Shaahu waa mid ka mid ah saddexda cabitaan ee ugu waaweyn adduunka, oo qani ku ah polyphenols, leh antioxidant, anti-kansarka, anti-virus, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemia iyo hawlaha kale ee bayooloji iyo hawlaha daryeelka caafimaadka. Shaaha waxa loo qaybin karaa shaaha aan khamiirin, shaaha khamiirin iyo shaaha ka dib marka loo eego farsamada farsamaynta iyo heerka halsano. Shaaha ka dambeeya waxaa loola jeedaa shaaha leh ka qaybgalka microbial ee halsano, sida Pu'er shaaha la kariyey, shaaha Fu Brick, shaaha Liubao ee Shiinaha laga soo saaray, Iyo Kippukucha, Saryusoso, Yamabukinadeshiko, Suraribijin iyo Kuroyamecha oo laga soo saaray Japan. Shaahaan khamiirka leh ee microbial-ka ah ayaa dadku ay jecel yihiin saameyntooda daryeel caafimaad sida hoos u dhigista baruurta dhiigga, sonkorta dhiigga iyo kolestaroolka.

Halsano microbial ka dib, polyphenols shaaha shaaha waxaa loo beddelaa enzymes iyo polyphenols badan oo leh qaabab cusub ayaa la sameeyay. Teadenol A iyo Teadenol B waa polyphenol derivatives ka soocan shaaha khamiirsan leh Aspergillus sp (PK-1, FARM AP-21280). Daraasad ku xigtay, ayaa lagu ogaaday shaah khamiir leh oo tiro badan. Teadenols waxay leeyihiin laba stereoisomers, cis-Teadenol A iyo trans-Teadenol B. molecular formula C14H12O6, miisaanka kelli 276.06, [MH] -275.0562, qaacidada qaabdhismeedka ayaa lagu muujiyay Jaantuska 1. Teadenols waxay leeyihiin kooxo wareeg ah oo la mid ah - a-ring qaababka giraanta flavane 3-alkolada iyo yihiin b-ring fission catechins derivatives. Teadenol A iyo Teadenol B ayaa laga soo saari karaa EGCG iyo GCG siday u kala horreeyaan.

Daraasadihii xigay, waxaa la ogaaday in Teadenols ay leeyihiin dhaqdhaqaaqyo noole ah sida kor u qaadista dheecaanka adiponectin, joojinta borotiinka tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) muujinta iyo caddeynta, taas oo soo jiidatay dareenka cilmi-baarayaal badan. Adiponectin waa polypeptide aad u gaar ah oo loogu talagalay unugyada adipose, taas oo si weyn u yareyn karta dhacdooyinka cilladaha dheef-shiid kiimikaadka ee nooca II ee sonkorowga. PTP1B waxaa hadda loo aqoonsan yahay inay tahay bartilmaameedka daweynta ee sonkorowga iyo cayilka, taas oo muujinaysa in Teadenols ay leedahay saameyn hypoglycemic iyo miisaan lumis.

Warqadan, ogaanshaha nuxurka, biosynthesis, wadarta guud iyo noolaynta noole ee Teadenols ee shaaha khamiirsan microbial ayaa dib loo eegay, si loo bixiyo aasaas cilmiyeed iyo tixraac aragtiyeed ee horumarinta iyo ka faa'iidaysiga Teadenols.

v TA sawir muuqaal ah

01

Ogaanshaha Teadenols ee shaaha khamiirsan ee microbial

Ka dib markii Teadenols laga helay Aspergillus SP (PK-1, FARM AP-21280) shaaha khamiirka markii ugu horeysay, HPLC iyo farsamooyinka LC-MS/MS ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu barto Teadenols noocyada kala duwan ee shaaha. Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in Teadenols ay inta badan ku jiraan shaaha khamiirsan ee microbial.

v TA, chromatogram dareere ah TB

v Mass spectrometry ee shaaha khamiirsan ee microbial iyo TA iyo TB

Aspergillus oryzae SP.PK-1, FARM AP-21280, Aspergillus oryzae sp.AO-1, ​​NBRS 4214, Aspergillus awamori sp.SK-1, Aspergillus oryzae Sp.AO-1, ​​NBRS 4214, Aspergillus oryzae sp. , NBRS 4122), Eurotium sp. Ka-1, FARM AP-21291, Heerarka kala duwan ee Teadenols ayaa lagu ogaaday shaaha khamiirka leh ee Kippukucha, Saryusoso, Yamabukinadeshiko, Suraribijin iyo Kuroyamecha, gentoku-cha oo lagu iibiyo Japan, iyo shaaha la kariyey ee Pu erh, shaaha Liubao iyo Fu Brick shaaha Shiinaha.

Waxyaabaha ku jira Teadenol ee shaaha kala duwan way ka duwan yihiin, taas oo lagu qiyaaso inay sabab u tahay xaaladaha kala duwan ee habaynta iyo xaaladaha halsano.

Daraasado dheeraad ah ayaa muujiyay in nuxurka Teadenols ee caleemaha shaaha iyada oo aan la isticmaalin halsano microbial, sida shaaha cagaaran, shaaha madow, shaaha oolong iyo shaaha cad, ayaa ahaa mid aad u hooseeya, asal ahaan ka hooseeya xadka ogaanshaha. Waxyaabaha ku jira Teadenol ee caleemaha shaaha ee kala duwan ayaa lagu muujiyay shaxda 1.

02

Bioactivity ee Teadenol

Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in Teadenols ay kor u qaadi karto miisaanka luminta, la dagaallamo sonkorowga, la dagaallanto oksaydhka, joojiso faafidda unugyada kansarka iyo maqaarka oo caddeeya.

Teadenol A waxay kor u qaadi kartaa dheecaanka adiponectin. Adiponectin waa peptide endogenous ah oo ay soo saarto adipocytes oo aad u gaar ah unugyada adipose. Waxay si xun ula xiriirtaa nudaha adipose visceral oo ay leedahay anti-bararka iyo sifooyinka atherosclerotic. Markaa Teadenol A waxa uu awood u leeyahay in uu lumiyo miisaanka.

Teadenol A sidoo kale waxay joojisaa muujinta borotiinka tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), A classic non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase ee qoyska tyrosine phosphatase protein, kaas oo door xun oo muhiim ah ka ciyaara calaamadaha insulin oo hadda loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay bartilmaameedka daaweynta ee sonkorowga. Teadenol A wuxuu si togan u maamuli karaa insulin isagoo joojinaya muujinta PTP1B. Dhanka kale, TOMOTAKA et al. waxay muujisay in Teadenol A uu yahay ligand silsilad dheer oo dufan leh GPR120, kaas oo si toos ah u xidhi kara oo kicin kara GPR120 oo kor u qaadaya dheecaanka hormoonka insulin GLP-1 ee unugyada endocrine ee STC-1 ee xiidmaha. Glp-1 waxay joojisaa rabitaanka cuntada waxayna kordhisaa dheecaanka insulinta, taasoo muujinaysa saamaynta ka hortagga sonkorowga. Sidaa darteed, Teadenol A waxay leedahay saameyn liddi ku ah sonkorowga.

Qiimaha IC50 ee dhaqdhaqaaqa xoqista DPPH iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa xagjirka ah ee superoxide anion ee Teadenol A waxay ahaayeen 64.8 μg/mL iyo 3.335 mg/mL, siday u kala horreeyaan. Qiimaha IC50 ee wadarta awoodda antioxidant iyo awoodda sahayda hydrogen waxay ahaayeen 17.6 U/ml iyo 12 U/ml, siday u kala horreeyaan. Waxa kale oo la muujiyey in shaaha laga soosaaray oo ay ku jiraan Teadenol B ay leedahay firfircooni sare oo ka hortag ah oo ka dhan ah unugyada kansarka mindhicirka ee HT-29, waxayna joojisaa unugyada kansarka mindhicirka ee HT-29 iyada oo kordhinaysa heerarka muujinta caspase-3/7, caspase-8 iyo Caspase -9, dhimashada reseptor-ka iyo waddooyinka apoptosis mitochondrial.

Intaa waxaa dheer, Teadenols waa nooc ka mid ah polyphenols kuwaas oo caddayn kara maqaarka iyaga oo joojinaya dhaqdhaqaaqa melanocyte iyo isku-dhafka melanin.

03

Isku-darka Teadenol

Sida laga arki karo xogta cilmi-baarista ee Shaxda 1, Teadenols ee shaaha halsano microbial leeyahay content hoose iyo qiimaha sare ee kobcinta iyo nadiifinta, taas oo ay adag tahay in la daboolo baahida cilmi-baarista qoto dheer iyo horumarinta codsiga. Sidaa darteed, culimadu waxay sameeyeen daraasado ku saabsan isku-dhafka walxahan oo kale oo ka yimid laba jiho oo ah biotransformation iyo synthesis kiimikaad.

WULANDARI iyo al. la tallaalay Aspergillus SP (PK-1, FARM AP-21280) ee xalka isku dhafan ee EGCG iyo GCG jeermis dilay. Kadib 2 todobaad oo dhaqan ah oo ah 25 ℃, HPLC waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu falanqeeyo halabuurka dhexdhexaadinta dhaqanka. Teadenol A iyo Teadenol B ayaa la ogaaday. Ka dib, Aspergillus oryzae A. Awamori (NRIB-2061) iyo Aspergillus oryzae A. Kawachii (IFO-4308) ayaa lagu tallaalay isku dar ah autoclave EGCG iyo GCG, siday u kala horreeyaan, iyadoo la adeegsanayo hab isku mid ah. Teadenol A iyo Teadenol B ayaa laga helay labadaba dhexdhexaad ah. Daraasadahani waxay muujiyeen in isbeddelka microbial ee EGCG iyo GCG ay soo saari karaan Teadenol A iyo Teadenol B. SONG et al. loo isticmaalo EGCG wax cayriin ah oo la tallaalay Aspergillus sp si loo barto xaaladaha ugu fiican ee Teadenol A iyo Teadenol B ee dareeraha iyo dhaqanka adag. Natiijooyinka waxay muujiyeen in dhexdhexaadinta CZapEK-DOX ee la beddelay ee ka kooban 5% EGCG iyo 1% budada shaaha cagaaran ay heleen wax soo saarka ugu sarreeya. Waxaa la ogaaday in ku darida budada shaaha cagaaran aysan si toos ah u saameynin wax soo saarka Teadenol A iyo Teadenol B, laakiin inta badan waxay keentay kororka qadarka biosynthase ee ku lug leh. Intaa waxaa dheer, YOSHIDA et al. Teadenol A iyo Teadenol B oo laga sameeyay phloroglucinol. Tallaabooyinka muhiimka ah ee isku-dhafka waxay ahaayeen asymmetric α-aminoxy catalytic reaction of organic catalytic aldehydes iyo intramolecular allyl beddelka palladium-catalyzed phenol.

v Microscope-ka korantada ee habka halsano shaaha

04

Daraasadda codsiga ee Teadenol

Dhaqdhaqaaqeeda bayooloji ee muhiimka ah awgeed, Teadenols waxa loo isticmaalay dawooyinka, cuntada iyo quudinta, waxyaalaha la isku qurxiyo, reagents ogaanshaha iyo qaybaha kale.

Waxa jira alaabooyin la xidhiidha oo ay ku jiraan Teadenols oo ku jira goobta cuntada, sida Shaaha Slimming ee Jabbaan iyo polyphenols shaaha khamiirsan. Intaa waxaa dheer, Yanagida et al. Waxa la xaqiijiyey in shaaha laga soosaaray oo ay ku jiraan Teadenol A iyo Teadenol B lagu dabaqi karo habaynta cuntada, xawaashka, kaabista caafimaadka, quudinta xoolaha iyo waxyaalaha la isku qurxiyo. ITO iyo al. waxay diyaarisay walax maqaarka la mariyo oo ay ku jiraan Teadenols oo leh saameyn caddaan ah oo xoog leh, ka hortagga xagjirka bilaashka ah iyo saameynta ka hortagga laalaabka. Waxa kale oo ay leedahay saamaynta daaweynta finanka, qoyaanka, kor u qaadida shaqada xannibaadda, joojinta bararka ka soo jeeda UV iyo boogaha ka hortagga cadaadiska.

Shiinaha, Teadenol waxaa loo yaqaan shaaha fu. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay sameeyeen daraasado badan oo ku saabsan shaaha laga soo saaro ama hababka isku dhafan ee ay ku jiraan fu shaaha A iyo Fu shaaha B marka la eego hoos u dhigista dufanka dhiigga, dhimista miisaanka, sonkorta dhiigga, dhiig karka iyo jilicsanaanta xididdada dhiigga. Shaaha Fu-nadiifinta sare leh ee la safeeyey oo diyaariyey Zhao Ming et al. waxaa loo isticmaali karaa diyaarinta daawooyinka lidka ku ah. He Zhihong iyo al. Kaabsoosha shaaha oo la sameeyay, kaniiniyada ama granules oo ay ku jiraan shaaha madow ee anhua ee Fu A iyo Fu B, gynostema pentaphylla, Rhizoma orientalis, ophiopogon iyo daawooyinka kale ee daawooyinka iyo cuntada, kuwaas oo leh saameyn cad oo joogto ah miisaanka dhimista iyo dhimista dufanka ee dhammaan noocyada cayilka. dadka. Tan Xiao 'ao waxay ku diyaarisay shaaha fuzhuan fuzhuan A iyo Fuzhuan B, taas oo ay fududahay in la nuugo jirka bini'aadamka waxayna saameyn muuqata ku leedahay yareynta hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension iyo jilicsanaanta xididdada dhiigga.

05

"Luqadda

Teadenols waa b-ring fission catechin derivatives oo jira shaaha khamiirsan microbial, kaas oo laga heli karo isbeddelka microbial ee epigallocatechin gallate ama wadarta synthesis ee phloroglucinol. Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in Teadenols ay ku jiraan shaaha khamiirsan ee microbial kala duwan. Alaabooyinka waxaa ka mid ah Aspergillus Niger shaaha khamiirka leh, Aspergillus oryzae shaaha khamiirka ah, Aspergillus oryzae shaaha khamiirin, Sachinella shaaha khamiiray, Kippukucha (Japan), Saryusoso (Japan), Yamabukinadeshiko (Japan), Suraribijin (Japan), Kuroyamecha (Japan), Gentoka cha (Japan), Awa-Bancha (Japan), Goishi-cha (Japan), shaaha Pu'er, shaaha Liubao iyo shaaha Fu Brick, laakiin waxa ku jira Teadenols ee shaaha kala duwan aad ayay u kala duwan yihiin. Waxyaabaha ku jira Teadenol A iyo B waxay u dhexeeyaan 0.01% ilaa 6.98% iyo 0.01% ilaa 0.54%, siday u kala horreeyaan. Isla mar ahaantaana, shaaha oolong, caddaan, cagaar iyo madow kuma jiraan xeryahooda.

Ilaa hadda sida cilmi-baarista hadda jirta, daraasadaha ku saabsan Teadenols ayaa wali xaddidan, oo ku lug leh kaliya isha, nuxurka, biosynthesis iyo wadarta dariiqa synthetic, iyo habka ficilka iyo horumarinta iyo codsiga ayaa weli u baahan cilmi-baaris badan. Cilmi baaris dheeri ah, xeryahooda Teadenols waxay yeelan doonaan qiime horumarineed oo weyn iyo rajooyin codsi oo ballaaran.