Tii yakasviba tii yakaviriswa zvizere, uye kugadziridzwa kwayo kwakapinda kwakaoma makemikari reaction process, iyo yakavakirwa pane yekuzvarwa makemikari kuumbwa kwemashizha matsva nemitemo yayo inochinja, ichichinja nemaitiro maitiro ekuita kuti igadzire iyo yakasarudzika ruvara, kunhuhwirira, kuravira uye. chimiro che black tea. Black tea kazhinji ine hunhu hwe "muto mutsvuku uye mashizha matsvuku".

Chinese black tii inosanganisira Souchong nhema tii, Gongfu nhema tii uye yakaputsika dema tii. Soochong black tea ndiyo yekare nhema tii. Inogadzirwa muWuyi Mountain uye ndiyo yakatanga mamwe matema tii. Kune akawanda marudzi eGongfu dema tii, uye kwakabva kwakasiyanawo. Semuenzaniso, kugadzirwa kukuru kweQimen Gongfu black tea muQimen County, Anhui, uye Yunnan red tea Gongfu, nezvimwewo; Tii nhema yakaputsika inoparadzirwa zvakanyanya, kunyanya kutengeswa kunze kwenyika.

Mukugadzirisa, iyo oxidative polymerization reaction inogadzira zvinhu zvine mavara senge theaflavins, thearubicins, uye thefuscins. Zvinhu izvi, pamwe chete ne caffeine, amino acids emahara, shuga inonyungudika uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemukati, zvinokanganisa ruvara uye kuravira kwetii nhema; panguva imwecheteyo, glycosides Enzymatic hydrolysis inoburitsa terpene makomisheni, uye iyo oxidative degradation yeunsaturated fatty acids inokanganisa kunhuhwirira kwemhando yeblack tii.

Iyo nzira yekugadzira tii yakasviba haiparadzaniswe, uye tekinoroji yekugadzira inonyanya kusanganisa maitiro mana ekuoma, kukungurutsa, kuvirisa uye kuomesa. Ndeapi mabasa anoita maitiro aya mukugadzirwa kweblack tea?

1.kusvava.

Withering ndiyo nzira yekutanga mukugadzirwa kweblack tii, uye zvakare ndiyo nzira yekutanga kugadzira mhando yeblack tii. Withering ine maitiro maviri:

Imwe ndeyekufefetedza chikamu chemvura, kuderedza kushushikana kwemasero etii, kuita kuti shizha ribve kubva kune brittle kusvika kune rakapfava, kuwedzera kuoma kwemabuds nemashizha, uye kuita kuti zvive nyore kumonyorora kuita mitsetse.

Chechipiri chinokodzera shanduko mune zviri mukati mezvinhu. Nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwemvura, kupenya kwesero membrane kunowedzerwa, uye iyo ine biological enzymes inogadziriswa zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichikonzera shanduko yemakemikari mune zviri mukati matipi matipi, ichiisa hwaro hwekuumbwa kweiyo chaiyo mhando yemhando. black tea ruvara uye kunhuhwirira.

2. Kanyakuita (Rolling)

Kukanya (kucheka) inzira yakakosha yeGongfu dema tii uye yakaputsika dema tii kuti igadzire chimiro chakanaka uye iite yemukati mhando. Gongfu dema tii inoda kutaridzika kwakasimba uye kuravira kwakasimba kwemukati, zvinoenderana nehupamhi hwekusimba kwemashizha uye kuparadzwa kwesero tishu.

Pane mabasa matatu ekuumburudza:

Imwe ndeyekuparadza mashizha emasero emashizha nekukunguruka, kuitira kuti muto wetii ufukidze, kukurumidza kuwedzera enzymatic oxidation ye polyphenol compounds, uye kuisa nheyo yekuumbwa kweiyo yakasarudzika endoplasm yeblack tii.

Yechipiri ndeyekukungurusa mashizha kuita tambo yakasimba yakatwasuka, kuderedza chimiro chemuviri, uye kugadzira chitarisiko chakanaka.

Chechitatu ndechekuti muto wetii unopfachukira uye unounganidza pamusoro pemashizha emashizha, ayo anonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura panguva yekubika, kuwedzera kusanganiswa kwesobho yetii uye kuumba chitarisiko chinopenya uye chine mafuta.

3. Kuvirisa

Fermentation ndiyo nzira yakakosha yekugadzirwa kwemavara etii nhema, kunhuhwirira, uye kuravira kwemhando. Kuvirisa kwakanaka chete ndiko kunogona kuumba mamwe theaflavins uye thearubigen, pamwe nekumwe kunhuhwirira uye kunhuhwirira zvinhu.

Kuvirisa inzira inoenderera, kwete muitiro chete. Kuvirisa kwagara kuripo kubva tii nhema yakakungurutswa nekuomeswa. Kazhinji, nzira yakakosha yekuvirisa inogadziriswa isati yaoma mushure mekukunguruka, kuitira kuti tei isvike padanho rakakodzera.

Kana tii nhema yaviriswa, mashizha etii akakanywa anowanzoiswa mufuremu yekuvirisa kana mungoro yekuvirisa, yozoiswa mutangi rekuvirisa kana mukamuri yekuvirisa kuti ivirise. Mumakore achangopfuura, mimwe michina mitsva yekuvirisa yakazvarwa. Kuvirisa kunofanirwa kusangana netembiricha yakakodzera, hunyoro uye huwandu hweokisijeni hunodiwa kune oxidative polymerization yetii polyphenolase.

4. Dry.

Kuomesa kunoitwa nekuomesa, kazhinji kukamurwa kuita kaviri, kekutanga kunonzi moto webvudzi, kechipiri kunonzi tsoka yemoto. Bvudzi netsoka moto zvinoda kupararira zvinotonhorera.

Kuomesa kunoshandawo zvinangwa zvitatu:

Imwe ndeye kushandisa tembiricha yakanyanya kukurumidza kumisa enzyme basa, kumisa enzymatic oxidation, uye kugadzirisa kunaka kwekuvirisa.

Chechipiri ndechokubvisa mvura, kuderedza matanda eti, kugadzirisa chimiro, uye kuchengetedza tsoka dzakaoma, izvo zvinobatsira kuchengetedza hutano.

Yechitatu ndeyekuburitsa huswa huzhinji hune hunyoro hwakaderera, kuwedzera uye kuchengetedza zvinhu zvinonhuhwirira zvine mwero wepamusoro, uye kuwana kunhuhwirira kunotapira kwetii nhema.