Iyo inorwisa-kuzvimba uye detoxifying mhedzisiro yetii yakanyorwa kare seShennong herbal classic. Nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, vanhu vanobhadhara zvakanyanya
uye kunyanya kutarisa kune hutano hwehutano hwetii. Tea yakapfuma mutii polyphenols, tii polysaccharides, theanine, caffeine uye zvimwe zvinoshanda zvikamu. Iyo ine mukana wekudzivirira kufutisa, chirwere cheshuga, chisingaperi kuzvimba uye zvimwe zvirwere.
Intestinal flora inoonekwa se "metabolic organ" yakakosha uye "endocrine organ", iyo inoumbwa ne100trillion ma microorganisms ari muura. Intestinal flora inowirirana zvakanyanya nekuitika kwekufutisa, chirwere cheshuga, hypertension nezvimwe zvirwere.
Mumakore achangopfuura, ongororo dzakawanda uye dzakawanda dzakawana kuti iyo yakasarudzika yehutano mhedzisiro yetii inogona kuve yakakonzerwa nekudyidzana pakati petii, inoshanda zvikamu uye maruva emudumbu. Nhamba huru yezvinyorwa zvakatsigira kuti tii polyphenols ine yakaderera bioavailability inogona kutorwa uye kushandiswa nehutachiona mumatumbo makuru, zvichikonzera hutano hunobatsira. Nekudaro, iyo yekudyidzana nzira pakati petii uye intestinal flora haina kujeka. Ingave iyo yakananga mhedzisiro yemametabolites etii inoshanda zvikamu nekutora chikamu kwehutachiona, kana iyo isina kunanga mhedzisiro yetii inokurudzira kukura kweakananga anobatsira ma microorganisms mumatumbo kuburitsa anobatsira metabolites.
Naizvozvo, bepa rino rinopfupisa kudyidzana pakati petii uye inoshanda zvikamu uye maruva emudumbu kumba nekune dzimwe nyika mumakore achangopfuura, uye inosanganisa nzira yekudzora ye "tii nezvikamu zvayo zvinoshanda - maruva emudumbu - intestinal metabolites - hutano hwehutano", kuitira ipa mazano matsva ekudzidza kwehutano hwehutano hweti uye zvikamu zvayo zvinoshanda.

01
Hukama pakati pemaruva emudumbu uye homeostasis yemunhu
Nenzvimbo inodziya uye isinga patsanurwe yemudumbu wemunhu, tupukanana tunogona kukura nekuberekana mudumbu remunhu, inova chikamu chisinga patsanurwe chemuviri wemunhu. Iyo microbiota inotakurwa nemuviri wemunhu inogona kukura mukufambirana nekukura kwemuviri wemunhu, uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwayo kwenguva uye kusiyana mukukura kusvika pakufa.
Miti yemudumbu inogona kuita zvakakosha pakudzivirira kwevanhu, metabolism uye hurongwa hwetsinga kuburikidza nehupfumi hwayo hwemetabolites, senge short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Mumatumbo evanhu vakuru vane utano hwakanaka, Bacteroidetes uye Firmicutes ndiyo maruva ane simba, anoverengera kupfuura 90% yehuwandu hwematumbo emukati, inoteverwa neActinobacteria, Proteobacteria, verrucomicrobia nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana mumatumbo zvinosanganiswa mune imwe chikamu, kudzora uye zvinoenderana nemumwe, kuitira kuchengetedza chiyero chemukati che intestinal homeostasis. Kushushikana mupfungwa, kudya, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kusakwana kwemudumbu pH uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoparadza kugadzikana-kwemamiriro emukati, kukonzera kusaenzana kwemaruva emudumbu, uye kusvika pamwero wakati, kukonzeresa metabolic kusagadzikana, kuzvimba kuita, uye kunyangwe zvimwe zvirwere zvinoenderana. , zvakadai sezvirwere zvepamuviri, zvirwere zveuropi uye zvichingodaro.
Kudya ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chinokanganisa maruva emukati. Zvokudya zvine utano (zvakadai semafuta akawanda ezvokudya, prebiotics, nezvimwewo) zvichakurudzira kupfumiswa kwebhakitiriya inobatsira, zvakadai sekuwedzera kwenhamba yeLactobacillus uye Bifidobacterium inogadzira SCFAs, kuitira kuti iwedzere insulin senitivity uye kukurudzira hutano hwevaenzi. Zvokudya zvisina kunaka (zvakadai seshuga yakawanda uye kudya kwekoriori yakawanda) kuchashandura kuumbwa kwemaruva emukati uye kuwedzera chikamu cheGram-negative mabhakitiriya, nepo mabhakitiriya akawanda eGram-negative achakurudzira kugadzirwa kwe lipopolysaccharide (LPS), kuwedzera intestinal permeability, uye kutungamirira kune kufutisa, kuzvimba uye kunyange endotoxemia.
Nokudaro, kudya kwakakosha zvikuru kuchengetedza uye kuumba iyo homeostasis yemudumbu maruva emuenzi, ayo ane hukama zvakananga nehutano hwemuenzi.

02

Kudzora kwetii uye zvikamu zvayo zvinoshanda pamaruva emukati
Parizvino, kune anopfuura mazana manomwe anozivikanwa makomisheni mutii, anosanganisira tii polyphenols, tii polysaccharides, theanine, caffeine uye zvichingodaro. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti tii uye zvikamu zvayo zvinoshanda zvinoita basa rakakosha mukusiyana kwemaruva emukati memunhu, kusanganisira kusimudzira kukura kweprobiotics senge akkermansia, bifidobacteria uye Roseburia, uye kuvharidzira kukura kwebhakitiriya inokuvadza senge Enterobacteriaceae uye Helicobacter.
1. Kugadziriswa kwetii pamaruva emukati
Mune iyo colitis modhi yakakonzerwa ne dextran sodium sulfate, iwo ma teas matanhatu akaratidzwa kuve ane prebiotic mhedzisiro, iyo inogona zvakanyanya kuwedzera kusiyanisa kwemukati maruva mucolitis mice, kuderedza kuwanda kweanogona kukuvadza mabhakitiriya uye kuwedzera kuwanda kweanogona kubatsira mabhakitiriya.

Huang et al. Yakaona kuti kupindira kurapwa kwePu'er tea kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuputika kwemukati kunokonzerwa ne dextran sodium sulfate; Panguva imwecheteyo, kurapwa kwekupindira kwePu'er tii kunogona kuderedza kuwanda kweanogona kukuvadza mabhakitiriya Spirillum, cyanobacteria uye Enterobacteriaceae, uye kukurudzira kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehutachiona hunobatsira Ackermann, Lactobacillus, muribaculum uye ruminococcaceae ucg-014. Iyo fecal bacteria transplantation kuyedza yakawedzera kuratidza kuti Pu'er tii inogona kuvandudza colitis inokonzerwa nedextran sodium sulfate nekudzoreredza kusaenzana kwemaruva emudumbu. Kuvandudzwa uku kungave kuri nekuda kwekuwedzera kweSCFAs zvirimo mugonzo cecum uye activation yezvinogamuchirwa necolonic peroxisome proliferators γ Kuwedzera kutaura. Zvidzidzo izvi zvinoratidza kuti tii ine prebiotic chiitiko, uye hutano hwehutano hwetii hunonzi hunenge muchikamu kune kudzora kwayo maruva emukati.

2. Kudzora kwetii polyphenols pane intestinal flora
Zhu et al akawana kuti kupindira kweFuzhuan Tea Polyphenol kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kusaenzana kwemaruva emukumbo mumakonzo anokonzerwa nekudya kwemafuta akawanda, kuwedzera kusiyanisa kwemaruva emukumbo, kuderedza chiyero cheFirmicutes / Bacteroidetes, uye kuwedzera zvakanyanya kuwanda kweimwe nheyo. ma microorganisms, kusanganisira akkermansia muciniphila, alloprevotella Bacteroides uye faecalis baculum, uye fecal bacteria transplantation kuyedza zvakaratidza kuti huremu hweFuzhuan Tea polyphenols hunoenderana zvakananga nemaruva emudumbu. Wu et al. Zvakaratidza kuti mumuenzaniso wecolitis inokonzerwa nedextran sodium sulfate, kuderedza mhedzisiro ye epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) pane colitis inowanikwa nekudzora maruva emudumbu. EGCG inogona kunyatso kuvandudza kuwanda kwakawanda kweSCFAs inogadzira tupukanana, seAckermann uye Lactobacillus. Iyo prebiotic mhedzisiro yetii polyphenols inogona kuderedza kusaenzana kwematumbo emaruva anokonzerwa neakaipa zvinhu. Kunyangwe iyo chaiyo bhakitiriya taxa inodzorwa neakasiyana masosi etii polyphenols inogona kunge yakasiyana, hapana mubvunzo kuti hutano hunoshanda hweti polyphenols hune hukama zvakanyanya nemaruva emudumbu.
3. Kudzora kwetii polysaccharide pane intestinal flora
Tea polysaccharides inogona kuwedzera kusiyanisa kwemaruva emukati. Iyo yakawanikwa mumatumbo echirwere cheshuga modhi makonzo kuti tii polysaccharides inogona kuwedzera huwandu hwakawanda hweSCFAs inogadzira tupukanana, senge lachnospira, victivallis uye Rossella, uyezve kuvandudza glucose uye lipid metabolism. Panguva imwecheteyo, mumuenzaniso wecolitis wakakonzerwa ne dextran sodium sulfate, tei polysaccharide yakawanikwa kukurudzira kukura kweBacteroides, iyo inogona kuderedza chiyero cheLPS mumarara uye plasma, kuwedzera basa remukati epithelial barrier uye inhibit intestinal uye systemic. kuzvimba. Naizvozvo, tii polysaccharide inogona kukurudzira kukura kweanogona kubatsira tupukanana akadai seSCFAs uye kutadzisa kukura kweLPS inogadzira tupukanana, kuitira kuvandudza chimiro uye kuumbwa kwemaruva emukati uye kuchengetedza homeostasis yehukuro hwemunhu.
4. Kugadziriswa kwezvimwe zvikamu zvinoshanda mutii pamaruva emukati
Tea saponin, inozivikanwawo setii saponin, imhando yemakomisheni eglycoside ane chimiro chakaomarara chakatorwa kubva mhodzi dzetii. Iine huremu hombe hwemamorekuru, yakasimba polarity uye iri nyore kunyungudika mumvura. Li Yu nevamwe vakadyisa makwayana akarumurwa netii saponin. Migumisiro yekuongorora maruva emukati yakaratidza kuti huwandu hwehuwandu hwehutachiona hunobatsira hunoenderana nekusimudzirwa kwekudzivirira kwemuviri uye kukwanisa kudya kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, asi huwandu hwehutachiona hunokuvadza hune chokuita nehutachiona hwemuviri hwakaderera zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, tei saponin ine yakanaka yakanaka mhedzisiro pamatumbo emaruva emakwayana. Kupindira kwetii saponin kunogona kuwedzera kusiyanisa kwemaruva emukati, kunatsiridza intestinal homeostasis, uye kuwedzera kusadzivirirwa uye kugona kugaya kwemuviri.
Uye zvakare, iwo makuru anoshanda zvikamu mutii zvakare anosanganisira theanine uye caffeine. Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo yakakwira bioavailability ye theanine, caffeine uye zvimwe zvinoshanda zvinoriumba, kubatwa kwacho kwakanyatso kupedzwa kusati kwasvika muura hombe, nepo maruva emukati anonyanya kugoverwa muura hombe. Nokudaro, kuwirirana pakati pavo uye maruva emukumbo hakusi pachena.

03
Tea uye zvikamu zvayo zvinoshanda zvinogadzirisa maruva emukati
Nzira dzinogona kuitika dzinokanganisa hutano hwevaenzi
Lipinski nevamwe vanotenda kuti makemikari ane yakaderera bioavailability kazhinji ane zvinotevera maitiro: (1) komputa molecular uremu> 500, logP> 5; (2) Huwandu hwe - Oh kana - NH mukomboni ndeye ≥ 5; (3) Iboka reN kana O boka rinogona kuumba hydrogen bond mukomboni ≥ 10. Zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvinoshanda mutii, zvakadai se theaflavin, thearubin, tea polysaccharide uye mamwe macromolecular compounds, zvakaoma kubatwa zvakananga nemuviri womunhu. nekuti vane zvese kana chikamu chezvimiro zviri pamusoro.
Nekudaro, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti makomisheni aya anogona kuve chikafu chemaruva emudumbu. Kune rimwe divi, zvinhu izvi zvisina kuvharwa zvinogona kuderedzwa kuita diki mamorekuru anoshanda zvinhu zvakaita seSCFAs zvekutorwa kwevanhu uye kushandiswa nekutora chikamu kwemaruva emudumbu. Nekune rimwe divi, zvinhu izvi zvinogona zvakare kudzora maruva emudumbu, kukurudzira kukura kweanobatsira tupukanana tunogadzira zvinhu zvakaita seSCFAs uye kutadzisa kukura kwehutachiona hunokuvadza hunogadzira zvinhu zvakaita seLPS.
Koropatkin et al vakawana kuti maruva emudumbu anogona kumisa polysaccharides mutii mune yechipiri metabolites inodzorwa neSCFAs kuburikidza nekuderera kwekutanga uye kuderera kwechipiri. Uye zvakare, tii polyphenols muura isingabatiki zvakananga uye kushandiswa nemuviri wemunhu kazhinji inogona kushandurwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuita inonhuhwirira makomisheni, phenolic acids uye zvimwe zvinhu zviri pasi pekuita kwemaruva emukati, kuitira kuratidza yakakwirira physiological chiitiko chekutorwa kwevanhu. uye kushandiswa.
Nhamba huru yezvidzidzo yakasimbisa kuti tii uye nhengo dzayo dzinoshanda zvinonyanya kudzora maruva emukati nekuchengetedza hutachiona hwemukati, kusimudzira kukura kwebhakitiriya anobatsira uye kuvharira mabhakitiriya anokuvadza, kuitira kudzora hutachiona hwemetabolites yekutorwa uye kushandiswa kwevanhu, uye kupa kutamba kwakazara. kune hutano hunokosha hweti uye zvikamu zvayo zvinoshanda. Yakasanganiswa nekuongorora mabhuku, maitiro etii, zvikamu zvaro zvinoshanda uye maruva emukati anokanganisa hutano hwevagamuchiri hunogona kunyanya kuratidzwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvinotevera.
1. Tea uye nhengo dzayo dzinoshanda - maruva emukati - SCFAs - nzira yekutonga yehutano hwevaenzi.
Majini emaruva emudumbu akakwira zvakapetwa ka150 pane majini evanhu. Kusiyana-siyana kwemajini ehutachiona hunoita kuti ive nema enzymes uye biochemical metabolic nzira iyo muenzi asina, uye inogona kukodha nhamba yakakura yema enzymes inoshaikwa nemuviri wemunhu kushandura polysaccharides kuita monosaccharides uye SCFAs.
SCFAs inoumbwa nekuvirisa uye kushandurwa kwechikafu chisina kugezwa muura. Ndiyo metabolite huru ye microorganisms kumagumo emukati emukati, kunyanya kusanganisira acetic acid, propionic acid uye butyric acid. SCFAs inoonekwa seine hukama hwepedyo neglucose uye lipid metabolism, kuzvimba kwemukati, chemukati chemukati, kufamba kwematumbo uye immune function. Mumuenzaniso wecolitis unokonzerwa nedextran sodium sulfate, tii inogona kuwedzera kuwanda kweSCFAs inogadzira tupukanana mudumbu rembeva uye kuwedzera zvirimo zveacetic acid, propionic acid uye butyric acid mutsvina, kuitira kuderedza kuzvimba kwematumbo. Pu'er tii polysaccharide inogona kudzora zvakanyanya maruva emudumbu, kukurudzira kukura kweSCFAs inogadzira tupukanana uye kuwedzera zvirimo zveSCFAs mumakonzo tsvina. Zvakafanana nemapolysaccharides, kudyiwa kwetii polyphenols kunogonawo kuwedzera kuwanda kweSCFAs uye kukurudzira kukura kweSCFAs inogadzira tupukanana. Panguva imwecheteyo, Wang et al vakawana kuti kutora thearubicin kunogona kuwedzera kuwanda kwemaruva emudumbu anogadzira maSCFAs, kukurudzira kuumbwa kweSCFAs mukoloni, kunyanya kuumbwa kwebutyric acid, kukurudzira beige yemafuta machena uye kuvandudza kuputika. chirwere chinokonzerwa nekudya kwemafuta akawanda.
Naizvozvo, tii uye zvikamu zvayo zvinoshanda zvinogona kusimudzira kukura uye kubereka kweSCFAs inogadzira tupukanana nekugadzirisa intestinal flora, kuitira kuti iwedzere zvirimo zveSCFAs mumuviri uye kutamba inoenderana hutano basa.

2. Tea nenhengo dzayo dzinoshanda - intestinal flora - bas - regulatory mechanism yehutano hwevaenzi.
Bile acid (BAS) imwe mhando yemakomponi ane mhedzisiro yakanaka pahutano hwevanhu, iyo inogadzirwa nehepatocytes. Iyo yekutanga bile acids inogadzirwa muchiropa inosanganiswa netaurine uye glycine uye inovanzwa muura. Zvino nhevedzano yekuita senge dehydroxylation, kusiyanisa isomerization uye oxidation kunoitika pasi pekuita kwemaruva emukati, uye pakupedzisira sekondari bile acids inogadzirwa. Naizvozvo, maruva emukati anoita basa rakakosha mumetabolism yebas.
Uye zvakare, shanduko dzeBAS zvakare dzine hukama zvakanyanya neglucose uye lipid metabolism, intestinal barriers uye nhanho yekuzvimba. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti Pu'er tii uye theabrownin inogona kuderedza cholesterol uye lipid nekuvharisa tupukanana tune hukama ne bile salt hydrolase (BSH) chiitiko uye kuwedzera nhanho yeileal bound bile acids. Kuburikidza nehutungamiri hwakabatanidzwa hweEGCG uye caffeine, Zhu et al. Wakaona kuti basa retii mukuderedza mafuta uye uremu hunogona kunge huri nekuti EGCG uye caffeine inogona kuvandudza kutaura kwe bile saline lyase BSH geni yemudumbu flora, kukurudzira kugadzirwa kweasina conjugated bile acids, kushandura bile acid dziva, uyezve kuvharisa kufutisa. zvinokonzerwa nekudya kwemafuta akawanda.
Naizvozvo, tii uye zvikamu zvayo zvinoshanda zvinogona kudzora kukura uye kubereka kwehutachiona hunoenderana zvakanyanya nemetabolism yeBAS, uyezve kuchinja iyo bile acid dziva mumuviri, kuitira kuti itambe basa re lipid-kudzikisa uye uremu.
3. Tea uye nhengo dzayo dzinoshanda - maruva emudumbu - mamwe metabolites emudumbu - nzira yekutonga yehutano hwehutano.
LPS, inozivikanwawo se endotoxin, ndiyo yekunze chikamu chesero madziro eGram-negative bacteria. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kusagadzikana kwemaruva emukati kunokonzeresa kukuvadzwa kwemukati wemukati, LPS inopinda mumhepo inotenderera, uye yozotungamira kune yakatevedzana yekuzvimba maitiro. Zuo Gaolong et al. Yakaona kuti Fuzhuan Tea yakaderedza zvakanyanya chiyero che serum LPS mumakonzo ane nonalcoholic mafuta echiropa chirwere, uye nhamba yeGram-negative mabhakitiriya mumatumbo yakaderera zvikuru. Zvakanga zvichifungidzirwa kuti Fuzhuan Tea inogona kutadzisa kukura kweGram-negative mabhakitiriya anobudisa LPS muura.
Pamusoro pezvo, tii uye zvikamu zvayo zvinoshanda zvinogona zvakare kudzora zviri mukati mezvakasiyana-siyana zvematabolites emudumbu maruva kuburikidza nemaruva emudumbu, senge saturated fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, vitamin K2 nezvimwe zvinhu, kuitira kudzora shuga uye lipid metabolism. uye chengetedza mapfupa.

04
Mhedziso
Seimwe yezvinwiwa zvakakurumbira munyika, hutano hwehutano hwetii hwakadzidzwa zvakanyanya mumasero, mhuka uye kunyange muviri wemunhu. Munguva yakapfuura, zvaiwanzofungidzirwa kuti hutano hwehutano hwetii hwainyanya kuita sterilization, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Mumakore achangopfuura, kudzidza kwemaruva emukati zvishoma nezvishoma kwakakwezva kutarisisa kukuru. Kubva pakatanga "chirwere chechirwere chemudumbu" kusvika ikozvino "kugamuchira intestinal flora intestinal metabolites chirwere", inotsanangura zvakare hukama pakati pechirwere nemaruva emudumbu. Nekudaro, parizvino, tsvagiridzo pamusoro pekutonga kwetii uye zvikamu zvayo zvinoshanda pamaruva emukumbo zvakanyanya kutarisisa kudzora intestinal flora kusagadzikana, kukurudzira kukura kwebhakitiriya anobatsira uye kuvharira kukura kwebhakitiriya inokuvadza, nepo paine kushomeka kwekutsvaga pamusoro pe hukama chaihwo pakati petii uye zvikamu zvayo zvinoshanda zvinogadzirisa maruva emukati uye hutano hwevaenzi.
Naizvozvo, zvichibva papfupiso yakarongeka yezvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura, pepa iri rinoumba pfungwa huru ye "tii uye zvikamu zvayo zvinoshanda - intestinal flora - intestinal metabolites - hutano hwehutano", kuitira kupa mazano matsva ekudzidza kwehutano hwehutano tei uye zvikamu zvayo zvinoshanda.
Nekuda kwemaitiro asina kujeka e "tei uye ayo anoshanda zvikamu - intestinal flora - intestinal metabolites - host hutano", tarisiro yekusimudzira musika weti uye zvikamu zvayo zvinoshanda se prebiotics ishoma. Mumakore achangopfuura, "mhinduro yemishonga yega yega" yakawanikwa yakanyatsoenderana nekusiyana kwemaruva emukati. Panguva imwecheteyo, nechikumbiro chepfungwa dze "precision mushonga", "chaiyo chikafu" uye "chaiyo chikafu", zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvinoiswa pamberi pakujekesa hukama pakati pe "tei uye zvikamu zvayo zvinoshanda - maruva emudumbu - intestinal metabolites - hutano hwevaenzi”. Mukutsvaga kweramangwana, vatsvakurudzi vanofanira kuwedzera kujekesa kupindirana pakati petii nezvikamu zvayo zvinoshanda uye maruva emukati nerubatsiro rwenzira dzepamusoro dzesainzi, dzakadai semusanganiswa wemapoka akawanda (akadai se macrogenome uye metabolome). Mabasa ehutano etii uye zvikamu zvayo zvinoshanda zvakaongororwa nekushandisa hunyanzvi hwekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kucheneswa kwematumbu emudumbu uye mbeva dzisina mbereko. Kunyangwe iyo magadzirirwo etii uye ayo anoshanda zvikamu zvinobata intestinal flora inokanganisa hutano hwevaenzi haina kujeka, hapana kupokana kuti kudzora mhedzisiro yetii uye yayo inoshanda zvikamu pamatumbo emukati chinhu chakakosha mutakuri wehutano hwayo basa.