Aan la taaban karin
9,10-Antraquinone (AQ) waa sumo-galka leh khatarta jirrada ee suurtagalka ah waxayna ku dhacdaa shaaha adduunka oo dhan. Xadka ugu badan ee haraaga ah (MRL) ee AQ ee shaaha ay dejisay Midowga Yurub (EU) waa 0.02 mg / kg. Ilaha suurtagalka ah ee AQ ee shaaha shaaha iyo marxaladaha ugu waaweyn ee dhacdadeeda ayaa la baaray iyadoo lagu saleynayo hab la beddelay aq iyo qaab-gasan-gaas-term / ms). Marka la barbar dhigo korantada sida isha kuleylka ee ka shaqeynta shaaha cagaaran, AQ ilaa 23 illaa 23 jeer oo shaaha ka shaqeeya dhuxulku, illaa iyo inta aad ka badan tahay 0.02 mg / kg, halka heerka AQ-ga saddex laab laga dhigay. Isbeddelkaas oo la mid ah ayaa lagu arkay kalkaalida shaaha ee ka hooseeya kuleylka dhuxusha. Tallaabooyinka xiriir toos ah oo ka dhexeeya caleemaha shaaha iyo qiiqa, sida hagaajinta iyo qalajinta, waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay yihiin talaabooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee wax soo saarka shaaha. Heerarka AQ wuxuu kordhay waqtiga la xiriiray, isagoo soo jeedinaya in heerar sare oo ah AQ Monicarant ee shaaha laga soo bilaabo caloosha ay sababaan dhuxusha iyo gubashada. Afartan shaybaar ka soo jeeda aqoon isweydaarsiyo kaladuwan oo leh koronto ama dhuxul maadaama ay kululayaan ay la falanqeeyeen, oo ay udhaceen 50.0% -85.0% iyo 5.0%-% ee lagu ogaanayo heerarka iyo ka-baxaan heerarka Intaas waxaa sii dheer, ugu badnaan Aq ee ah 0.064 mg / kg ayaa lagu arkay sheyga shaaha oo leh dhuxul ahaan, taas oo muujineysa in heerarka sare ee wasakhoowga AQ-ka ee loo arko inay ku biiraan dhuxusha.
Furaha furaha: 9,10-Anthraquinone, shaaha shaaha, dhuxusha, isha wasakhaysan
Gogoldhig
Shaabisay ee laga soo saaray caleemaha geesaha exgreen geed sinnenssis (L.) O. Kintze, waa mid ka mid ah cabitaannada ugu caansan ee caanka ah dhadhanka dhadhanka iyo faa'iidooyinka caafimaad. Sannadkii 2020 dunida oo dhan, waxsoosaarka shaaha ayaa kor u kacay 5,972 milyan oo metrik ton, kaasoo ahaa labalaab 20-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay [1]. Iyada oo ku saleysan siyaabo kala duwan oo wax looga qabanayo, waxaa jira lix nooc oo shaah ah, oo ay ku jiraan shaaha cagaaran, shaaha madow, shaaha madow, shaaha cad, shaah huruud ah [2,3]. Si loo hubiyo tayada iyo badbaadada alaabada, aad ayey muhiim u tahay in la kormeero heerarka wasakhooyinka oo qeexaya asalka.

Aqoonsashada ilaha wasakhooyinka, sida haraaga sunta cayayaanka, bir culus iyo wasakhda kale sida biyuhu udgoon ee loo yaqaan 'polycyclic hydrocarbons-ka' polycycrocs-ka '(pahs), waa tallaabada koowaad ee xakameynta wasakhowga. Ku buufinta kiimikada tooska ah ee lagu buufiyo abuurka shaaha, iyo sidoo kale hawo hawo ay keento howlgalada u dhow godyada shaaha, waa isha ugu weyn ee hagayaasha cayayaanka ee shaaha [4]. Birta culus waxay uruurin kartaa shaaha oo u horseedi kara sunta, kuwaas oo inta badan laga soo saaro carrada, bacrimiyeyaasha iyo jawiga [5-7]. Sida wasakhaysiga kale ee u muuqda mid lama filaan ah shaaha, way adkayd in la aqoonsado habraacyada adag ee sababa la xiriira waxsoosaarka shaaha oo ay ku jiraan dhirta, ka baaraandegista, xirmada, kaydinta iyo gaadiidka. PAHS Shaaha ayaa ka soo baxay dhigashada data dabada baabuurta iyo gubashada shilalka loo isticmaalo inta lagu gudajiray caleemaha shaaha, sida xaabada [xaafadda [8-10].

Intii lagu gudajiray dhuxusha iyo xaabada guluubka, wasakhoolayaasha sida kaarboon-gaar ah ayaa la sameeyay [11]. Natiijo ahaan, waxay u nugul tahay hadhaaga hadhaaga kor ku xusan ee ka dhaca alaabooyinka la soo taagayo, sida hadhuudhka, sida kalluunka la cabbo iyo kalluunka bisadda, heerkulka sare, oo khatar ku ah caafimaadka aadanaha [12,13]. Qaadashada ay sababaan gubashada waxaa laga soo qaatay ka-fikirka dhiigga ee ku jira shidaalka laftiisa, jahwareerka heerkulka leh ee xeryaha udgoonku iyo falcelinta xarunta ee ka dhexeysa xagjiriinta bilaashka ah [14]. Heerkulka gubashada, waqtiga, iyo waxyaabaha oksijiinta ah waa qodobo muhiim ah oo saameeya beddelka dhiigga dhiigga. Iyada oo kororka heerkulka, waxyaabaha dhiigga ee dhiigga ah ayaa marka hore kordhay ka dibna hoos u dhacay, iyo qiimaha ugu sarreeya ayaa ka dhacay 800 ° C; Waxyaabaha dhiiga dhiigga ah ayaa si aad ah hoos ugu dhacay si ay u raadraacaan kordhinta waqtiga gubashada markii ay ka hooseeyaan xadka la yiraahdo 'waqtiyada xad-dhaafka ah ee hawo-mareenka, laakiin oksidation-ka ayaa la dhimaysaa ophs iyo aaladda kale ee loo yaqaan' paxs '.

9,10-Antraquinone (AQ, CAS: 84-65-1, Sawir, Jaantus 1), oo ah oksijiin ka kooban pahs [18], waxay ka kooban tahay saddex wareeg oo la rabo. Waxaa lagu taxay sidii ugu macquulsan ee Carcinogen (Group 2B) oo ay wakaaladda caalamiga ah ee cilmi baarista ee ku saabsan kansarka sanadkii 2014 [19]. AQ wuxuu ku sumoobi karaa isku-darka xariifka ah Sida saamaynta xun ee caafimaadka aadanaha, xadka ugu badan ee haraaga ah (MRL) ee 0.02 mg / kg ayaa shaaha ka dhacay midowga yurub. Sida laga soo xigtay daraasadihii hore, kaydadka AQ waxaa lagu soo jeediyey inay yihiin isha ugu weyn inta lagu gudajiro shaaha - 21]. Sidoo kale, ku saleysan cawaaqibka tijaabada ah ee ka dhacaya cawaaqibka cagaaran ee Indonesia, waa iska cadahay in heerka AQ si weyn loo beddelay qiiqa qalabka loo soo jeediyay in astaanta ugu waaweyn [22]. Si kastaba ha noqotee, asalka saxda ah ee AQ ee ku saabsan shaaha shaaha ayaa ahaa mid si xun u ah, in kasta oo qaar ka mid ah fikradaha kiimikada ee kiimikada ee AQ-ka lagu soo jeediyay [23,24], oo muujinaya in aad muhiim u tahay in la go'aamiyo qodobbada muhiimka ah ee saameeya heerka AQ ee ka shaqeeya shaaha.

Jaantus 1. Qaaciddada kiimikada ee AQ.

Marka la eego cilmi-baarista sameynta AQ inta lagu jiro gubashada dhuxusha iyo khatarta suulka ah ee shidaalka shaaha, taas oo ah mid wax tar leh oo lagu muujiyo saameynta ay kululeeyaan AQ ee ku saabsan AQ-ka, oo ah qaab dhacdada iyo heerka wasaqda ee loo yaqaan 'wasakhowga' AQ Wasakhda '.

Natiijala
Xaqiijinta Qaabka
Marka la barbar dhigo daraasadeenii hore [21], nidaamka soo saarista dareeraha dareeraha ah ayaa la isku daray ka hor duritaanka ka hor inta lagu durayo GC-MS / MS si loo wanaajiyo xasaasiyadda oo aad u ilaaliso bayaanka astaanta. Jaantuska 2b, habka loo wanaajiyey wuxuu muujiyey horumar la taaban karo oo ku saabsan nadiifinta muunadda, dareeraha ayaa si fudud midab u ahaa. Jaantuska 2a, scentrum oo buuxa (50-350 m / z) ayaa muujisay in la nadiifiyo ka dib markii ay si muuqata u dhinteen in tiro badan oo xeryo fara badan ayaa laga saaray soo saarista dareeraha ee dareeraha ah.

Jaantus 2. (A) Muuqaalka skaanka oo buuxa ee muunadda muunadda ka hor iyo ka dib nadiifinta. (b) Daahirinta saameynta habka loo hagaajiyay.
Nidaamka hagaajinta, oo ay ku jiraan line, dib u soo kabashada, xadka tirada (looxyo) iyo saamaynta matrix (aniga ayaa ka sareeya 0.3 mg / kg ee xalkaha shaaha iyo hawada ee ay ka kooban yihiin 0.5 illaa 8 ilaa 8 μg / m3.

Soo kabashada AQ waxaa lagu qiimeeyay seddex uruurin Spike ah oo udhaxeysa cabirka shahaadada iyo dhabta ah ee shaah qalalan (0.02, 0.02, 0.02, 0.02, 1.5, 1.5, 3 μg / m3). Soo kabashada AQ ee Shaaha waxay udhaxeeysay 77.78% ilaa 113.02% shaah qalalan iyo laga soo bilaabo 96.52% ilaa 125.69% caleemaha shaaha, oo RSD% ka hooseeya 15%. Soo kabashada AQ ee samadaha hawada ayaa u dhexeeya 78.47% ilaa 117.06% oo ay la socdaan RSD% ka hooseeya 20%. U fiirsashada ugu hooseysa ee loo yaqaan 'Spike' ayaa loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay 0.005 mg / kg, 0.005 mg / kg / kg / m³ ee caleemaha shaaha, shaah qalalan iyo saamballada hawada, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sida ku qoran Shaakada 1, matrix ee shaaha qalalan iyo caleemaha shaaha wax yar ayaa kordhay jawaabta AQ, taasoo keentay in boqolkiiba 109.0% iyo 110.9%. Sida loogu talagalay matrix ee muunadaha hawada, aniga wuxuu ahaa 196.1%.

Heerarka AQ inta lagu gudajiro shaaha shaaha cagaaran
Iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in la ogaado saameynta ilaha kuleylka ee kaladuwan ee ku saabsan shaah iyo xaafadaha caleemo cusub ayaa loo qaybiyay laba qaybood oo gaar ah oo si gooni gooni ah looga baaraandego laba qaybood oo isbarasho ah oo isku mid ah. Koox koox ayaa la siiyay koronto, kan kalena dhuxusha.

Sida lagu muujiyey Jaantuska 3, heerka AQ ee korantada sida isha kuleylka ee ay ka soo baxaan 0.008 ilaa 0.013 mg / kg. Inta lagu gudajiro hanaanka hagaajinta, caleemaha shaaha oo ay sababaan ka baaraandegida dheriga oo leh heerkul aad u sarreeya ayaa ka dhashay 9.5% kordhinta AQ. Kadib, heerka AQ ayaa hadhay inta lagu gudajiray hanaanka isbadalka in kasta oo ay lumiso casiir, oo soo jeedinaysa in geeddi-socodka jirku uusan saameyn ku yeelan karin heerka AQ ee hawsha shaaha. Kadib talaabooyinka qalajinta ee ugu horreeya, Heerka AQ waxyar ayuu kordhay PFS, oo si weyn u muujisay kaladuwanaanshaha talaabo kasta, waxay ahaayeen 1.10, 1.03, 1.03, 1.08 ee hagaajinta, qalajinta, qalajinta iyo dib-u-dhiska, siday u kala horreeyaan. Natiijooyinka PFS waxay soo jeediyeen in ka baaraandegida tamarta korantada ay saameyn yar ku yeelatay heerarka AQ ee shaaha.

Jaantus 3. Heerka AQ inta lagu jiro shaaha shaaha cagaaran ee korantada iyo dhuxusha sida ilaha kuleylka.
Marka laga hadlayo dhuxusha ilaha kuleylka, waxa uu ku jiro a q waxay si aad ah u kordhaysaa inta lagu gudajiro shaaha shaaha, oo laga soo bilaabo 0.008 ilaa 0.038 mg / kg. 338.9% AQ ayaa lagu kordhiyay habraaca hagaajinta, oo uu gaaro 0.037 mg / kg, oo aad u dhaaftay mg / kg / kg oo uu dejiyey Midowga Yurub. Intii lagu gudajiray marxaladda, heerka AQ ayaa wali kordhay 5.8% inkasta oo ay ka fog tahay mashiinka hagaajinta. Marka ugu horreysa ee qalajinta iyo dib-u-dhiska, waxa ku jira AQ wuxuu kordhay wax yar ama hoos u dhacay waxyar. PFS waxay u adeegsanaysaa dhuxusha iyadoo isha kuleylka ah ee hagaajinta, duulista qalajinta iyo dib-u-dhigga ay ahaayeen 4.39, 1.05, iyo 1.05, siday u kala horreeyaan.

Si aad u sii go'aamiso xiriirka ka dhexeeya gubashada dhuxusha iyo waxyaabaha wasaqda (PM) hawada ee ku jira aqoon-isweydaarsiga iyada oo la raacayo labadaba kuleylka ah ee kululaynta (PMG) ee ay ka badan yihiin korantada (PS), oo ka badan saddex jeer oo ka sarreeya arintaas 0.91 μg / m3.

Jaantus 4. Heerarka AQ ee deegaanka korantada iyo dhuxusha sida kuleylka isha. * Waxay muujineysaa kala duwanaansho weyn oo heerarka AQ ee muunadaha (p <0.05).

Heerarka AQ-ka ee AQ muddada ulliong shaaha kahortaga isha, badiyaa laga soo saaray fujian iyo taiwan, waa nooc ka mid ah shaah qayb ahaan la kariyey. Si loo sii wado talaabooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee kordhinta heerka Heerka AQ iyo saamaynta shidaalka kaladuwan, isla kharashka isku mid ah ee caleemo cusub ayaa laga sameeyay caloosha ilong oo leh dhuxul iyo isku-darka gaaska gaaska, isku mar. Heerka AQ ee ka socda tufaaxyada caaga ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo ilo kuleyl oo kala duwan ayaa lagu muujiyey Jaantuska 5.005 MG / kg, taas oo la mid ah shaah cagaaran oo koronto leh.

Jaantus 5. Heerka AQ inta lagu gudajiro muddada shaaha ee caloosha oo leh gaas-korantada dabiiciga ah iyo dhuxusha sida kuleylka.

Dhuxul ahaan waa isha kuleylka, heerarka AQ ee labada tallaabo ee ugu horreeya, engegida iyo sameynta cagaaran, muhiimad ahaan waxay la mid yihiin isku-darka gaaska dabiiciga ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, habraacyada ku xiga illaa hagaajinta farqiga ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u ballaaranaya, taas oo meesha ka soo saartay Heerka AQ-ga ee 0.004 ilaa 0.023 mg / kg. Heerka talaabada duuban ee iskudhafka ah ayaa hoos u dhacday ilaa 0.018 mg / kg, taas oo laga yaabo inay sabab u tahay luminta casiirka shaaha oo wata qaar ka mid ah sunta AQ. Kadib marxaladda duulista, heerka heerka qalajinta ayaa kordhay ilaa 0.027 mg / kg. In ka dhawaaqa, samaynta cagaaran, hagaajinta, xirxiran, oo qalajiya, pfs waxay ahaayeen 2.81, 1.32, 0.78, iyo 1.5, siday u kala horreeyaan.

Dhacdada AQ ee wax soo saarka shaaha oo leh ilo kuleyl kala duwan

Si loo go'aamiyo saameynta ay ku leedahay shaah ee ay ku jiraan ilo kulayl kala duwan, 40 shay oo shaah ah oo laga soo qaatay ilo-gareeyaasha ugu badan (85) MG / kg, oo muujinaya in ay u sahlato AQ-ka oo ay ku dhacdo qiiqa oo ay soo saareen gubashada dhuxusha, iyo Heerka 35.0% ayaa lagu arkay muunado dhuxul ah. Inta badan si qarsoodi ah, korantada ayaa lahayd heerarka ugu hooseeya ee baarista iyo xiisaha leh ee 56.4% iyo 7.7% siday u kala horreeyaan, oo ay ka kooban yihiin ugu badnaan ee ah 0.020 mg / kg.

Munaaqasho

Iyada oo ku saleysan PFS inta lagu gudajiro ka shaqeynta labada nooc ee ilaha kuleylka, waxay cadeysay in hagaajintaas ay ahayd tallaabada ugu weyn ee keentay kororka heerarka shaaha ee dhuxusha iyo ka shaqeynta tamarta koraaska ah ee AQ ee shaaha. Inta lagu jiro kahortaga shaaha, gubashada dhuxusha waxay soo saartay qiiqa badan ee nidaamka hagaajinta marka loo eego habka loo yaqaan 'pomes-ka ugu weyn ee laga helo caleemaha shaaha oo la mid ah shaandhada shaaha ee shaandhada lagu dubay. Waxyar kor u kacaya AQ-ga ayaa lagu soo bandhigay marxaladda isdhaafsiga ee ay soo jeedisay in qiiqa ay sababaan kaliya gubashada dhuxusha aaney saameyn ku lahayn heerka AQ-ka, laakiin sidoo kale jawiga lagu maareeyo ee ku saabsan dhigashada jawiga. Dhuxul ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalay sidii isha kuleylka ee qalajinta ugu horreeya iyo dib-u-dhiska, laakiin labadan tallaabo ee ay ka kooban tahay aq waxyar ayaa kordhay ama yaraaday waxyar. Tan waxaa lagu sharixi karaa xaqiiqda ah in qalajiyaha kuleylka kuleylka leh ee ku lifaaqan shaah ka fog qiiqa ay sababaan gubashada dhuxusha [26]. Si loo go'aamiyo isha wasaqda, heerarka AQ ee jawiga ayaa la falanqeeyay, taasoo keentay in farqi weyn u dhexeeya labada aqoon-isweydaarsi. Sababta ugu weyn ee tani waa in dhuxusha loo isticmaalo hagaajinta, marka hore qalajinta iyo marxaladaha dib-u-dhigga waxay soo saari doontaa AQ muddada gubashada dhameystiran. AQ Kuwani waxay ka dib kudhaceen qaybo yaryar oo cunnooyinka adkaha ah ka dib gubashada dhuxusha kadibna ku kala firdhiyey hawada, kor u qaadida heerarka wasakhowga AQ ee jawiga is-weydaarsiga [15]. Waqti ka dib, sababtuna tahay aagagga dusha sare ee waaweyn iyo awoodda shaah ee shaaha, ka dib ayaa si qarsoodi ah u xalliyay dusha sare ee caleenta shaaha, taasoo dhalisay kororka AQ ee wax soo saarka. Sidaa darteed, gubashada dhuxusha ayaa loo maleynayay inay tahay wadada ugu weyn ee horseedda wax wasakhoodu ka badan yihiin AQ ee shaaha shaaha, oo leh caloosha uu yahay isha wasakhaysan.

Sida loogu talagalay shaaha shaaha, AQ waxaa kordhay iyada oo la adeegsanayo labada ilo kuleyl, laakiin farqiga u dhexeeya labada ilo ee kuleylka ayaa muhiim ahaa. Natiijooyinka ayaa sidoo kale soo jeediyay in dhuxusha ay ka ciyaarto kaalin kuleyl ah oo ka ciyaara sidii loo kordhin lahaa heerka AQ, iyo hagaajinta ayaa loo arkaa inay tahay tallaabada ugu weyn ee kordhinta sumcadda AQ-ka ee ka dhacaya aruurinta loo yaqaan 'cff'. Inta lagu guda jiro socodsiinta shaaha ee caloosha-gaaska dabiiciga ah ee gaaska dabiiciga ah, isbeddelka heerka AQ-ka ayaa ka hooseeya tareenada cagaaran, sida korantada, waxay yareyn kartaa halista soo saarida sumcadda AQ-ka ee ka baaraandegida.

Marka loo eego tijaabooyinka sambal, natiijooyinka waxay muujisay in xaaladda sumcadda AQ-ka ay ka sii dartay markii la isticmaalayo dhuxul ahaan inta ay ka soo baxdo caleemaha dhuxusha oo ay ku dhagan yihiin goobta shaqada. Si kastaba ha noqotee, in kasta oo ay iska cadahay in korantada ay ahayd isha ugu nadiifsan inta lagu gudajiro shaaha, weli waxaa weli jiray AQ Wacyigelinta Shaah iyadoo la adeegsanayo korantada meesha kuleylka. Xaaladda ayaa u muuqata waxoogaa la mid ah shaqadii hore ee la daabacay oo ay tahay falcelinta ay tahay in hydroquinines 23], sababaha tan loo soo bandhigo ee tan ka baxsan.

Gabagabadii

Shaqadan, ilaha suurtagalka ah ee rabitaanka AQ ee ku saabsan cagaarka iyo cagaarka shaah ee cagaaran ayaa lagu xaqiijiyay isbarbardhiga tijaabooyin ku saleysan hababka GC-MS / MS. Natiijooyinkayaga ayaa si toos ah u taageeray in isha ugu weyn ee wasakhaysan ee heerarka sare ee AQ ee Aq ay ka dhaweyd ay sababaan gubashada, taas oo aan saameyn ku yeelan kaliya marxaladaha howsha laakiin ay sidoo kale saameyn ku yeelatay jawiga aqoon isweydaarsiga. Si ka duwan marxaladaha isbedelka iyo isbadalka, halkaas oo isbeddelada heerka AQ ay ahaayeen kuwo aan isbedel ahayn, marxaladaha ay ku lug yeeshaan dhuxusha iyo xaabada, sida wax lagu hagaajiyo oo ay ka kooban tahay xaddiga xiriirka ka dhexeeya shaah iyo qiiqa inta lagu gudajiro marxaladahan. Sidaa darteed, shidaalka nadiifka ah sida gaaska dabiiciga ah iyo korontada ayaa lagula taliyaa inay yihiin isha kuleylka ee ka shaqeeya shaaha. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, natiijooyinka tijaabada ahi waxay sidoo kale muujisay in maqnaanshaha qiiqa ay dhalisay gubanaya, haddana waxaa jiray arrimo kale oo gacan ka geysaneysa raadinta aqoon-isweydaarsiga oo leh shidaal nadiif ah, oo laga sii wado baarista mustaqbalka.

Qalabka iyo qaababka

DIIWAANGALINTA, Kiimikooyinka iyo Qalabka

Antraquinone Heerka (99.0%) waxaa laga soo iibsaday Dr. Ehninstorffer GMBH (Augsburg, Jarmalka). D8-Anthraquinone Standard Standard (98.6%) waxaa laga soo iibsaday C / D / N WORBEPS (Quebec, Canada). Sodydrium Sodium Sulfate (NA2SO4) iyo Magnesium Sulfate (Mgso4) (Shanghai, china). Florisil waxaa bixiyay shirkad kiimiko ah oo dabiici ah (wzhou, china). Waraaqda Fiber-galaas-galaas ah (90 mm) ayaa laga soo iibsaday shirkadda Ahlstrom-Munksjö (Helsinki, Finland).

Diyaarinta Muunada

Tijaabada shaaha cagaaran ee shaah ah waxaa laga baaraandegayaa hagaajinta, duulista, marka hore qalajinta iyo dib-u-dhiska (iyadoo la adeegsanayo qalabka ku lifaaqan yahay), iyadoo la adeegsanayo cagaaran (oo ay taagnaato cagaaran), hagaajinta, hagaajinta, isku darka, iyo qalajinta. Saamballada talaabo kasta ayaa la soo aruuriyay seddex jeer 100g kadib isku dhaf. Shaybaarka oo dhan waxaa lagu keydiyay -20 ° C si aad u hesho falanqayn dheeraad ah.

Saamballada hawada waxaa lagu soo ururiyey warqad galaas galaas ah (90 mm) iyadoo la adeegsanayo mujal-gallada dhexdhexaadka ah (PTS-100, shirkadda aaladda elektiroonigga ah ee elektiroonigga ah, [27], Shiinaha) [Shiine) [Ming - china)

Muunado la xoojiyay ayaa lagu daadiyay AQ-ka 0.005 mg / kg, 0.010 mg / kg, 0.05 mg / kg, 0.020 mg / kg, 0.03 mg μg / m3 loogu talagalay smaple hawada), 0.072 mg / kg (3.0 μg / m3 muunad hawada ah) ee warqad shaandhada galaaska, siday u kala horreeyaan. Ka dib markii si fiican loo rugo, dhammaan sanbabka waxaa looga tagay 12 saac, waxaana ku xigay soo saarista iyo tallaabooyinka nadiifinta.

Nuxurka qoyaanka ayaa laga helay iyada oo qaadata 20 g oo ah muunadda ka dib marka lagu daro tallaabo kasta, kululaynta 105 ° C ee 1 saac, ka dibna miisaamaysa oo uu u kala saarayo qiimaha celceliska ah oo uu u kala qaybiyo miisaanka ka hor kuleylka.

Soo saarista muunadda iyo nadiifinta

Muunadda shaaha: Soosaarista iyo nadiifinta AQ muunadaha shaaha waxaa lagu sameeyay iyadoo lagu saleynayo habka la daabacay ee ka yimid wang et al. oo leh dhowr la qabsi [21]. Si kooban, 1.5 g oo ah shaybaar shaah ah ayaa markii ugu horreysay lagu qasay 30 μL D8-AQ (2 mg / kg) oo u haray si ay u istaagaan 30 min, ka dibna si fiican ugu qasan 1.5 ml-ka oo ay ka daadatay biyo-galeen ah oo ay u taagan yihiin 30 daqiiqo. 15 ml 20% acetone ee N-Hexane ayaa lagu daray saamiyada shaaha oo waanad ku waara 15 daqiiqo. Markaa muunadaha ayaa loo dejiyey 1.0 g mgso4 ilaa 30 s, oo centrifed loogu talagalay 5 daqiiqo, 11,000 rpm. Ka dib markii loo guuray 100 ml oo looxeeyey oo ah qaab-dhismeedka loo yaqaan 'pear-pering', 10 ml ee wejiga kore ee dabiiciga ah waxaa loo daadgureeyay ku dhawaad ​​qalalan oo ka hooseeya vacuum 37 ° C. 5 ml 2.5% acetone gudaha N-Hexane dib u milma soosaarka ee ku jira farta ku-dhaca pear-qaabeeya ee lagu nadiifiyo. Safka galaaska (10 cm × 0.8 cm) wuxuu ka koobnaa hoos ilaa sare ee dhogorta dhalada iyo 2G Floriisil, kaas oo u dhexeeya laba lakab oo ah 2 cm NA2SO4. Ka dib 5 ml oo ah 2.5% acetone gudaha N-Hexane ayaa sii daayay safka. Ka dib markii la xidho xalka dib-u-dhigga, AQ waxaa lagu tusay saddex jeer 5 ml, 10 ml, 10 ml oo ah 2.5% acetone oo ku taal N-Hexane. Dabaqadaha isku-darka ah ayaa loo gudbiyey flaal-pear qaab-luul qaabeeya oo ay uumi baxayaan ku dhawaad ​​qalalan oo ka hooseeya vace-ka ah 37 ° C. Hadhaaga la qalajiyey ayaa markaa dib loo habeeyay 1 ml oo ah 2.5% acetone oo ku jirta hexane oo ay ku xigto filtration illaa finanka 0.22 μm prore cabirkooda. Ka dib xalka dib loo dhigay ayaa lagu qasay acetonitrile saamiga mugga 1: 1. Raacitaanka tallaabada gariirka, qayb-galka waxaa loo adeegsaday GC-MS / MS / MS.

Muunad hawada: Kalabar waraaqda fiber, oo ay la galeen 18 μl d8-AQ (2 mg / kg), waxaa lagu dhex maray 15 ml oo ah 20% acetone gudaha N-Hexane, ka dib. Wejiga dabiiciga ah wuxuu u kala baxay 11,000 rpm muddo 5 daqiiqo ah oo dhan lakabka sare oo dhan ayaa laga saaray meel loo yaqaan 'pears'. Dhammaan wejiyada dabiiciga ah waxaa loo daadgureeyay ku dhawaad ​​qalalan oo ka hooseeya vacuum 37 ° C. 5 ml oo ah 2.5% acetone oo ku jirta Hexane Remissipps-ka dib-u-soo-saarka ee lagu nadiifiyo si la mid ah sida saamiyada shaaha.

GC-MS / MS / MS Falanqaynta

VIRIangrapopraphroprographroprographographographographographographographographographophographograph-ka Varian 450 Gar Gas ah oo ku qalabeysan varnian 300 oo ah baara, Walmut Creek, ca, USA) ayaa loo adeegsaday in lagu sameeyo Falanqaynta AQ-ka ee Nooca Shaqogalka MS.9.3 Software. Factor Varian Fored Colahan VF-5ms (30 M × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) waxaa loo isticmaalay kala-goynta chromasoosic. Gawaarida side (helation (> 99.999%), waxaa lagu dejiyey sicirka qulqulka joogtada ah ee 1.0 ml / min shil shil ah argon (> 99.999%). Heerkulka foornada wuxuu ka bilaabmay 80 ° C oo lagu qabtay 1 daqiiqo; Kordhisay 15 ° C / min ilaa 240 ° C, ka dibna la gaadhay 260 ° C 20 ° C 20 ° C / min oo lagu hayo 5min. Heerkulka Ion Ion wuxuu ahaa 210 ° C, iyo sidoo kale heerkulka khadka wareejinta ee 280 ° C. Mugga duritaanka waxay ahayd 1.0 μL. Xaaladaha MRM waxaa lagu muujiyey Shaxda 3.

Alaabkii 8890 gaaska gaaska ku qalabaysan oo leh qabaaon 7000d sedex quadruperometer (stevens, Stevens Creek, CA, USA) waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu faafiyo saameynta Masruufka 10.1 Software. Safaaradda AGELT J & 5MS GC-5MS GC (30 M × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) waxaa loo isticmaalay kala-goynta chromasoosic. Gaaska side, helium (> 99.999%), waxaa lagu dejiyay sicirka qulqulka joogtada ah ee 2.25 ml / min-shilleyda shilka ee nitrogen (> 99.999%). Heerkulka isha EI ion ayaa lagu habeeyay 280 ° C, oo la mid ah heerkulka khadka wareejinta. Heerkulka foornada wuxuu ka bilaabmay 80 ° C oo waxaa la qabtay 5 daqiiqo; Waxaa kor u qaaday 15 ° C / min ilaa 240 ° C, ka dibna la gaadhay 280 ° C 25 ° C 25 ° C / min oo lagu ilaaliyaa 5 daqiiqo. Xaaladaha MRM waxaa lagu muujiyey Shaxda 3.

Falanqaynta tirakoobka
AQ Numbers caleemo cusub ayaa la saxay si ay u qalalaan arintooda iyada oo loo qaybiyo qoyaan-qoyaanka si loo barbardhigo oo falanqayn karo heerarka AQ muddada hawsha.

Isbedelada AQ ee muunado shaaha ah ayaa lagu qiimeeyay Microsoft Excrel software iyo tirakoobka IBM SPSS 20.

Qeexida qodobka waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu qeexo isbeddelada ku dhaca AQ muddadii ay ka shaqeeyaan shaaha. Pf = rl / rf, halkaasoo rf ay tahay heerka AQ ee ka hor tallaabada iyo RL uu yahay heerka AQ-ka ka dib tallaabada ka dib tallaabada. PF waxay muujineysaa hoos u dhac (PF <1) ama koror (PF> 1) haraaga AQ inta lagu gudajiro tallaabo qaas ah.

Aniga ayaa muujinaya hoos u dhac (aniga <1) ama kor u kaca (aniga> 1) Iyada oo laga jawaabayo aaladaha falanqaynta, taas oo ku saleysan saamiga dhaadheer ee lagu dhejiyo xargaha.

Aniga = (slopematrix / slopesolveslum - 1) × 100%

Meesha Slopematrix waa jaranjarada qalooca qalooca ee ku jirta xalka lagu ciyaaro ee matrix-setven-ka ciyaarta, si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa ah jaranjarada qalooca qalooca.

Mahadnaq
Shaqadan waxaa taageeray mashruuca weyn ee sayniska iyo tikniyoolajiyadda ee gobolka Zhejiang gobolka (2015C12001) iyo aasaaska sayniska ee Shiinaha ee Shiinaha (42007354).
Khilaafka xiisaha
Qorayaashu waxay cadeeyeen inaysan lahayn khilaaf khilaaf ah.
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Ku saabsan qodobkaan
Xusuusnow maqaalkan
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