwekhemikhali kunye ne-acidic ion, ebangela ukuba izinto ezine-asidi zisetyenziswe kunye nomhlaba we-pH ukwandisa. Ukongeza, isixa esikhulu se-calcium kunye ne-magnesium ion inokunyusa amandla otshintshiselwano lwe-cation yomhlaba kwaye inciphise kakhulu isiqulatho se-aluminiyam esinokutshintshiselana ngayo emhlabeni. Xa umyinge wokufakwa komgubo wedolomite ungaphezulu kwe-1500 kg/hm², ingxaki yokugalelwa kweasidi yomhlaba kwizitiya zeti iphucuka kakhulu.

2Uphuculo lwebhayoloji

I-Biochar iya kufunyanwa ngokumisa imithi yeti enqunywe nguumatshini wokuthena itikunye nokutshisa kunye nokuqhekeka phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokushisa. Njenge-conditioner ekhethekileyo yomhlaba, i-biochar inamaqela amaninzi asebenzayo aqukethe i-oksijini kumphezulu wayo, uninzi lwe-alkaline. Inokuphucula ubumuncu kunye ne-alkalinity yomhlaba wefama, yandise umthamo wotshintshiselwano lwe-cation, inciphise umxholo weeasidi ezinokutshintshiselwa, kwaye iphucule amandla omhlaba okugcina amanzi kunye nesichumisi. I-Biochar nayo ityebile kwizinto zamaminerali, ezinokukhuthaza ukuhamba ngebhayisikile yezondlo zomhlaba kunye nokukhula kwezityalo kunye nophuhliso, kunye nokutshintsha isakhiwo soluntu se-microorganisms zomhlaba. Ukufaka i-30 t/hm² yebhayo-black carbon ingaphucula kakhulu imekobume yeasidi yomhlaba wegadi yeti.

3 ukuphuculwa kwezinto eziphilayo

Isichumisi se-Organic sicutshungulwa kwi-organic matter, ukususa izinto ezinobuthi kunye nokugcina izinto ezahlukeneyo eziluncedo. Ukuphuculwa komhlaba owenziwe ngeasidi kunokusebenzisa izichumiso ezingathathi hlangothi okanye ezine-alkaline kancinci ukulungisa imeko-bume yomhlaba eneasidi kunye nokugcina ukukhululwa okucothayo kwexesha elide lokuchuma ngelixa kubonelela ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zezondlo. Nangona kunjalo, izondlo eziqulethwe kwizichumisi eziphilayo kunzima ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo zizityalo. Emva kokuba iintsholongwane ziphindaphindeka, zikhule zize zitshintshwe, ngokuthe ngcembe zinokukhupha izinto eziphilayo ezinokufunxwa zizityalo, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula ubume bomhlaba nemichiza. Ukusebenzisa izilungiso ze-organic-inorganic composite acidifying kumhlaba oneasidi kwizitiya zeti kunokunyusa ngokufanelekileyo i-pH yomhlaba kunye nokuchuma komhlaba, ukongeza ii-ion ezisisiseko ezahlukeneyo kunye nokwandisa amandla okugcina umhlaba.

4 uphuculo olutsha

Ezinye iintlobo ezintsha zezinto zokulungisa ziqala ukuvela ekulungiseni nasekuphuculeni umhlaba. Ii-microorganisms zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha kwezondlo zomhlaba kwaye zichaphazela ubume bomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zomhlaba. Ukugalela izitofu zemicrobial kumhlaba wesitiya yeti kusetyenziswa aisitshiziinokuphucula ukusebenza kweentsholongwane zomhlaba, yandise ubuninzi bentsholongwane yomhlaba, kwaye iphucule ngokubonakalayo izikhombisi ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuchuma. I-Bacillus amyloides inokuphucula umgangatho kunye nesivuno seti, kwaye isiphumo esihle sifumaneka xa inani elipheleleyo lamakholoni li-1.6 × 108 cfu / mL. Ipolima ephezulu yemolekyuli ikwangumphuculi omtsha osebenzayo wepropathi yomhlaba. Iipolymers zeMacromolecular zinokunyusa inani lee-macroaggregates zomhlaba, zandise i-porosity, kwaye ziphucule ubume bomhlaba. Ukugalela iPolyacrylamide kumhlaba oneasidi kunokunyusa ixabiso le-pH yomhlaba ukuya kumlinganiselo othile kunye nokulawula ngcono iimpawu zomhlaba.

5. Ukuchumisa okufanelekileyo

Ukufakwa kwezichumisi ngemichiza ngokungakhethiyo ngomnye woonobangela ababalulekileyo bobumuncu bomhlaba. Izichumisi zemichiza zinokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza umxholo wezondlo zomhlaba wegadi yeti. Umzekelo, ukuchumisa okungalungelelananga kunokukhokelela ekungalinganini kwezondlo zomhlaba ezinokuzenza mandundu ngokulula iimeko zokusabela komhlaba. Ngokukodwa, ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide le-unilateral yezichumisi ze-asidi, izichumisi ze-asidi ye-physiological okanye izichumisi ze-nitrogen ziya kukhokelela kwi-acidification yomhlaba. Ngoko ke, ukusebenzisa aisisasazi sesichumisoingasasaza isichumiso ngokulinganayo. Iigadi zeti akufanele zigxininise ukusetyenziswa kokuphela kwesichumisi se-nitrogen, kodwa kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kwisicelo esidibeneyo se-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium kunye nezinye izinto. Ukuze ulungelelanise izondlo zomhlaba kunye nokuthintela i-asidi yomhlaba, ngokweempawu zokufunxa kwezichumisi kunye neempawu zomhlaba, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe umanyolo wokuvavanya umhlaba okanye udibanise kwaye usebenzise izichumisi ezininzi.