Kakaretso
9,10-Anthraquinone (AQ) ke tšilafalo e ka bang kotsi ea kankere 'me e hlaha tee lefatšeng ka bophara. Moeli o moholo oa masala (MRL) oa AQ ka tee e behiloeng ke European Union (EU) ke 0.02 mg/kg. Mehloli e ka bang teng ea AQ ts'ebetsong ea tee le mehato ea mantlha ea ho hlaha ha eona e ile ea fuputsoa ho ipapisitsoe le mokhoa o fetotsoeng oa tlhahlobo ea AQ le tlhahlobo ea khase ea chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Ha ho bapisoa le motlakase e le mohloli oa mocheso ts'ebetsong ea tee e tala, AQ e eketsehile ka makhetlo a 4.3 ho isa ho 23.9 ts'ebetsong ea tee ka mashala e le mohloli oa mocheso, ho feta 0.02 mg / kg, ha boemo ba AQ tikolohong bo imenne hararo. Mokhoa o ts'oanang o ile oa bonoa ts'ebetsong ea tee ea oolong tlas'a mocheso oa mashala. Mehato e nang le kamano e tobileng pakeng tsa makhasi a tee le mosi, joalo ka ho lokisa le ho omisa, e nkoa e le mehato e ka sehloohong ea tlhahiso ea AQ ts'ebetsong ea tee. Maemo a AQ a ile a eketseha ka nako ea ho kopana e ntseng e phahama, e leng se bontšang hore maemo a phahameng a AQ a silafatsang tee a ka 'na a tsoa mosi o bakoang ke mashala le mollo. Mehlala e mashome a mane ho tsoa lithupelong tse fapaneng tse nang le motlakase kapa mashala joalo ka mehloli ea mocheso li ile tsa hlahlojoa, ho tloha ho 50.0% -85.0% le 5.0% -35.0% bakeng sa ho lemoha le ho feta litekanyetso tsa AQ. Ho phaella moo, palo e phahameng ea AQ ea 0.064 mg / kg e ile ea hlokomeloa sehlahisoa sa tee se nang le mashala e le mohloli oa mocheso, e leng se bontšang hore maemo a phahameng a tšilafalo ea AQ lihlahisoa tsa tee a ka 'na a tlatsetsa ka mashala.
Mantsoe a bohlokoa: 9,10-Anthraquinone, Ho sebetsa ha tee, Mashala, mohloli oa tšilafalo
LIEKETSENG
Tee e entsoeng ka makhasi a sehlahla se lulang se le setala Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, ke se seng sa lino tse tsebahalang lefatšeng ka bophara ka lebaka la tatso e khathollang le melemo ea bophelo bo botle. Ka 2020 lefatšeng ka bophara, tlhahiso ea tee e nyolohetse ho lithane tse limilione tse 5,972, e leng se ileng sa imena habeli lilemong tse 20 tse fetileng. Ho ipapisitsoe le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso, ho na le mefuta e tšeletseng ea mantlha ea tee, ho kenyelletsa tee e tala, tee e ntšo, tee e lefifi, tee ea oolong, tee e tšoeu le tee e tšehla[2,3]. Ho netefatsa boleng le polokeho ea lihlahisoa, ho bohlokoa haholo ho beha leihlo maemo a litšila le ho hlalosa tšimoloho.

Ho hlwaya mehloli ea lintho tse silafatsang, joalo ka masalla a chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, litšepe tse boima le lintho tse ling tse silafatsang tse kang polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ke mohato o ka sehloohong oa ho laola tšilafalo. Ho fafatsa ka ho toba ka lik'hemik'hale tsa maiketsetso masimong a tee, hammoho le ho hoholeha ha moea ho bakoang ke ts'ebetso e haufi le lirapa tsa tee, ke mohloli o ka sehloohong oa masalla a chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ka har'a tee[4]. Litšepe tse boima li ka bokellana ka har'a tee 'me tsa lebisa chefong, e hlahisoang haholo ke mobu, manyolo le sepakapaka[5-7]. Ha e le tšilafalo e 'ngoe e hlahang ka mokhoa o sa lebelloang ka har'a tee, ho ne ho le thata ho tsebahatsa ka lebaka la mekhoa e rarahaneng ea ketane ea tlhahiso ea tee e kenyeletsang masimo, ho sebetsa, sephutheloana, polokelo le lipalangoang. Li-PAH tsa tee li tsoa ho behoa ha mosi oa koloi le ho chesoa ha mafura a sebelisoang nakong ea ho lokisa makhasi a tee, joalo ka patsi le mashala[8−10].

Nakong ea mollo oa mashala le patsi, litšila tse kang carbon oxides lia thehoa[11]. Ka lebaka leo, ho ka etsahala hore masala a litšila tsena tse boletsoeng ka holimo a hlahe lihlahisoa tse entsoeng, tse kang lijo-thollo, tlhapi e tsubang le tlhapi ea cat, ka mocheso o phahameng, e leng kotsi bophelong ba batho [12,13]. Li-PAH tse bakoang ke ho tuka li tsoa ho ho feto-fetoha ha li-PAH tse fupereng mafura ka boeona, ho senyeha ha mocheso o phahameng oa metsoako e nkhang hamonate le karabelo ea motsoako pakeng tsa li-radicals tsa mahala[14]. Mocheso oa mocheso, nako, le oksijene ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse amang phetoho ea li-PAH. Ka ho eketseha ha mocheso, litaba tsa PAH li ile tsa qala ho eketseha 'me tsa fokotseha,' me boleng ba tlhōrō bo etsahetse ho 800 ° C; Litaba tsa PAH li fokotsehile haholo ho latela nako ea ho tuka ha nako e ntse e eketseha ha e ne e le ka tlase ho moeli o bitsoang 'nako ea moeli', ka keketseho ea oksijene moeeng o tukang, tlhahiso ea PAH e fokotsehile haholo, empa oxidation e sa fellang e ne e tla hlahisa OPAHs le lihlahisoa tse ling [15 −17].

9,10-Anthraquinone (AQ, CAS: 84-65-1, Setšoantšo sa 1), motsoako o nang le oksijene oa PAHs [18], o na le lipotoloho tse tharo tse khutsufalitsoeng. E ne e thathamisitsoe e le ntho e ka bakang kankere (Sehlopha sa 2B) ke Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Lipatlisiso ka Kankere ka 2014[19]. AQ e ka chefo ho topoisomerase II cleavage complex le ho thibela hydrolysis ea adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ke DNA topoisomerase II, e bakang DNA ea marako a mabeli, ho bolelang hore ho pepeseha ha nako e telele tlas'a tikoloho e nang le AQ le ho kopana ka ho toba le boemo bo phahameng ba AQ. e ka lebisa tšenyo ea DNA, phetoho le ho eketsa kotsi ea mofetše[20]. E le litlamorao tse mpe bophelong ba motho, moeli oa AQ o phahameng oa masala (MRL) oa 0.02 mg/kg o ile oa beoa tee ke European Union. Ho latela lithuto tsa rona tse fetileng, li-depositi tsa AQ li khothalelitsoe e le mohloli oa mantlha nakong ea temo ea tee[21]. Hape, ho ipapisitse le litlamorao tsa liteko ts'ebetsong ea tee e tala le e ntšo ea Indonesia, ho hlakile hore boemo ba AQ bo fetohile haholo mme mosi o tsoang lisebelisoa tsa ho sebetsa o ile oa hlahisoa e le le leng la mabaka a mantlha[22]. Leha ho le joalo, tšimoloho e nepahetseng ea AQ ts'ebetsong ea tee e ile ea lula e le thata, le hoja likhopolo-taba tse ling tsa tsela ea lik'hemik'hale tsa AQ li ile tsa hlahisoa [23,24], tse bontšang hore ke habohlokoa haholo ho fumana lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse amang boemo ba AQ mosebetsing oa tee.

Setšoantšo sa 1. Mokhoa oa lik'hemik'hale oa AQ.

Ka lebaka la lipatlisiso mabapi le ho thehoa ha AQ nakong ea mollo oa mashala le kotsi e ka bang teng ea mafura ha ho etsoa tee, ho ile ha etsoa teko ea papiso ho hlalosa phello ea ho sebetsa mehloli ea mocheso ho AQ ka tee le moea, tlhahlobo ea bongata mabapi le liphetoho tsa litaba tsa AQ. mehatong e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso, e thusang ho netefatsa tšimoloho e nepahetseng, sebopeho sa ketsahalo le tekanyo ea tšilafalo ea AQ ts'ebetsong ea tee.

LIPHETHO
Netefatso ya mokgwa
Ha ho bapisoa le thuto ea rona e fetileng [21], mokhoa oa ho ntša metsi-mokelikeli o ile oa kopanngoa pele ho ente ho GC-MS/MS e le ho ntlafatsa kutloisiso le ho boloka lipolelo tsa lisebelisoa. Setšoantšong sa 2b, mokhoa o ntlafetseng o bontšitse ntlafatso e kholo ea ho hloekisoa ha sampuli, solvent e ile ea fetoha e khanyang ka 'mala. Setšoantšong sa 2a, setšoantšo se feletseng sa scan (50-350 m / z) se bontšitse hore ka mor'a ho hloekisoa, moeli oa motheo oa MS spectrum o fokotsehile ka ho hlaka 'me litlhōrō tse fokolang tsa chromatographic li ne li fumaneha, tse bontšang hore palo e kholo ea metsoako e sitisang e ile ea tlosoa ka mor'a mokelikeli o mokelikeli.

Setšoantšo sa 2. (a) Sekhahla se feletseng sa sampuli pele le ka mor'a ho hloekisa. (b) Phello ea tlhoekiso ea mokhoa o ntlafalitsoeng.
Mokhoa oa ho netefatsa, ho kenyelletsa le linearity, recovery, limit of quantitation (LOQ) le matrix effect (ME), e bontšoa ho Lethathamo la 1. Hoa khotsofatsa ho fumana linearity le coefficient of determination (r2) e phahameng ho feta 0.998, e fapaneng le 0.005 ho isa ho 0.2 mg/kg ka har'a matrix ea tee le solvent ea acetonitrile, le sampole ea moea e nang le mefuta e mengata ea 0.5 ho isa ho 8 μg/m3.

Ho hlaphoheloa ha AQ ho ile ha lekoa maemong a mararo a spiked lipakeng tsa likhakanyo tse lekantsoeng le tsa 'nete ka tee e omileng (0.005, 0.02, 0.05 mg/kg), letlobo le lecha la tee (0.005, 0.01, 0.02 mg/kg) le sampole ea moea (0.5, 1.5, 3) μg/m3). Ho tsosolosoa ha AQ ka tee ho tloha ho 77.78% ho ea ho 113.02% ka tee e omileng le ho tloha ho 96.52% ho ea ho 125.69% ka letlobo la tee, le RSD% e ka tlase ho 15%. Ho tsosolosoa ha AQ ka lisampole tsa moea ho tloha ho 78.47% ho ea ho 117.06% le RSD% ka tlase ho 20%. Motsoako o tlase oa spiked o ile oa tsejoa e le LOQ, e neng e le 0.005 mg/kg, 0.005 mg/kg le 0.5 μg/m³ ka letlobo la tee, lisampole tsa tee e omeletseng le moea, ka ho latellana. Joalokaha ho thathamisitsoe ho Lethathamo la 1, matrix a tee e omeletseng le letlobo la tee e ile ea eketsa karabelo ea AQ hanyane, e lebisang ho ME ea 109.0% le 110.9%. Ha e le matrix a lisampole tsa moea, ME e ne e le 196.1%.

Maemo a AQ nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tee e tala
Ka sepheo sa ho fumana litlamorao tsa mehloli e fapaneng ea mocheso tikolohong ea tee le ts'ebetsong, sehlopha sa makhasi a macha se ile sa aroloa ka lihlopha tse peli tse ikhethileng 'me tsa sebetsoa ka thoko lithupelong tse peli tsa tšebetso khoebong e le' ngoe. Sehlopha se seng se ne se fepeloa ka motlakase, se seng ka mashala.

Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 3, tekanyo ea AQ e nang le motlakase e le mohloli oa mocheso ho tloha ho 0.008 ho ea ho 0.013 mg / kg. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho lokisa, ho omisoa ha makhasi a tee ho bakoang ke ho sebetsa ka pitseng e nang le mocheso o phahameng ho hlahisitse keketseho ea 9.5% ea AQ. Joale, boemo ba AQ bo ile ba sala nakong ea ho roala ho sa tsotellehe tahlehelo ea lero, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore mekhoa ea 'mele e ka' na ea se ke ea ama boemo ba AQ ts'ebetsong ea tee. Ka mor'a mehato ea pele ea ho omisa, boemo ba AQ bo ile ba eketseha hanyenyane ho tloha ho 0.010 ho ea ho 0.012 mg / kg, ebe ba tsoela pele ho nyolohela ho 0.013 mg / kg ho fihlela qetellong ea ho omisa hape. Li-PF, tse bontšitseng haholo ho fapana mohatong o mong le o mong, e ne e le 1.10, 1.03, 1.24, 1.08 ka ho lokisa, ho roala, ho omisa pele le ho omisa hape, ka ho latellana. Liphetho tsa li-PF li khothalelitse hore ts'ebetso ka tlasa matla a motlakase e na le phello e nyane maemong a AQ ka tee.

Setšoantšo sa 3. Boemo ba AQ nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tee e tala ka motlakase le mashala e le mehloli ea mocheso.
Tabeng ea mashala e le mohloli oa mocheso, litaba tsa AQ li ile tsa eketseha haholo nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tee, ho tloha ho 0.008 ho ea ho 0.038 mg / kg. 338.9% AQ e ile ea eketseha ka mokhoa oa ho lokisa, ho fihla ho 0.037 mg / kg, e fetang hōle MRL ea 0.02 mg / kg e behiloeng ke European Union. Nakong ea sethala, boemo ba AQ bo ntse bo eketseha ka 5.8% leha bo le hole le mochini oa ho lokisa. Nakong ea pele ea ho omisa le ho omisa hape, litaba tsa AQ li ile tsa eketseha hanyenyane kapa tsa fokotseha hanyenyane. Li-PF tse sebelisang mashala e le mohloli oa mocheso ho lokisa, ho omisa pele le ho omisa hape e ne e le 4.39, 1.05, 0.93, le 1.05, ka ho latellana.

Ho tsoela pele ho fumana kamano pakeng tsa mollo oa mashala le tšilafalo ea AQ, litaba tse emisitsoeng (PMs) moeeng lithupelong tlas'a mehloli e 'meli ea mocheso li ile tsa bokelloa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea moea, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 4. Boemo ba AQ ba PMs ka mashala e le mohloli oa mocheso e ne e le 2.98 μg / m3, e neng e feta ka makhetlo a mararo ho feta ka motlakase 0.91 μg / m3.

Setšoantšo sa 4. Maemo a AQ tikolohong e nang le motlakase le mashala e le mohloli oa mocheso. * E bontša phapang e kholo maemong a AQ lisampoleng (p <0.05).

Maemo a AQ nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tee ea oolong tee ea Oolong, e hlahisoang haholo Fujian le Taiwan, ke mofuta oa tee e lomositsoeng hanyane. Ho tsoela pele ho fumana mehato ea mantlha ea ho eketsa boemo ba AQ le litlamorao tsa mafura a fapaneng, sehlopha se tšoanang sa makhasi a macha se entsoe tee ea oolong e nang le lebasetere la mashala le khase ea tlhaho e le mehloli ea mocheso, ka nako e le 'ngoe. Maemo a AQ ho ts'ebetsong ea tee ea oolong ho sebelisoa mehloli e fapaneng ea mocheso e bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 5. Bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea tee ea oolong ka hybrid ea tlhaho ea khase-motlakase, mokhoa oa boemo ba AQ o ne o le tlase ho 0.005 mg / kg, o neng o tšoana le oa tee e tala. ka motlakase.

Setšoantšo sa 5. Boemo ba AQ nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tee ea oolong ka motsoako oa tlhaho oa khase-motlakase le mashala e le mohloli oa mocheso.

Ka mashala e le mohloli oa mocheso, maemo a AQ mehatong e 'meli ea pele, a pona le ho etsa botala, a ne a hlile a tšoana le motsoako oa khase-motlakase oa tlhaho. Leha ho le joalo, mekhoa e ileng ea latela ho fihlela ho lokisoa ho bontša hore lekhalo le ile la atoloha butle-butle, ka nako eo boemo ba AQ bo ile ba phahama ho tloha 0.004 ho ea 0.023 mg / kg. Boemo boemong ba ho phutha bo theohetse ho 0.018 mg/kg, e ka bang ka lebaka la tahlehelo ea lero la tee e nkileng tse ling tsa litšila tsa AQ. Ka mor'a sethaleng sa ho phunya, boemo ba ho omisa bo ile ba eketseha ho ea ho 0.027 mg / kg. Ka ho pona, ho etsa botala, ho lokisa, ho roala le ho omisa, li-PF e ne e le 2.81, 1.32, 5.66, 0.78, le 1.50, ka ho latellana.

Ho hlaha ha AQ lihlahisoa tsa tee tse nang le mehloli e fapaneng ea mocheso

Ho fumana liphello tsa AQ content ea tee e nang le mehloli e fapaneng ea mocheso, lisampole tsa tee tsa 40 tse tsoang lithupelong tsa tee tse sebelisang motlakase kapa mashala e le mehloli ea mocheso li ile tsa hlahlojoa, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe Lethathamong la 2. litekanyetso tsa mafokisi (85.0%) tse nang le boemo bo phahameng ba AQ ba 0.064 mg/kg, ho bonts'a hore ho ne ho le bonolo ho baka tšilafalo ea AQ ka mosi o hlahisoang ke ho chesoa ha mashala, 'me sekhahla sa 35.0% se ile sa bonoa lisampoleng tsa mashala. Haholo-holo, motlakase o ne o e-na le litekanyetso tse tlaase ka ho fetisisa tsa mofuputsi le tsa ho feta tsa 56.4% le 7.7% ka ho latellana, ka boholo ba 0.020 mg / kg.

TŠEBELETSO

Ho ipapisitsoe le li-PF nakong ea ts'ebetso le mefuta e 'meli ea mehloli ea mocheso, ho ne ho hlakile hore ho lokisa e ne e le mohato o ka sehloohong o lebisitseng ho eketseheng ha maemo a AQ tlhahisong ea tee ka mashala le ho sebetsa tlas'a matla a motlakase ho bile le phello e nyane ho litaba tsa AQ. ka tee. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tee e tala, mollo oa mashala o ile oa hlahisa mosi o mongata ts'ebetsong ea ho lokisa ha o bapisoa le ts'ebetso ea ho futhumatsa ka motlakase, e leng se bontšang hore mohlomong mosi e ne e le mohloli o ka sehloohong oa litšila tsa AQ ho tloha ho kopana le letlobo la tee hang-hang ts'ebetsong ea tee, e tšoanang le ts'ebetso ea ho pepeseha. lisampole tsa barbecue tse tsuba[25]. Keketseho e nyane ea dikahare tsa AQ nakong ea sethala e ile ea fana ka maikutlo a hore mosi o bakoang ke mollo oa mashala ha oa ama feela boemo ba AQ nakong ea mohato oa ho lokisa, empa hape le tikolohong ea ts'ebetso ka lebaka la ho beoa ha sepakapaka. Mashala a ne a boetse a sebelisoa e le mohloli oa mocheso nakong ea pele ea ho omisa le ho omisa hape, empa mehatong ena e 'meli litaba tsa AQ li ile tsa eketseha hanyenyane kapa tsa fokotseha hanyenyane. Sena se ka hlalosoa ke taba ea hore se omisang moea o chesang se koaletsoeng se ile sa boloka tee hole le mosi o bakoang ke mollo oa mashala[26]. E le ho fumana mohloli o silafatsang, maemo a AQ sepakapakeng a ile a hlahlojoa, a baka lekhalo le leholo pakeng tsa lithupelo tse peli. Lebaka le ka sehloohong la sena ke hore mashala a sebelisitsoeng ho lokisa, mekhahlelo ea pele ea ho omisa le ho omisa hape e ne e tla hlahisa AQ nakong ea mollo o sa phetheheng. Li-AQ tsena li ile tsa phatlalatsoa ka likaroloana tse nyane tsa lintho tse tiileng ka mor'a hore mashala a chesoe 'me a hasane moeeng, a phahamisa maemo a tšilafalo ea AQ tikolohong ea lithupelo[15]. Ha nako e ntse e ea, ka lebaka la sebaka se seholo se ikhethileng le bokhoni ba tee ea adsorption, li-particulate tsena li ile tsa lula holim'a makhasi a tee, e leng se ileng sa fella ka keketseho ea tlhahiso ea AQ. Ka hona, ho ne ho nahanoa hore ho chesoa ha mashala ke eona tsela e ka sehloohong e lebisang tšilafalong e feteletseng ea AQ ts'ebetsong ea tee, 'me mosi e le mohloli oa tšilafalo.

Ha e le ts'ebetso ea tee ea oolong, AQ e ile ea eketseha ha e ntse e sebetsoa ka mehloli e 'meli ea mocheso, empa phapang lipakeng tsa mehloli e' meli ea mocheso e ne e le ea bohlokoa. Liphetho li boetse li fana ka maikutlo a hore mashala e le mohloli oa mocheso o phethile karolo e kholo ho eketseheng ha boemo ba AQ, mme ho lokisoa ho ile ha nkuoa e le mohato o ka sehloohong oa ho eketsa tšilafalo ea AQ ts'ebetsong ea tee ea oolong e thehiloeng ho li-PF. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tee ea oolong le lebasetere la tlhaho la khase-motlakase e le mohloli oa mocheso, mokhoa oa boemo ba AQ o ne o theoha ka tlase ho 0.005 mg / kg, e neng e tšoana le ea tee e tala e nang le motlakase, e fana ka maikutlo a hore matla a hloekileng, a kang motlakase le tlhaho. khase, e ka fokotsa kotsi ea ho hlahisa litšila tsa AQ ho tloha ho sebetsa.

Ha e le liteko tsa sampuli, liphetho li bontšitse hore boemo ba tšilafalo ea AQ bo ne bo le bobe le ho feta ha ho sebelisoa mashala e le mohloli oa mocheso ho e-na le motlakase, e leng se ka bakoang ke mosi oa ho tuka ha mashala a kopanang le makhasi a tee le ho pota-pota mosebetsing. Leha ho le joalo, leha ho ne ho hlakile hore motlakase e ne e le mohloli o hloekileng oa mocheso nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tee, ho ne ho ntse ho e-na le litšila tsa AQ lihlahisoa tsa tee tse sebelisang motlakase e le mohloli oa mocheso. Boemo bo bonahala bo tšoana hanyane le mosebetsi o phatlalalitsoeng pele moo karabelo ea 2- alkenals e nang le hydroquinones le benzoquinones e hlahisitsoeng e le tsela e ka bang teng ea lik'hemik'hale[23], mabaka a sena a tla batlisisoa liphuputsong tse tlang.

MATS'ELISO

Mosebetsing ona, mehloli e ka bang teng ea tšilafalo ea AQ ka tee e tala le oolong e tiisitsoe ke liteko tsa papiso tse thehiloeng ho mekhoa e ntlafetseng ea tlhahlobo ea GC-MS/MS. Liphuputso tsa rona li ile tsa tšehetsa ka ho toba hore mohloli o ka sehloohong o silafatsang oa maemo a phahameng a AQ e ne e le mosi o bakoang ke ho tuka, o sa kang oa ama feela mekhahlelo ea ts'ebetso empa hape o ile oa ama libaka tsa lithupelo. Ho fapana le mekhahlelo ea ho phunya le ho pona, moo liphetoho tsa boemo ba AQ li neng li sa bonahale, mehato e nang le ho kenya letsoho ka ho toba ha mashala le patsi, joalo ka ho lokisa, ke mokhoa o ka sehloohong oo ho oona tšilafalo ea AQ e ileng ea phahama ka lebaka la palo ea ho kopana pakeng tsa tee. le mosi nakong ea mekhahlelo ena. Ka hona, mafura a hloekileng a kang khase ea tlhaho le motlakase li ile tsa khothaletsoa e le mohloli oa mocheso ts'ebetsong ea tee. Ho feta moo, liphetho tsa liteko li boetse li bonts'a hore ha ho se na mosi o hlahisoang ke ho tuka, ho ne ho ntse ho e-na le lintlha tse ling tse tlatsetsang ho lateleng AQ nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tee, athe AQ e nyenyane e ile ea hlokomeloa ka har'a workshop e nang le mafura a hloekileng, a lokelang ho hlahlojoa le ho feta. lipatlisisong tse tlang.

LISEBELISOA LE MEKHOA

Li-reagents, lik'hemik'hale le lisebelisoa

Tekanyetso ea Anthraquinone (99.0%) e rekiloe ho Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH Company (Augsburg, Germany). D8-Anthraquinone ea ka hare (98.6%) e rekiloe ho C/D/N Isotopes (Quebec, Canada). Anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) le magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) (Shanghai, Chaena). Florisil e fanoe ke Wenzhou Organic Chemical Company (Wenzhou, China). Pampiri ea fiber ea Mircro-glass (90 mm) e ile ea rekoa k'hamphaning ea Ahlstrom-munksjö (Helsinki, Finland).

Ho lokisetsa mohlala

Mehlala ea tee e tala e ile ea sebetsoa ka ho lokisoa, ho kolobisoa, ho omisoa pele le ho omisoa hape (ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse koaletsoeng), ha lisampole tsa tee tsa oolong li ne li sebetsoa ka ho pona, ho etsa makhasi a matala (ho sisinyeha le ho ema makhasi a macha ka ho fapanyetsana), ho lokisoa, ho patoa, le ho omisa. Mehlala ho tloha mohatong o mong le o mong o ile oa bokelloa ka makhetlo a mararo ho 100g ka mor'a ho kopanya ka botlalo. Mehlala eohle e bolokiloe ho −20 °C bakeng sa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng.

Mehlala ea moea e ne e bokelloa ka pampiri ea fiber ea khalase (90 mm) e sebelisang li-samplers tsa volume volume (PTS-100, Qingdao Laoshan Electronic Instrument Company, Qingdao, Chaena) [27], e sebetsang ho 100 L / min bakeng sa 4 h.

Mehlala e matlafalitsoeng e ile ea tšeloa ka AQ ho 0.005 mg/kg, 0.010 mg/kg, 0.020 mg/kg bakeng sa letlobo le lecha la tee, ho 0.005 mg/kg, 0.020 mg/kg, 0.050 mg/kg bakeng sa tee e omeletseng le 0.012 mg/kg (0.5 µg/m3 bakeng sa sampole ea moea), 0.036 mg/kg (1.5 µg/m3 bakeng sa moea o fokolang), 0.072 mg/kg (3.0 µg/m3 bakeng sa sampole ea moea) bakeng sa pampiri ea sefa sa khalase, ka ho latellana. Ka mor'a ho sisinyeha ka ho feletseng, lisampole tsohle li ile tsa siuoa lihora tse 12, 'me li lateloa ke mehato ea ho ntša le ho hloekisa.

Mongobo o fumanoe ka ho nka 20 g ea sampuli ka mor'a ho kopanya mohato o mong le o mong, ho futhumatsa ka 105 ° C bakeng sa 1 h, ebe ho lekanya le ho pheta-pheta ka makhetlo a mararo le ho nka boleng bo tloaelehileng le ho bo arola ka boima pele ho futhumatsa.

Mohlala oa ho ntša le ho hloekisa

Mohlala oa tee: Ho ntšoa le ho hloekisoa ha AQ ho tloha lisampoleng tsa tee ho entsoe ho latela mokhoa o hatisitsoeng ho tsoa ho Wang et al. ka liphetoho tse 'maloa[21]. Ka bokhutšoanyane, 1.5 g ea lisampole tsa tee li ile tsa qala ho kopanngoa le 30 μL D8-AQ (2 mg / kg) 'me ea siuoa hore e eme metsotso e 30, ebe e kopantsoe hantle le 1.5 mL ea metsi a hloekisitsoeng ebe e tloheloa ho ema metsotso e 30. 15 mL 20% ea acetone ka n-hexane e kenyelelitsoe ho lisampole tsa tee le sonicated bakeng sa 15 min. Joale lisampole li ne li tšeloa ka 1.0 g MgSO4 bakeng sa 30 s, le centrifuged bakeng sa 5 min, ka 11,000 rpm. Kamora ho fetisetsoa ho li-flasks tse 100 mL tse bōpehileng joaloka pere, 10 mL ea karolo e ka holimo ea organic e ile ea fetoha mouoane hoo e batlang e omella ka tlas'a vacuum ka 37 °C. 5 mL 2.5% acetone ho n-hexane e boetse e qhibidiha moqopong ka di flasks tsa sebopeho sa pere bakeng sa tlhoekiso. Kholomo ea khalase (10 cm × 0.8 cm) e ne e e-na le ho tloha tlase ho ea holimo ho boea ba khalase le 2g florisil, e neng e le pakeng tsa likarolo tse peli tsa 2 cm Na2SO4. Ebe 5 mL ea 2.5% ea acetone ho n-hexane e ne e hlatsoa kholomo esale pele. Kamora ho kenya tharollo e qhibilihisitsoeng bocha, AQ e ile ea hlakoloa ka makhetlo a mararo ka 5 mL, 10 mL, 10 mL ea 2.5% acetone ho n-hexane. Li-eluate tse kopantsoeng li ile tsa fetisetsoa ho li-flasks tse bōpehileng joaloka pere 'me tsa fetoha mouoane hoo e batlang e omella tlas'a vacuum ka 37 °C. Masala a omisitsoeng a ile a boela a tsosolosoa ka 1 mL ea 2.5% acetone ho hexane e lateloa ke ho sefa ka filthara ea boholo ba pore ea 0.22 µm. Ebe tharollo e tsosolositsoeng e kopantsoe le acetonitrile ka tekanyo ea molumo oa 1: 1. Ka mor'a mohato o sisinyehang, mochine o monyenyane o ile oa sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea GC-MS/MS.

Mohlala oa moea: Halofo ea pampiri ea fiber, e rothang ka 18 μL d8-AQ (2 mg / kg), e ile ea qoelisoa ka 15 mL ea 20% ea acetone ka n-hexane, ebe e sonicated bakeng sa 15 min. Karolo ea manyolo e ne e arotsoe ke centrifugation ho 11,000 rpm bakeng sa 5 min 'me karolo eohle e ka holimo e ile ea tlosoa ka botlolo e bōpehileng joaloka pere. Mekhahlelo eohle ea tlhaho e ile ea fetoha mouoane hoo e batlang e omella tlas'a vacuum ka 37 °C. 5 mL ea 2.5% ea acetone ka har'a hexane e boetse e qhibilihisa likhechana bakeng sa tlhoekiso ka tsela e tšoanang le ea lisampole tsa tee.

Tlhahlobo ea GC-MS/MS

Varian 450 gas chromatograph e nang le Varian 300 tandem mass detector (Varian, Walnut Creek, CA, USA) e ile ea sebelisoa ho etsa tlhahlobo ea AQ ka software ea MS WorkStation version 6.9.3. Phapang Factor Four capillary kholomo VF-5ms (30 m × 0.25 limilimithara × 0.25 μm) e ne e sebelisoa bakeng sa karohano chromatographic. Khase e tsamaisang thepa, helium (> 99.999%), e ne e behiloe ka lebelo le tsitsitseng la 1.0 mL / min le khase ea ho thulana ha Argon (> 99.999%). Mocheso oa ontong o qalile ho tloha ho 80 ° C mme o tšoaretsoe metsotso e 1; e eketsehile ho 15 ° C / min ho 240 ° C, ebe e fihla 260 ° C ho 20 ° C / min mme e tšoaretsoe 5min. Thempereichara ea mohloli oa ion e ne e le 210 ° C, hammoho le mocheso oa mohala oa ho fetisa oa 280 ° C. Bophahamo ba ente e ne e le 1.0 μL. Maemo a MRM a bonts'itsoe ho Lethathamo la 3.

Agilent 8890 gas chromatograph e nang le Agilent 7000D triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Agilent, Stevens Creek, CA, USA) e ile ea sebelisoa ho hlahloba phello ea tlhoekiso ka software ea MassHunter version 10.1. Agilent J&W HP-5ms GC Column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) e ne e sebelisetsoa karohano ea chromatographic. Khase e tsamaisang thepa, Helium (> 99.999%), e ne e behiloe ka lebelo le tsitsitseng la 2.25 mL/min le khase ea ho thulana ha Nitrogen (> 99.999%). Mocheso oa mohloli oa ion oa EI o ile oa fetoloa ho 280 ° C, ho tšoana le mocheso oa mohala oa ho fetisa. Mocheso oa ontong o qalile ho tloha ho 80 ° C 'me o ne o tšoaretsoe metsotso e 5; e phahamisitsoe ke 15 ° C / min ho ea ho 240 ° C, ebe e fihla 280 ° C ho 25 ° C / min 'me e bolokiloe bakeng sa 5 min. Maemo a MRM a bonts'itsoe ho Lethathamo la 3.

Tlhahlobo ea lipalo
Likahare tsa AQ makhasing a macha li ile tsa lokisoa hore e be litaba tse omeletseng ka ho aroloa ka mongobo e le ho bapisa le ho sekaseka maemo a AQ nakong ea ts'ebetso.

Liphetoho tsa AQ ho lisampole tsa tee li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka software ea Microsoft Excel le IBM SPSS Statistics 20.

Ntho ea ho sebetsa e ne e sebelisetsoa ho hlalosa liphetoho tsa AQ nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tee. PF = Rl/Rf , moo Rf e leng boemo ba AQ pele ho mohato oa ho sebetsa le Rl ke boemo ba AQ ka mor'a mohato oa ho sebetsa. PF e bontša ho fokotseha (PF <1) kapa ho eketseha (PF> 1) ho masala a AQ nakong ea mohato o itseng oa ho sebetsa.

ME e bonts'a ho fokotseha (ME <1) kapa ho eketseha (ME> 1) ho latela lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo, e thehiloeng ho karo-karolelano ea matsoapo a calibration ho matrix le solvent ka tsela e latelang:

ME = (slopematrix/slopesolvent - 1) × 100%

Moo slopematrix e leng moepa oa calibration curve ho solvent e tšoanang le matrix, slopesolvent ke moepa oa calibration curve ho solvent.

KANANELO
Mosebetsi ona o ne o tšehetsoa ke Morero o Moholo oa Saense le Theknoloji Profinseng ea Zhejiang (2015C12001) le National Science Foundation ea Chaena (42007354).
Khohlano ea thahasello
Bangoli ba phatlalatsa hore ha ba na khohlano ea lithahasello.
Litokelo le tumello
Copyright: © 2022 ka (ba)ngoli. E Ikhethang ea Laesense Maximum Academic Press, Fayetteville, GA. Sengoliloeng sena ke sengoloa sa phihlello se bulehileng se ajoa tlasa Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), etela https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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