Ukuvundiswa yinkqubo ephambili ekusetyenzweni kweti emnyama. Emva kokuvuthwa, umbala weqabunga utshintsha ukusuka eluhlaza ukuya kubomvu, wenze iimpawu zekhwalithi yesobho seqabunga elibomvu leti. Undoqo wokuvutshelwa kweti emnyama kukuba phantsi kokuqengqeleka kwamagqabi, ukwakheka kwezicubu zeeseli zegqabi kutshatyalaliswa, i-semi permeable vacuolar membrane iyonakala, ukwanda kokungena, kwaye izinto ze-polyphenolic ziqhagamshelwe ngokupheleleyo nee-oxidases, zibangela ukuphendulwa kwe-enzymatic ye-polyphenolic. iikhompawundi kunye nokuvelisa uluhlu lwe-oxidation, i-polymerization, i-condensation kunye nezinye iimpendulo, ukwenza izinto ezinemibala ezifana ne-theaflavins kunye ne-thearubigins, ngelixa uvelisa izinto ezinamavumba akhethekileyo.

Umgangatho weukubila kweti emnyamainxulumene nezinto ezifana nobushushu, ukufuma, ukunikezelwa kweoksijini, kunye nobude benkqubo yokubila. Ngokwesiqhelo, ubushushu begumbi bulawulwa malunga ne-20-25 ℃, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba kugcinwe ubushushu bamagqabi avundisiweyo malunga nama-30 ℃. Ukugcina ukufuma komoya ngaphezu kwe-90% kunenzuzo ekuphuculeni umsebenzi we-polyphenol oxidase kunye nokuququzelela ukubunjwa kunye nokuqokelela kwe-theaflavins. Ngexesha lokuvuthwa, inani elikhulu le-oksijini liyadingeka, ngoko kubalulekile ukugcina umoya omhle kwaye ubeke ingqalelo ekutshitshisweni kobushushu kunye nomoya. Ubunzima bokusasazeka kwamagqabi buchaphazela umoya kunye nobushushu bamagqabi. Ukuba igqabi lisasazeka kakhulu, ukungena komoya okungahambi kakuhle kuya kwenzeka, kwaye ukuba ukusasazeka kweqabunga kuncinci kakhulu, ubushushu beqabunga abuyi kugcinwa lula. Ubukhulu bamagqabi asasaza ngokubanzi buyi-10-20 cm, kwaye amagqabi amancinci kunye nemilo yamagqabi amancinci kufuneka asasazwe kancinci; Amagqabi amadala kunye nokumila kwamagqabi amakhulu kufuneka asasazwe atyebe. Sabalalisa kakhulu xa ubushushu buphantsi; Xa ubushushu buphezulu, kufuneka busasazwe kancinci. Ubude bexesha lokuvundiswa buyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokuvubela, iqondo lokuqengqeleka, umgangatho wamagqabi, udidi lweti, kunye nexesha lemveliso, kwaye kufuneka lusekelwe ekuvubeleni okuphakathi. Ixesha lokubiliswa kweti emnyama yeMingyou Gongfu ngokuqhelekileyo ziiyure ezi-2-3

Iqondo lokubilisa kufuneka lihambelane nomgaqo "wokukhetha ukukhanya kunobunzima", kwaye umgangatho ophakathi kukuba: amagqabi avundisiweyo alahlekelwa livumba lawo eliluhlaza kunye nengca, abe nevumba elimnandi lentyatyambo kunye neziqhamo, kwaye amagqabi ajika abebomvu ngombala. Ubunzulu bombala wamagqabi avundisiweyo buhluka kancinci ngokwexesha kunye neminyaka kunye nokuthamba kwamagqabi amatsha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iti yasentwasahlobo ibomvu tyheli, ngelixa iti yasehlotyeni ibomvu tyheli; Amagqabi athambileyo anombala obomvu ofanayo, ngelixa amagqabi amadala ebomvu kunye nombala oluhlaza. Ukuba ukuvutshelwa akwanelanga, iphunga lamagqabi eti liya kuba lingcolile, kunye ne-greenish tint. Emva kokuphuza, umbala wesobho uya kuba bomvu, ukunambitheka kuya kuba luhlaza kunye ne-astringent, kwaye amaqabunga aya kuba neentyatyambo eziluhlaza phantsi. Ukuba ukuvutshelwa kugqithise, amaqabunga eti aya kuba nevumba eliphantsi kwaye lincinci, kwaye emva kokuphuza, umbala wesobho uya kuba bomvu, umnyama, kunye namafu, kunye nencasa ecacileyo kunye namaqabunga abomvu namnyama anemicu emininzi emnyama ezantsi. Ukuba ivumba limuncu, libonisa ukuba ukubila kuye kwagqithisa.

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubiliswa kweti emnyama, kubandakanywa ukuvutshelwa kwendalo, igumbi lokubilisa, kunye nomatshini wokubilisa. Ukuvundiswa kwendalo yeyona ndlela yemveli yokuvubela, ebandakanya ukubeka amagqabi aqengqelekayo kwibhaskithi yoqalo, uwagqume ngelaphu elifumileyo, kwaye uwabeke kwindawo engaphakathi engena umoya. Igumbi lokuvundisa liyindawo ezimeleyo emiselwe ngokukodwa kwindawo yokusebenzela yokulungisa iti yokubiliswa kweti emnyama. Oomatshini bokubila baphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza kwaye basetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yokukwazi ukufikelela kulawulo lobushushu kunye nokufuma ngexesha lokuvutshelwa.

Okwangoku, oomatshini bokubila baqulunqwe ngoomatshini abaqhubekayo bokubila kunye nekhabhathiOomatshini bokubilisa iti.

Umatshini wokubilisa oqhubekayo unesakhiwo esisisiseko esifana nesomisi sepleyiti yekhonkco. Amagqabi alungisiweyo asasazwa ngokulinganayo kwipleyiti yamagqabi alikhulu ukuze avundiswe. Ibhedi yepleyiti elikhulu iqhutywa luthungelwano oluguquguqukayo oluqhubekayo kwaye luxhotyiswe ngokungenisa umoya, ukufuma, kunye nezixhobo zohlengahlengiso lobushushu. Ifanelekile kwimigca yemveliso ezenzekelayo eqhubekayo yeti emnyama.

Uhlobo lwebhokisioomatshini bokubilisa iTea emnyamaziza kwiindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ezinesakhiwo esisisiseko esifana noomatshini bokubhaka kunye nencasa. Banobushushu obuzinzileyo kunye nolawulo lokufuma, unyawo oluncinci, kunye nokusebenza lula, okubenza bafanelekele amashishini amancinci naphakathi okulungisa iti.

Umatshini wokuvutshelwa kwetiyi ebomvu ngokuyinhloko usombulula iingxaki zokuxuba okunzima, ukungena komoya okwaneleyo kunye nokunikezelwa kweoksijini, umjikelezo omde wokuvutshelwa, kunye nokuqwalaselwa okunzima kweemeko zokusebenza kwizixhobo zendabuko zokuvutshelwa. Yamkela i-scraper ejikelezayo ejikelezayo kunye ne-flexible scraper isakhiwo, kwaye inemisebenzi efana nesimo sokuvutshelwa esibonakalayo, ukujika kwexesha, ukushisa okuzenzekelayo kunye nokulawula ukufuma, kunye nokutya okuzenzekelayo kunye nokukhupha.

IINGCEBISO

Iimfuno zokusekwa kwamagumbi okuvundisa:

1. Igumbi lokuvutshelwa lisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-fermentation yeti emnyama emva kokuqengqeleka, kwaye ubungakanani kufuneka bufaneleke. Indawo kufuneka imiselwe ngokwencopho yemveliso yeshishini.
2. Iingcango kunye neefestile kufuneka zimiselwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kube lula ukungena komoya kwaye kuthintelwe ukukhanya kwelanga.
3. Kungcono ukuba kubekho umgangatho wesamente onemisele ejikelezileyo ukwenzela ukugungxulwa lula, kwaye kungabikho zikona zifileyo ekunzima ukuzigungxula.
4. Ukufudumeza kwangaphakathi kunye nezixhobo zokufuma kufuneka zifakwe ukulawula ubushushu bangaphakathi ngaphakathi koluhlu lwe-25 ℃ ukuya kwi-45 ℃ kunye nokufuma okuhambelanayo phakathi koluhlu lwe-75% ukuya kwi-98%.
5. I-Fermentation racks ifakwe ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokuvutshelwa, kunye ne-8-10 layers efakwe kwizithuba ze-25 centimeters nganye. Itreyi yokubilisa yakhiwe ngaphakathi, inobude obumalunga ne-12-15 centimeters.