Organic tii inotevera mitemo yechisikigo uye misimboti yezvakatipoteredza mukugadzira, inotora tekinoroji yekurima inobatsira kune ecology uye nharaunda, haishandise mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, mafetireza, maregi ekukura uye zvimwe zvinhu, uye haishandise makemikari ekugadzira mukugadzirisa. . yezvekuwedzera kwechikafu cheti uye zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana.

Zvizhinji zvezvakagadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mukugadziriswa kwePu-erhtii inorimwa munzvimbo dzine makomo dzine nharaunda yakanaka yezvakatipoteredza uye kure nemaguta. Idzi nzvimbo dzine makomo dzine kusvibiswa kushoma, mamiriro ekunze akakodzera, musiyano mukuru wetembiricha pakati pemasikati neusiku, yakawanda ivhu humus, yakakwirira organic zvinhu, kudya kwakakwana, kuramba kwakanaka kwetii miti, uye mhando yepamusoro yetii. Yakanakisa, kuisa hwaro hwakanaka hwekugadzira organic Pu-erhchai.

Iko kusimudzira uye kugadzirwa kwe organic Pu-erhzvigadzirwa haingori chiyero chinoshanda chemabhizinesi ekuvandudza mhando uye musika kukwikwidza kwePu-erhtii, asiwo yakakosha nzira yekugadzira kuchengetedza nharaunda yeYunnan uye kuchengetedza zviwanikwa, zvine tarisiro yakakura yebudiriro.

Chinyorwa chinopfupisa tekinoroji yekugadzirisa uye zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zve organic Pu-erhtii, uye inopa chirevo chekuongorora nekugadzira mirairo yehunyanzvi yeorganic Pu-erhkugadzira tii, uye zvakare inopa tekinoroji referensi yekugadzirisa uye kugadzirwa kwe organic Pu-erhchai.

01 Zvinodiwa kune Organic Pu'er Tea Vagadziri

1. Zvinodiwa zveOrganic Pu-erhVagadziri veTii

Zvinodiwa zvekufanirwa

Organic Pu-erhZvigadzirwa zvetii zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi muyero yenyika yezvigadzirwa zve organic GB/T 19630-2019. Zvigadzirwa zvakagadziriswa zvakasimbiswa neakakodzera certification masisitimu, aine yakazara chigadzirwa traceability system uye marekodhi ekugadzira ruzha.

Iyo organic chigadzirwa certification inopihwa nesangano retifiketi zvinoenderana nezvinopihwa zve "Organic Chigadzirwa Certification Management Measures" uye inoshanda kwegore rimwe. Inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: organic chigadzirwa certification uye organic shanduko certification. Yakasanganiswa nekugadzirwa chaiko uye kugadzirisa kwezvigadzirwa zvetii, iyo organic chigadzirwa certification chitupa chinorekodha zvakadzama ruzivo rwebindu retii, goho reshizha nyowani, organic tii chigadzirwa zita, kero yekugadzirisa, huwandu hwekugadzira uye rumwe ruzivo.

Parizvino, kune marudzi maviri emabhizinesi ane organic Pu-erhtea processing qualifications. Imwe igadheni retii iro risina organic certification, asi rakangowana organic certification yemuchina wekugadzira kana musangano wekugadzirisa; rimwe racho ibhizinesi rawana zvese zviri zviviri organic tii gadheni certification uye Organic chitupa chekugadzira chirimwa kana musangano. Aya marudzi maviri emabhizinesi anogona kugadzirisa organic Pu-erhtii zvigadzirwa, asi kana yekutanga mhando yemabhizinesi inogadzira organic Pu-erhzvigadzirwa zvetii, izvo zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa zvinofanirwa kubva kune organic certified tii magadheni.

Mamiriro ekugadzira uye manejimendi zvinodiwa

Iyo organic Pu-erhchirimwa chekugadzira tii hachifanirwe kunge chiri munzvimbo ine tsvina. Hapafanirwe kuve nemarara ane njodzi, huruva inokuvadza, gasi rinokuvadza, zvinhu zvine radioactive nezvimwe zvinosvibisa zvinosvibisa zvakatenderedza saiti. Zvipembenene, hapana mabhakitiriya anokuvadza akadai se mold uye Escherichia coli anobvumirwa.

Kuviriswa kwe organic Pu-erhtii inoda musangano wakasarudzika, uye kutungamira kwekuyerera kwevanhu uye zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvizere pakuseta nzvimbo yekuvirisa kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwechipiri uye kusvibiswa-muchinjika mukugadzira uye kugadzirisa maitiro. Nzvimbo yekuchengetera inoda kuve yakachena, ine mhepo ine mwero, yakachengetedzwa kubva kuchiedza, isina kunhuhwirira, uye yakashongedzerwa nehunyoro-hunyoro, inodzivirira guruva, inodzivirira tumbuyu uye inodzivirira makonzo.

Kugadzirwa kwe organic Pu-erh tii inoda midziyo mitsva yemashizha nemidziyo yekufambisa, mashopu ekugadzira akakosha kana mitsetse yekugadzira, uye michina yekugadzira inoshandisa simba rakachena. Usati wagadzirwa, zvinodikanwa kunyatso kutarisisa kucheneswa kwemidziyo yekugadzirisa uye nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa, uye edza kudzivirira kuenderana kugadziridzwa nemamwe tei panguva yekugadzira. . Zvose mvura yakachena uye mvura yekugadzira inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zve "Drinking Water Sanitation Standards".

Panguva yekugadzirwa, hutano uye hutsanana hwevashandi vekugadzirisa hunofanirawo kunyatsotariswa. Vashandi vanogadzira vanofanirwa kunyorera chitupa chehutano uye kutarisisa hutsanana hwemunhu. Vasati vapinda kubasa, vanofanira kugeza maoko avo, kuchinja hembe, kuchinja shangu, kupfeka ngowani, uye kupfeka masiki vasati vaenda kubasa.

Kubva pakunhonga mashizha matsva, maitiro ekugadzirisa organic Pu-erhtii inofanira kurekodhwa nevashandi venguva yakazara vehunyanzvi. Nguva yekunhonga yemashizha matsva, mabhesi ekudyara emashizha matsva, batch uye huwandu hwemashizha matsva akakohwewa, nguva yekugadzirisa yega yega yechigadzirwa, iyo tekinoroji maparamita ekugadzirisa, uye marekodhi einouya uye anobuda ekuchengetedza ese akasvibira. zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuteverwa uye kutariswa mukati mese maitiro uye kurekodha. Organic Pu-erhkugadzirwa kwetii kunofanirwa kumisikidza rekodhi rekodhi rekodhi rekodhi rekodhi rekodhi rekodhi uye rekodhi rekodhi, zvichibvumira vatengi uye zviremera zvinodzora kuita kuteedzera kwemhando yechigadzirwa.

02 Processing Zvinodiwa of Organic Pu-er Tea  

1.Zvinodiwa zvemashizha etii matsva

Mashizha matsva eiyo organic Pu-erh tii anofanirwa kutorwa kubva kumagadheni etii ane akanakisa mamiriro ezvipenyu, asina kusvibiswa, mweya mutsva uye mvura yakachena masosi, ayo akawana organic certification uye ari mukati menguva yechokwadi yechitupa. Nekuti organic tii zvigadzirwa zvinowanzo kwira-magumo, mamakisi mana chete akaisirwa magiredhi emashizha matsva, uye mashizha akakora uye ekare matsva haanhorwe. Magiredhi nezvinodiwa zvemashizha matsva zvinoratidzwa muTable 1. Mushure mekunhonga, midziyo yemashizha mitsva inofanira kunge yakachena, inopinza mhepo, uye isingasvibise. Mabhasikiti eshenjere akachena uye anofefeterwa zvakanaka anofanira kushandiswa. Zvinhu zvakapfava zvakaita semabhegi epurasitiki nemabhegi emachira hazvifanirwe kushandiswa. Munguva yekufambisa kwemashizha matsva, anofanirwa kuiswa zvishoma uye zvishoma kudzvinyirirwa kuti kuderedze kukanganisa kwemagetsi.

Tafura1. grading zviratidzo zvemashizha matsva e organic Pu-erh tii

2.Uirements yekutanga kugadzirwa kwezuva-yakaomeswa green tea

Mushure mokunge mashizha matsva apinda mufekitari kuti agamuchirwe, anoda kupararira uye kuomeswa, uye nzvimbo yekuomesera inofanira kuva yakachena uye ine utsanana. Pakuparadzira, shandisa mitsetse ye bamboo uye uiise pamaraki kuchengetedza kutenderera kwemhepo; kukora kwemashizha matsva ndeye 12-15 cm, uye nguva yekupararira ndeye 4-5 maawa. Mushure mokunge kuomeswa kwapera, kunogadziriswa maererano nekugadzirisa, kupeta uye kuoma kwezuva.

Iyo organic Pu-erhtei yegreening michina inoda kushandisa simba rakachena, uye zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa magetsi emagetsi ekusvirisa michina, gasi rechisikigo rinosvibirira michina, nezvimwewo, uye huni dzechinyakare, moto wemarasha, nezvimwewo hazvifanirwe kushandiswa, kuitira kudzivirira kunhuhwirira. panguva yegreening process.

Kupisa kwehari yekugadzira kunofanira kudzorwa paanenge 200 ℃, nguva yekugadzirisa yedhiramu inofanira kuva 10-12 min, uye nguva yekugadzira mabhuku inofanira kuva 7-8 min. Mushure mekupedza, inoda kukandwa kuchipisa, kumhanya kwemuchina wekukanyira i40 ~ 50 r/min, uye nguva i20 ~ 25 min.

Organic Pu-erhtei inofanira kuomeswa nekuomeswa kwezuva; inofanira kuitwa mushedhi yakachena uye yakaoma yakaoma pasina kunhuhwirira kwakasiyana; nguva yekuomeswa kwezuva ndeye 4-6 maawa, uye nguva yekuomesa inofanira kudzorwa zvine musoro maererano nemamiriro ekunze, uye hunyoro hwetiyi hunofanira kudzorwa mukati me10%; hapana kuomeswa kunobvumirwa. Dry fried yakaoma, haigoni kuomeswa mumhepo yakashama.

 3.Fermentation zvinodiwa kutii yakabikwa

Kuviriswa kwe organic Pu-erhtii yakaibva inotora kuviriswa kwepasi-pasi. Mashizha etii haatauri zvakananga pasi. Nzira yekumisa mapuranga emapuranga inogona kushandiswa. Mapuranga emapuranga akaiswa pahupamhi hwe 20-30 cm kubva pasi. Iko hakuna kunhuhwirira kwakasiyana, uye mapuranga akafara emapuranga anofanirwa kushandiswa, ayo anonyanya kubatsira pakuchengetedza mvura uye kuchengetedza kupisa panguva yekuvirisa.

Nzira yekuvirisa yakakamurwa kuita mvura ine mafungu, murwi wakafanana, murwi wemirwi, kushandura mirwi, kusimudza nekubvisa, uye kupararira kusvika kuoma. Nekuti organic Pu-erhtii yakaviriswa kubva pasi, mabhakitiriya ekuvirisa, huwandu hweokisijeni, uye shanduko yetembiricha yemirwi yetii zvakasiyana neaya ekare Pu.-htea yakaibva. Aya mapoinzi anotevera anofanirwa kutariswa panguva yekuvirisa.

①Kuwedzera mvura kuomesa green tea kuti uwedzere humidity ndiyo yakakosha maitiro ePu-erhtea stacking kuvirisa. Huwandu hwemvura yakawedzerwa panguva yekuviriswa kwe organic Pu-erhtii inoda kudzorwa zvine mutsindo zvichienderana neambient tembiricha, hunyoro hwemhepo, mwaka wekuvirisa uye giredhi retii.

Huwandu hwemvura inowedzerwa panguva yekuvirisa hunowanzo kudzika zvishoma pane yeyakajairika Pu-er ripe tea. Huwandu hwemvura yakawedzerwa panguva yekuviriswa kweiyo-super-tender uye yekutanga-kirasi organic yakaomeswa yegirini tii i20% ~ 25% yehuremu hwese hwetii, uye kureba kwemurwi kunofanirwa kuve kwakaderera; 2 uye 3 panguva yekuvirisa, huwandu hwemvura yakawedzerwa kune yekutanga-giredhi organic yakaomeswa girini bvudzi tii ndeye 25% ~ 30% yehuremu hwese hwebvudzi tii, uye kureba kwekukwira kunogona kukwira zvishoma, asi hakufanirwe. kupfuura 45 cm.

Munguva yekuvirisa, maererano nehunyoro hwemurwi wetii, mvura ine mwero inowedzerwa panguva yekutendeuka kuti ive nechokwadi chekushandurwa kuzere kwezvinhu zvirimo mukuvirisa. Mushopu wekuvirisa unofanirwa kupinzwa mhepo nekupinzwa mhepo, uye hunyoro hunofanirwa kudzorwa pa65% kusvika 85%.

②Kushandura murwi kunogona kugadzirisa tembiricha nemvura yemurwi wetii, kuwedzera okisijeni yemurwi wetii, uye panguva imwe cheteyo kuita basa rekunyungudutsa zvidhinha zvetii.

Organic Pu-er tii yakasimba uye yakapfuma mune zvemukati, uye nguva yekuvirisa yakareba. Nguva yekutendeuka inofanira kunge yakati rebei. Tichifunga nezvezvinhu zvakadai sekuvirisa kubva pasi, inowanzoshandurwa kamwe chete mazuva gumi nerimwe; iyo yose yekuvirisa maitiro inoda kushandurwa 3 kusvika ku6 nguva. Kupisa kwepakati nepakati pezvikamu kunofanira kunge kwakaenzana uye kunoenderana. Kana tembiricha yakadzikira pane 40 ℃ kana yakakwira kupfuura 65 ℃, murwi unofanirwa kushandurwa nenguva.

Kana kutaridzika uye ruvara rwemashizha etii ari tsvuku-tsvuku, muto wetii wakatsvuka-tsvuku, kunhuhwirira kwekare kwakasimba, kuravira kwakanyorova uye kutapira, uye pasina kuvava kana kusimba kwakasimba, inogona kuunganidzwa. kuomesa.

★Kana iyo yemvura yemukati yePu-er tii isingasviki 13%, kuviriswa kwetii yakabikwa kunopedzwa, iyo inogara kwemazuva makumi mana neshanu.

1.Kunatsa zvinodiwa

Iko hakuna kudikanwa kwekusefa mukunatsa kweiyo organic Pu-erhtii mbishi, iyo inozowedzera chiyero chekupwanya, zvichikonzera kusakwana kwetii mitsetse, makumbo anorema uye humwe hurema hwemhando. Kuburikidza nemidziyo yekunatsa, mashizha, mashizha akaoma, guruva reti uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinobviswa, uye pakupedzisira kurongwa kwemanyore kunoitwa.

Iyo yekunatsa maitiro eiyo organic Pu-erhtea inoda kuongororwa. Iyo yekutarisa nzira yemuchina wekuzunza skrini uye flat denderedzwa screen muchina wakabatana kune mumwe nemumwe, uye iyo skrini inorongwa zvinoenderana nehupamhi hwezvigadzirwa. Musoro wetii uye tii yakaputsika inoda kubviswa panguva yekusevha, asi hapana chikonzero chekusiyanisa nhamba yematanho uye magiredhi. , uye wobva wabvisa sundries nemuchina wekuchenesa wemagetsi, gadzirisa huwandu hwenguva dzekupfuura nemuchina wekuchenesa wemagetsi zvinoenderana nekujeka kwetii, uye unogona kupinda zvakananga mumanyorero ekurongedza mushure mekuchenesa kwemagetsi.

1.Compression kurongedza zvehunyanzvi zvinodiwa

Iyo yakanatswa mbishi zvinhu zve organic Pu-erhtei inogona kushandiswa zvakananga kudzvanya. Iyo yakanatswa organic Pu-erhyakabikwa tii mbishi zvinhu zvinopinda mukati mekuvirisa, zviri mukati pectin mumashizha etii zvinoderedzwa, uye kushanda kwekubatana kwetii titi kunoderedzwa. Kushanda kwe colloid kunobatsira pakumanikidza kuumbwa.

Organic Pu-er tii premium, yekutanga-giredhi tii zvigadzirwa,vari magiredhi epamusoro, huwandu hwemvura yakawedzerwa panguva yemafungu inoverengera 6% kusvika 8% yehuremu hwese hwetii yakaoma; yegiredhi rechipiri uye matatu tii, huwandu hwemvura yakawedzerwa panguva yemafungu inoverengera 10% kusvika 12% yehuremu hwese hweiyo yakaoma tii.

★Izvo zvigadzirwa zve organic Pu-er tii zvinofanirwa kuve autoclaved mukati maawa matanhatu mushure memvura, uye hazvifanirwe kuiswa kwenguva yakareba, kuitira kuti zvisazvare mabhakitiriya anokuvadza kana kuburitsa kunhuhwirira kwakashata sekuvava uye kuvava pasi pekuita kwekunyorova. kupisa, kuitira kuve nechokwadi chemhando yezvinodiwa zve organic tii.

Iyo yekutsikirira maitiro eiyo organic Pu-erhtii inoitwa muhurongwa hwekuyera, kupisa kupfungaira (kupisa), kuumba, kudzvanya, kuparadzira, kudhiza, uye kuomesa-kupisa.

·Mukuyera, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mambure akakwana echigadzirwa chakapedzwa, zvinofanirwawo kufunga nezve mashandisirwo ekugadzirwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira, uye huremu hunofanirwa kugadziridzwa zvinoenderana nehunyoro hwemashizha etii.

·Munguva inopisa inopisa, sezvo zvigadzirwa zve organic Pu-erh tii zvakapfava, nguva yekupisa haifanirwe kunge yakarebesa, kuitira kuti mashizha etii apfaviswe, kazhinji achipisa kwe10 ~ 15 s.

· Usati wadzvanya, gadzirisa kudzvanywa kwemuchina, dzvanya pachiri kupisa, woisa mune sikweya kudzivirira kusaenzana ukobvu hwechigadzirwa chapera. Kana uchidzvanya, inogona kuderedzwa kwe3 ~ 5 s mushure mekugadzika, uye haina kukodzera kumisikidzwa kwenguva yakareba.

· Iyo tii semi-yakapera chigadzirwa inogona kuve demoulded mushure mekunge yatonhora.

· Tembiricha yakaderera inofanira kushandiswa kuomesa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye tembiricha yekuomesa inofanira kudzorwa pa45 ~ 55 °C. Kuomeswa kwemaitiro kunofanirwa kuve kwakavakirwa pamusimboti wekutanga wakaderera uye wozokwira. Mumaawa gumi nemaviri ekutanga ekuomesa, kuomeswa kunononoka kunofanira kushandiswa. Tembiricha haifanire kunge inokurumidza kana kukurumidza. Panyaya yehunyoro hwemukati, zviri nyore kubereka mabhakitiriya anokuvadza, uye iyo yose yekuomesa inotora maawa 60 ~ 72.

Iyo semi-yapedzwa organic tii mushure mekuoma inoda kupararira uye kutonhorera kwemaawa 6-8, hunyoro hwechikamu chimwe nechimwe hwakaenzana, uye hunogona kuiswa mukati mushure mekutarisa kuti hunyoro hunosvika pachiyero. Iyo yekurongedza zvinhu zve organic Pu-erhtii inofanirwa kuve yakachengeteka uye ine hutsanana, uye zvemukati zvekurongedza zvinhu zvinofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekurongedza-giredhi rekudya. natural) food logo. Kana zvichikwanisika, biodegradation uye kudzokororwa kwezvinhu zvekurongedza kunofanirwa kutariswa

1.Zvinodiwa Kuchengeta uye Kutumira

Mushure mekugadzirisa kwapera, inofanira kuchengetwa muimba yekuchengetera nenguva, yakasungirirwa pahomwe, uye yakaparadzaniswa kubva pasi, zvichida 15-20 cm kubva pasi. Zvinoenderana neruzivo, tembiricha yakanakisa yekuchengetera i24 ~ 27 ℃, uye hunyoro ndeye 48% ~ 65%. Munguva yekuchengetedza maitiro e organic Pu-erh, inofanira kusiyaniswa kubva kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa uye haifaniri kukanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa imba yekuchengetera yakakosha, kuibata nemunhu akakosha, uye kurekodha data mukati nekubuda mudura zvakadzama, pamwe nekushanduka kwekushisa uye hunyoro mudura.

Nzira yekutakura organic Pu-erhtei inofanira kuva yakachena uye yakaoma isati yatakura, uye haifaniri kusanganiswa kana kusvibiswa nemamwe teas panguva yekufambisa; panguva yekufambisa uye kurodha nekuburitsa, iyo organic tii certification mucherechedzo uye inoenderana nemirairo pane yekupakeji yekunze haifanire kukuvara.

1.Musiyano uripo pakati pekugadzirwa kweiyo organic Pu-erh tii uye yakajairwa Pu-erh tii.

Tafura 2 inonyora misiyano mumakiyi maitiro mukugadzirwa kweiyo organic Pu-erhtii uye zvakajairika Pu-erhchai. Izvo zvinogona kuoneka kuti kugadzira uye kugadzirisa maitiro eiyo organic Pu-erhtii uye zvakajairika Pu-erhtii zvakasiyana chaizvo, uye kugadzirisa organic Pu-erhtii haingode yakaomesesa tekinoroji mirau, Panguva imwecheteyo, inofanirwa kuve neinonzwika organic Pu-erhprocessing traceability system.

 Tafura 2.Musiyano uripo pakati pekugadzirwa kweiyo organic Pu-erh tii uye yakajairwa Pu-erh tii.

03 Epilogue

Iyo Lancang River Basin mudunhu reYunnan yakakomberedzwa nemakomo akati wandei. Iyo yakasarudzika yakasarudzika yezvakatipoteredza nharaunda yeaya makomo eti yakabereka kusvibiswa-isina, yakasvibira uye ine hutano Pu-erhtii zvigadzirwa, uye zvakare akapa organic Pu-erhtii ine yakasikwa, yepakutanga ecology uye kusvibiswa-isina congenital mamiriro. Panofanira kuve neyakaomesesa yekugadzira hutsanana zviyero uye tekinoroji mirau mukugadzira organic Pu-erhchai. Parizvino, kudiwa kwemusika kweiyo organic Pu-erhtii iri kuwedzera gore negore, asi kugadzirisa kwe organic Pu-erhtii ine mhirizhonga uye haina yunifomu yekugadzirisa mirairo yehunyanzvi. Naizvozvo, kutsvagisa nekugadzira mirairo yehunyanzvi yekugadzira uye kugadzirisa organic Pu-erhtii richava iro dambudziko rekutanga rinogadziriswa mukuvandudza organic Pu-erhtii mune ramangwana.