Litlamorao tse khahlanong le ho ruruha le ho tlosa chefo ea tee li tlalehiloe khale joalo ka khalemelo ea litlama ea Shennong. Ka tsoelopele ea saense le theknoloji, batho ba lefa ho feta
le tlhokomelo e eketsehileng mosebetsing oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo oa tee. Tee e ruile ka li-polyphenols tsa tee, li-polysaccharides tsa tee, theanine, caffeine le likarolo tse ling tse sebetsang. E na le monyetla oa ho thibela botenya, lefu la tsoekere, ho ruruha ho sa foleng le mafu a mang.
Limela tsa mala li nkoa e le "setho sa bohlokoa sa "metabolic" le "endocrine organ", e entsoeng ka likokoana-hloko tse ka bang 100trillion ka maleng. Limela tsa mala li amana haufi-ufi le ketsahalo ea botenya, lefu la tsoekere, khatello ea mali le mafu a mang.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, liphuputso tse ntseng li eketseha li fumane hore phello e ikhethang ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo ea tee e ka bakoa ke tšebelisano pakeng tsa tee, likarolo tse sebetsang le limela tsa mala. Lingoliloeng tse ngata li netefalitse hore tee ea polyphenols e nang le bioavailability e tlase e ka monngoa le ho sebelisoa ke likokoana-hloko tse ka maleng a maholo, e leng se bakang melemo ea bophelo bo botle. Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa oa ho sebelisana pakeng tsa tee le limela tsa mala ha o hlake. Ebang ke phello e tobileng ea metabolites ea likarolo tse sebetsang tsa tee ka ho kenya letsoho ha likokoana-hloko, kapa phello e sa tobang ea tee e susumetsang kholo ea likokoana-hloko tse itseng tse molemo ka maleng ho hlahisa metabolite e molemo.
Ka hona, pampiri ena e akaretsa tšebelisano lipakeng tsa tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang le limela tsa mala lapeng le kantle ho naha lilemong tsa morao tjena, 'me e kopanya mokhoa oa taolo oa "tea le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang - limela tsa mala - metabolites ea mala - bophelo bo botle", e le ho fana ka maikutlo a macha bakeng sa thuto ea mosebetsi oa bophelo bo botle ba tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang.

01
Kamano pakeng tsa limela tsa mala le homeostasis ea motho
Ka tikoloho e futhumetseng le e sa arohaneng ea mala a motho, likokoana-hloko li ka hōla le ho ikatisa ka maleng a motho, e leng karolo e ke keng ea arohana ea 'mele oa motho. Microbiota e tsamaisoang ke 'mele oa motho e ka hola ka tsela e ts'oanang le nts'etsopele ea' mele oa motho, 'me ea boloka botsitso ba nakoana le mefuta-futa ea batho ba baholo ho fihlela lefung.
Limela tsa mala li ka ba le tšusumetso ea bohlokoa ho itšireletsa mafung, metabolism le tsamaiso ea methapo ka li-metabolite tsa eona tse ruileng, tse kang short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Ka maleng a batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle, Bacteroidetes le Firmicutes ke limela tse ka sehloohong, tse ikarabellang ho feta 90% ea limela tsohle tsa mala, tse lateloang ke Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, verrucomicrobia joalo-joalo.
Likokoana-hloko tse fapa-fapaneng ka maleng li kopana ka tekanyo e itseng, li thibela le ho itšetleha ka tse ling, e le ho boloka tekano ea intestinal homeostasis. Khatello ea kelello, mekhoa ea ho ja, lithibela-mafu, pH e sa tloaelehang ea mala le lintlha tse ling li tla senya botsitso ba mala, ho baka ho se leka-lekane ha limela tsa mala, 'me ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, ho baka bothata ba metabolic, ho ruruha, esita le mafu a mang a amanang. , joalo ka mafu a ka mpeng, mafu a boko joalo-joalo.
Lijo ke ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa e amang limela tsa mala. Lijo tse nang le bophelo bo botle (tse kang fiber e phahameng ea lijo, li-prebiotics, joalo-joalo) li tla khothalletsa ho ntlafatsa libaktheria tse molemo, tse kang ho eketseha ha palo ea Lactobacillus le Bifidobacterium e hlahisang SCFAs, e le ho matlafatsa kutloisiso ea insulin le ho khothalletsa bophelo bo botle ba moeti. Lijo tse sa pheleng hantle (tse kang tsoekere e phahameng le lijo tse nang le lik'halori tse phahameng) li tla fetola sebopeho sa limela tsa mala 'me li eketse karolo ea libaktheria tsa gram-negative, ha libaktheria tse ngata haholo tsa gram-negative li tla susumetsa tlhahiso ea lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ho eketsa ho phunyeha ha mala, le ho lebisa ho botenya, ho ruruha esita le endotoxemia.
Ka hona, lijo li bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho boloka le ho theha homeostasis ea limela tsa mala a moamoheli, tse amanang ka kotloloho le bophelo bo botle ba moamoheli.

02

Taolo ea tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang ho limela tsa mala
Ho fihlela joale, ho na le metsoako e fetang 700 e tsejoang ka tee, ho kenyelletsa tee polyphenols, tee polysaccharides, theanine, caffeine joalo-joalo. Liphuputso li bontšitse hore tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho se tšoane ha limela tsa mala a motho, ho kenyelletsa le ho khothalletsa kholo ea li-probiotics tse kang akkermansia, bifidobacteria le Roseburia, le ho thibela kholo ea libaktheria tse kotsi tse kang Enterobacteriaceae le Helicobacter.
1. Taolo ea tee ka limela tsa mala
Moetsong oa colitis o hlahisitsoeng ke dextran sodium sulfate, li-tea tse tšeletseng li bonahetse li na le litlamorao tsa prebiotic, tse ka eketsang haholo mefuta e fapaneng ea limela tsa mala ho litoeba tsa colitis, tsa fokotsa bongata ba libaktheria tse ka bang kotsi le ho eketsa bongata ba libaktheria tse ka bang molemo.

Huang et al. Ho fumanoe hore phekolo ea ho kenella ea tee ea Pu'er e ka fokotsa haholo ho ruruha ha mala ho bakoang ke dextran sodium sulfate; Ka nako e ts'oanang, kalafo ea ho kenella ea tee ea Pu'er e ka fokotsa bongata bo bongata ba libaktheria tse kotsi tsa Spirillum, cyanobacteria le Enterobacteriaceae, le ho khothaletsa keketseho ea bongata ba libaktheria tse molemo tsa Ackermann, Lactobacillus, muribaculum le ruminococcaceae ucg-014. Teko ea phetisetso ea baktheria ea mantle e boetse e paka hore tee ea Pu'er e ka ntlafatsa lefu la mala le bakoang ke dextran sodium sulfate ka ho khutlisa ho se leka-lekane ha limela tsa mala. Ntlafatso ena e ka ba ka lebaka la keketseho ea litaba tsa SCFAs ho cecum ea mouse le ts'ebetso ea li-receptor ka colonic peroxisome proliferators γ Keketseho ea polelo. Lithuto tsena li bonts'a hore tee e na le ts'ebetso ea prebiotic, mme ts'ebetso ea tee ea bophelo bo botle e hlahisoa bonyane ka karolo ea taolo ea eona ea limela tsa mala.

2. Taolo ea tee ea polyphenols ka limela tsa mala
Zhu et al o fumane hore ho kenella ha Fuzhuan Tea Polyphenol ho ka fokotsa haholo ho se leka-lekane ha limela tsa mala ho likhoto tse bakoang ke lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata, ho eketsa mefuta e fapaneng ea limela tsa mala, ho fokotsa karolelano ea Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes, le ho eketsa haholo bongata bo bongata ba mantlha. likokoana-hloko, ho akarelletsa akkermansia muciniphila, alloprevotella Li-Bacteroides le faecalis baculum, le liteko tsa phetisetso ea libaktheria tsa mantle li ile tsa paka hape hore phello ea tahlehelo ea boima ba Fuzhuan Tea polyphenols e amana ka kotloloho le limela tsa mala. Wu et al. Ho ipakile hore mohlala oa lefu la ho ruruha ha mala o bakoang ke dextran sodium sulfate, phello e fokotsang ea epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) ho colitis e fihleloa ka ho laola limela tsa mala. EGCG e ka ntlafatsa ka katleho bongata bo bongata ba SCFAs tse hlahisang likokoana-hloko, tse kang Ackermann le Lactobacillus. Phello ea prebiotic ea tee polyphenols e ka fokotsa ho se leka-lekane ha limela tsa mala tse bakoang ke lintlha tse mpe. Leha lekhetho le ikhethileng la baktheria le laoloang ke mehloli e fapaneng ea tee ea polyphenols e kanna ea fapana, ha ho na pelaelo hore ts'ebetso ea bophelo bo botle ea tee polyphenols e amana haufi-ufi le limela tsa mala.
3. Taolo ea tee ea polysaccharide ka limela tsa mala
Tee polysaccharides e ka eketsa mefuta e fapaneng ea limela tsa mala. Ho fumanoe ka maleng a likhoto tsa mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere hore li-polysaccharides tsa tee li ka eketsa bongata ba li-SCFA tse hlahisang likokoana-hloko tse kang lachnospira, victivallis le Rossella, ebe li ntlafatsa tsoekere le lipid metabolism. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka mohlala oa colitis o hlahisitsoeng ke dextran sodium sulfate, tee ea polysaccharide e ile ea fumanoa e khothalletsa kholo ea Bacteroides, e ka fokotsang boemo ba LPS mantleng le plasma, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea thibelo ea mala le ho thibela mala le tsamaiso. ho ruruha. Ka hona, tee ea polysaccharide e ka khothaletsa kholo ea likokoana-hloko tse ka bang molemo tse kang SCFAs le ho thibela kholo ea LPS e hlahisang likokoana-hloko, e le ho ntlafatsa sebopeho le sebopeho sa limela tsa mala le ho boloka homeostasis ea limela tsa mala a motho.
4. Taolo ea likarolo tse ling tse sebetsang ka tee ka limela tsa mala
Tea saponin, e tsejoang hape e le saponin ea tee, ke mofuta oa metsoako ea glycoside e nang le sebopeho se rarahaneng se ntšitsoeng peong ea tee. E na le boima bo boholo ba limolek'hule, polarity e matla 'me e bonolo ho qhibiliha ka metsing. Li Yu le ba bang ba ile ba fepa likonyana tse khoesitsoeng ka saponin ea tee. Liphello tsa tlhahlobo ea limela tsa mala li bontšitse hore bongata ba libaktheria tse molemo tse amanang le ho matlafatsa tšireletso ea 'mele le matla a ho sila lijo li eketsehile haholo, athe bongata ba libaktheria tse kotsi tse amanang le tšoaetso ea' mele bo fokotsehile haholo. Ka hona, saponin ea tee e na le phello e ntle ho limela tsa mala a likonyana. Ho kenella ha tee saponin ho ka eketsa mefuta e fapaneng ea limela tsa mala, ho ntlafatsa homeostasis ea mala, le ho matlafatsa sesole sa 'mele le matla a ho sila 'mele.
Ntle le moo, likarolo tsa mantlha tse sebetsang ka tee li kenyelletsa theanine le caffeine. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la bioavailability e phahameng ea theanine, caffeine le likarolo tse ling tse sebetsang, ho monya ho se ho phethiloe pele ho fihla mala a maholo, athe limela tsa mala li ajoa haholo-holo ka maleng a maholo. Ka hona, tšebelisano pakeng tsa bona le limela tsa mala ha e hlake.

03
Tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang li laola limela tsa mala
Mekhoa e ka bang teng e amang bophelo bo botle ba moeti
Lipinski le ba bang ba lumela hore metsoako e nang le bioavailability e tlaase ka kakaretso e na le litšobotsi tse latelang: (1) lik'hemik'hale tsa boima ba molek'hule> 500, logP> 5; (2) Chelete ea - Oh kapa - NH ka har'a motsoako ke ≥ 5; (3) Sehlopha sa N kapa sehlopha sa O se ka etsang hydrogen bond ka har'a motsoako ke ≥ 10. Lintho tse ngata tse sebetsang ka tee, tse kang theaflavin, thearubin, tee polysaccharide le metsoako e meng ea macromolecular, ho thata ho kenngoa ka ho toba ke 'mele oa motho. hobane li na le litšobotsi tsohle kapa karolo ea libopeho tse ka holimo.
Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso li bontšitse hore metsoako ena e ka fetoha limatlafatsi tsa limela tsa mala. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lintho tsena tse sa monngoeng li ka fetoloa lintho tse nyane tsa limolek'hule tse joalo ka li-SCFA bakeng sa ho monya le ho sebelisoa ha batho ka ho kenya letsoho ha limela tsa mala. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lintho tsena li ka boela tsa laola limela tsa mala, tsa khothalletsa kholo ea likokoana-hloko tse molemo tse hlahisang lintho tse kang SCFAs le ho thibela kholo ea likokoana-hloko tse kotsi tse hlahisang lintho tse kang LPS.
Koropatkin et al o fumane hore limela tsa mala li ka senya li-polysaccharides ka tee ho li-metabolite tsa bobeli tse laoloang ke li-SCFA ka ho senyeha ha mantlha le ho senyeha ha bobeli. Ntle le moo, tee ea polyphenols ka maleng e sa monyeng ka kotloloho le ho sebelisoa ke 'mele oa motho hangata e ka fetoha metsoako e nkhang hamonate, li-phenolic acid le lintho tse ling tlasa ts'ebetso ea limela tsa mala, e le ho bonts'a ts'ebetso e phahameng ea 'mele bakeng sa ho monya ha motho. le tšebeliso.
Liphuputso tse ngata li netefalitse hore tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang haholo li laola limela tsa mala ka ho boloka mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea likokoana-hloko tsa mala, ho khothalletsa kholo ea libaktheria tse molemo le ho thibela likokoana-hloko tse kotsi, e le ho laola metabolites ea likokoana-hloko bakeng sa ho monya le ho sebelisoa ha batho, le ho fana ka papali e feletseng. ho bohlokoa ba bophelo bo botle ba tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang. E kopantsoe le tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng, mochine oa tee, likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang le limela tsa mala tse amang bophelo bo botle ba moeti li ka 'na tsa bonahala haholo-holo likarolong tse tharo tse latelang.
1. Tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang - limela tsa mala - SCFAs - mokhoa oa ho laola bophelo bo botle ba moeti.
Liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa limela tsa mala li phahame ka makhetlo a 150 ho feta liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa motho. Phapang ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ea likokoana-hloko e etsa hore e be le li-enzyme le litsela tsa metabolic tsa biochemical tseo moeti a se nang tsona, 'me li ka kenyelletsa palo e kholo ea li-enzyme tseo' mele oa motho o se nang tsona ho fetola li-polysaccharides hore e be monosaccharides le SCFAs.
Li-SCFA li thehoa ka ho belisoa le ho fetoha ha lijo tse sa jeoang ka maleng. Ke metabolite e ka sehloohong ea likokoana-hloko tse qetellong ea mala, haholo-holo ho kenyelletsa acetic acid, propionic acid le butyric acid. Li-SCFA li nkoa li amana haufi-ufi le tsoekere le lipid metabolism, ho ruruha ha mala, tšitiso ea mala, motsamao oa mala le ts'ebetso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Moetsong oa colitis o hlahisoang ke dextran sodium sulfate, tee e ka eketsa bongata ba SCFAs tse hlahisang likokoana-hloko ka maleng a toeba le ho eketsa litaba tsa asiti ea acetic, propionic acid le butyric acid mantleng, e le ho fokotsa ho ruruha ha mala. Pu'er tea polysaccharide e ka laola haholo limela tsa mala, ea khothaletsa kholo ea li-SCFA tse hlahisang likokoana-hloko le ho eketsa litaba tsa SCFA mantleng a litoeba. Joalo ka li-polysaccharides, ho kenngoa ha tee ea polyphenols ho ka eketsa khatello ea li-SCFA le ho khothaletsa kholo ea li-SCFA tse hlahisang likokoana-hloko. Ka nako e ts'oanang, Wang et al o fumane hore ho kenngoa ha thearubicin ho ka eketsa bongata ba limela tsa mala tse hlahisang SCFAs, ho khothalletsa ho thehoa ha li-SCFA ka koloneng, haholo-holo ho thehoa ha butyric acid, ho khothalletsa beige ea mafura a tšoeu le ho ntlafatsa ho ruruha. bofokoli bo bakoang ke dijo tse mafura haholo.
Ka hona, tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang li ka khothaletsa kholo le tlhahiso ea li-SCFA tse hlahisang likokoana-hloko ka ho laola limela tsa mala, e le ho eketsa litaba tsa SCFA 'meleng le ho bapala mosebetsi o tšoanang oa bophelo bo botle.

2. Tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang - limela tsa mala - bas - mokhoa oa ho laola bophelo bo botle ba moeti.
Bile acid (BAS) ke mofuta o mong oa metsoako e nang le liphello tse ntle bophelong ba motho, e entsoeng ke hepatocyte. Li-acid tse ka sehloohong tse entsoeng ka har'a sebete li kopana le taurine le glycine 'me li kenngoa ka maleng. Ebe letoto la likarabelo tse kang dehydroxylation, isomerization e fapaneng le oxidation li etsahala tlasa ts'ebetso ea limela tsa mala, 'me qetellong ho hlahisoa li-acid tsa bobeli tsa bile. Ka hona, limela tsa mala li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho metabolism ea bas.
Ho feta moo, liphetoho tsa BAS li boetse li amana haufi-ufi le tsoekere le lipid metabolism, mokoallo oa mala le boemo ba ho ruruha. Boithuto bo bonts'itse hore tee ea Pu'er le theabrownin li ka fokotsa cholesterol le lipid ka ho thibela likokoana-hloko tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea bile salt hydrolase (BSH) le ho eketsa boemo ba li-leal bound bile acid. Ka tsamaiso e kopanetsoeng ea EGCG le caffeine, Zhu et al. Ho fumanoe hore karolo ea tee ho fokotsa mafura le ho theola boima ba 'mele e kanna ea ba hobane EGCG le caffeine li ka ntlafatsa polelo ea bile saline lyase BSH gene ea limela tsa mala, ho khothaletsa tlhahiso ea li-non conjugated bile acid, ho fetola letamo la acid ea bile, ebe ho thibela botenya. e susumetsoang ke lijo tse mafura haholo.
Ka hona, tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang li ka laola kholo le ho ikatisa ha likokoana-hloko tse amanang haufi-ufi le metabolism ea BAS, ebe li fetola letamo la acid ea bile 'meleng, e le ho bapala mosebetsi oa ho theola lipid le ho theola boima ba' mele.
3. Tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang - limela tsa mala - li-metabolite tse ling tsa mala - mokhoa oa ho laola bophelo bo botle ba moeti.
LPS, eo hape e tsejoang e le endotoxin, ke karolo e kantle ea lerako la sele ea baktheria ea Gram-negative. Liphuputso li bontšitse hore bothata ba limela tsa mala bo tla baka tšenyo ea tšitiso ea mala, LPS e kena ho potoloha ha moeti, ebe e lebisa letotong la liketso tsa ho ruruha. Zuo Gaolong et al. Ho fumanoe hore Tea ea Fuzhuan e fokolitse haholo boemo ba serum LPS ho likhoto tse nang le lefu la sebete le se nang joala, 'me palo ea libaktheria tse mpe tsa Gram ka maleng e fokotsehile haholo. Ho ile ha nahanoa hape hore Tee ea Fuzhuan e ka thibela kholo ea libaktheria tsa Gram-negative tse hlahisang LPS ka maleng.
Ntle le moo, tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang le tsona li ka laola litaba tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea metabolites ea limela tsa mala ka limela tsa mala, joalo ka mafura a mafura a mafura, li-amino acid tse nang le makala, vithamine K2 le lintho tse ling, e le ho laola tsoekere le lipid metabolism. le ho sireletsa masapo.

04
Qetello
E le e 'ngoe ea lino tse ratoang ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, ts'ebetso ea bophelo bo botle ba tee e ithutile haholo liseleng, liphoofolong esita le' meleng oa motho. Nakong e fetileng, hangata ho ne ho nahanoa hore mesebetsi ea bophelo bo botle ba tee e ne e le sterilization, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation joalo-joalo.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, thuto ea limela tsa mala e 'nile ea hohela tlhokomelo e kholo butle-butle. Ho tloha qalong ea "lefu la limela tsa mala" ho fihlela joale "lefu le tšoaetsanoang la mala a mala", le hlakisa kamano pakeng tsa lefu le limela tsa mala. Leha ho le joalo, hajoale, lipatlisiso mabapi le taolo ea tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang ka limela tsa mala li shebane haholo le ho laola lefu la mala, ho khothaletsa kholo ea libaktheria tse molemo le ho thibela kholo ea libaktheria tse kotsi, ha ho ntse ho e-na le khaello ea lipatlisiso mabapi le kamano e khethehileng pakeng tsa tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang tse laolang limela tsa mala le bophelo bo botle ba moeti.
Ka hona, ho itšetlehile ka kakaretso e hlophisitsoeng ea lithuto tsa morao-rao tse amehang, pampiri ena e theha mohopolo o ka sehloohong oa "tea le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang - limela tsa mala - mala a metabolites - bophelo bo botle", e le ho fana ka maikutlo a macha bakeng sa thuto ea mosebetsi oa bophelo bo botle. tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang.
Ka lebaka la mokhoa o sa hlakang oa "tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang - limela tsa mala - metabolites ea mala - bophelo bo botle", tebello ea nts'etsopele ea 'maraka ea tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang e le li-prebiotics li lekanyelitsoe. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, "karabelo ea lithethefatsi ka bomong" e fumanoe e amana haholo le phapang ea limela tsa mala. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka tlhahiso ea maikutlo a "meriana e nepahetseng", "phepo e nepahetseng" le "lijo tse nepahetseng", litlhoko tse phahameng li hlahisoa bakeng sa ho hlakisa kamano pakeng tsa "tea le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang - limela tsa mala - metabolites ea mala - bophelo bo botle ba baeti". Phuputsong e tlang, bafuputsi ba lokela ho hlakisa ka ho eketsehileng tšebelisano pakeng tsa tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang le limela tsa mala ka thuso ea mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea saense, e kang motsoako oa lihlopha tse ngata (tse kang macrogenome le metabolome). Mesebetsi ea bophelo bo botle ba tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka ho sebelisa mekhoa ea ho itšehla thajana le ho hloekisa mala a mala le litoeba tse nyopa. Le hoja mochine oa tee le likarolo tsa oona tse sebetsang tse laolang limela tsa mala tse amang bophelo bo botle ba moeti li sa hlake, ha ho pelaelo hore phello ea taolo ea tee le likarolo tsa eona tse sebetsang limela tsa mala ke ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa mosebetsi oa eona oa bophelo bo botle.