Kutarisira muti wetii kunoreva nhevedzano yekurima uye manejimendi matanho emiti yetii, kusanganisira kuchekerera, mechanized muti wekutonga muviri, uye mvura nefetereza manejimendi mumagadheni eti, ine chinangwa chekuvandudza goho retii nemhando uye nekuwedzera mabhenefiti egadheni reti.

Kuchekerera muti wetii

Munguva yekukura kwemiti yetii, vane zviri pachena zvakanakira. Kuchekerera kunogona kugadzirisa kugovera kwekudya, kugadzirisa chimiro chemuti, kuwedzera branching density, uye nekudaro kunatsiridza mhando uye goho reti.

Zvisinei, kuchekerera miti yetii hakuna kugadziriswa. Izvo zvinodiwa kuti usarudze nzira dzekuchekerera uye nguva zvinoenderana nemhando, nhanho yekukura, uye chaiyo nharaunda yekurima yemiti yetii, kuona kuchekerera kudzika uye kuwanda, kuve nechokwadi chekukura kwakanaka kwemiti yetii, kukurudzira kukura kutsva, uye kuvandudza mhando yetii uye goho. .

Kuchekerera zvine mwero

Pakati nepakatikuchekerera tiiinofanira kuitwa zvichienderana nekukura maitiro uye zviyero zvemashizha etii kuchengetedza mikaha inonzwisisika pakati pemiti yetii uye kukurudzira kukura kwavo kune utano.

Mushure mekugadzira uye kuchekerera,miti miduku yetiiinogona kunyatso kudzora kukura kwakanyanya kumusoro kwemuti wetii, kukurudzira lateral kukura kwebazi, kuwedzera muti wakafara, uye kubatsira kuwana kukurumidza kukura uye goho rakakura.

Formiti yetii yakakurainokohwa kakawanda, iyo korona yepamusoro haina kuenzana. Kuti uvandudze hutano hwemashizha nemashizha, kuchekerera kwechiedza kunoshandiswa kubvisa 3-5 cm yemashizha emashizha uye matavi asina kuenzana pamusoro pekorona, kuitira kukurudzira kumera kwemashizha matsva.

Chiedza chekucheka uye kuchekerera kwakadzika kwemiti yetii midiki uye yepakatiinogona kubvisa "matavi ehuku", kuita korona pamusoro pemuti wetii, kuwedzera hupamhi hwemuti, kudzivisa kukura kwekubereka, kukurudzira kukura kwekudya kwemuti wetii, kuwedzera kukwanisa kumera kwemuti wetii, uye nokudaro kuwedzera goho. Kazhinji, kuchekerera kwakadzika kunoitwa makore ese 3-5, uchishandisa muchina wekuchekerera kubvisa 10-15 cm yematavi uye mashizha kumusoro kwekorona yemuti. Iyo korona yemuti yakatemwa yakakomberedzwa kuti iwedzere kumera kugona kwematavi.

Forkuchembera miti yetii, kuchekerera kunogona kuitwa kushandura zvachose chimiro chekorona yemuti. Kureba kwekucheka kwemuti wetii kunowanzo kuwanikwa 8-10 cm pamusoro pevhu, uye zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kuti kuchekwa kunorerekera uye kwakatsetseka kuitira kusimudzira kumera kwelatent buds pamidzi yemuti wetii.

Kuchengetedza kwakakodzera

Mushure mekuchekerera, kushandiswa kwekudya kwemiti yetii kuchawedzera zvakanyanya. Kana miti yetii ichishaya rutsigiro rwakakwana rwekudya, kunyangwe kuichekerera kunongopedza zvimwe zvinovaka muviri, zvichibva zvawedzera kuderera kwavo.

Mushure mekuchekerera mubindu retii mumatsutso, organic fertilizer uye phosphorus potassiumfeterezainogona kuiswa pamwe chete nekurima kwakadzika pakati pemitsara mubindu retii. Kazhinji, pamakumi matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu emamita emamita emabindu etii akakura, imwe 1500 kg kana kupfuura ye organic fertilizer inofanirwa kuiswa, yakasanganiswa ne40-60 kg ye phosphorus ne potassium fetereza, kuve nechokwadi chekuti miti yetii inogona kupora uye kukura. zvine utano. Fertilization inofanira kuitwa zvichienderana nekukura chaiko kwemiti yetii, kutarisisa kuenzana kwenitrogen, phosphorus, uye potassium zvinhu, uye kushandisa basa refotereza kuitira kuti miti yetii yakatemwa idzore kugadzirwa nekukurumidza.

Kune miti yetii yakave yakagadziriswa kuchekerera, nheyo ye "kuchengeta zvakawanda uye kukohwa zvishoma" inofanira kugamuchirwa, nekurima sechinhu chinonyanya kukoshesa uye kukohwa sekuwedzera; Mushure mekuchekerera kwakadzika, miti yetii yakakura inofanira kuchengetedza mamwe matavi maererano nedhigirii chaiyo yekuchekerera, uye kusimbisa matavi kuburikidza nekuchengetedza. Pahwaro uhwu, chekerera matavi echipiri anozokura gare gare kurima nzvimbo itsva dzekunhonga. Kazhinji, miti yetii yakatemwa zvakanyanya inoda kuchengetwa kwemwaka 1-2 isati yapinda munhanho yekukohwa yakareruka uye kudzoserwa mukugadzirwa. Kuregeredza basa rekugadzirisa kana kukohwa zvakanyanya mushure mekuchekerera kunogona kukonzera kuderera kwekukura kwemuti wetii.

Mushurekuchekerera miti yetii, maronda acho anogona kupindirwa nemabhakitiriya uye zvipembenene. Panguva imwecheteyo, nhungirwa itsva dzakatemwa dzinochengetedza hunyoro hwakanaka uye matavi ane simba nemashizha, zvichipa nzvimbo yakanaka yekukura kwezvipembenene nezvirwere. Naizvozvo, kutonga kwezvipembenene panguva yakakodzera kwakakosha mushure mekuchekerera muti wetii.

Mushure mekuchekerera miti yetii, maronda anogona kupindirwa nemabhakitiriya uye zvipembenene. Panguva imwecheteyo, nhungirwa itsva dzakatemwa dzinochengetedza hunyoro hwakanaka uye matavi ane simba nemashizha, zvichipa nzvimbo yakanaka yekukura kwezvipembenene nezvirwere. Naizvozvo, kutonga kwezvipembenene panguva yakakodzera kwakakosha mushure mekuchekerera muti wetii.

Kune miti yetii yakatemwa kana kuchekererwa, kunyanya mashizha makuru akarimwa kumaodzanyemba, zvinokurudzirwa kumwaya musanganiswa weBordeaux kana fungicides pamucheto wekucheka kudzivirira hutachiona hwemaronda. Kune miti yetii muchikamu chekuvandudzwa kwenhungirwa nyowani, kudzivirira panguva uye kutonga kwezvipembenene nezvirwere zvakaita seaphid, tii leafhoppers, tei geometrids, uye ngura yetii panhungirwa mitsva inodiwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekukura kwezvitsva.