Tsigira Scroll.in Nyaya dzako dzekutsigira: India inoda yakazvimirira midhiya uye yakazvimirira midhiya inokuda iwe.
"Chii chaungaite ne200 rupees nhasi?" anobvunza Joshua Gurung, anonhonga tii paCD Block Ging tea estate muPulbazar, Darjeeling, anowana Rs 232 pazuva. Akataura kuti mubhadharo wenzira imwe chete mumotokari yakagovaniswa mazana mana emadhora kuenda kuSiliguri, makiromita makumi matanhatu kubva kuDarjeeling, uye neguta guru riri pedyo uko vashandi vanorapwa zvirwere zvakakomba.
Ichi ndicho chokwadi chemakumi ezviuru zvevashandi paminda yetii yeNorth Bengal, avo vanopfuura makumi mashanu muzana vakadzi. Kushuma kwatakaita muDarjeeling kwakaratidza kuti vaibhadharwa mari shoma, vaisungwa nehurongwa hwevashandi vehurumende, vakanga vasina kodzero yeminda, uye vakanga vasina mikana yokuwana zvirongwa zvehurumende.
"Mamiriro ekushanda akaomarara uye nehupenyu husina hunhu hwevashandi vetii anoyeuchidza nezvebasa rakaitwa nevaridzi veminda yeBritish munguva dzevakoloni," akadaro 2022 dare reParamende rakamira.
Vashandi vari kuyedza kuvandudza hupenyu hwavo, vanodaro, uye nyanzvi dzinobvumirana nazvo. Vashandi vakawanda vanodzidzisa vana vavo uye kuvatuma kunoshanda muminda. Takaona kuti vairwirawo kuti vakwire mihoro yepasi uye varidzi veminda yemusha wemadzitateguru avo.
Asi hupenyu hwavo hwatove husina njodzi huri panjodzi huru nekuda kwemamiriro eindasitiri yetii yeDarjeeling nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kukwikwidza kubva kune yakachipa tii, kuderera kwemusika wepasi rose uye kudonha kwekugadzira uye zvinoda kuti tinotsanangura muzvinyorwa zviviri izvi. Chinyorwa chekutanga chikamu chenhevedzano. Chikamu chechipiri uye chekupedzisira chichave chakazvipira kune mamiriro evashandi vekurima tii.
Kubva pakadzikwa mutemo weLand Reform Law muna 1955, ivhu rekurima tii kuNorth Bengal harina zita asi rakarendwa. Hurumende yenyika.
Kwezvizvarwa, vashandi vetii vakavaka dzimba dzavo panzvimbo yemahara paminda munzvimbo dzeDarjeeling, Duars neTerai.
Kunyangwe pasina nhamba dzepamutemo kubva kuTea Board yeIndia, sekureva kwa2013 West Bengal Labor Council chirevo, huwandu hweminda mikuru yetii yeDarjeeling Hills, Terai neDurs yaive 11,24,907, idzo 2,62,426. vaiva vagari venguva dzose uye kunyange vanopfuura 70,000+ venguva pfupi nevashandi vekondirakiti.
Sechisaririra chenguva yakapfuura yekoloni, varidzi vakazviita zvinosungirwa kuti mhuri dzinogara panzvimbo iyi dzitumire nhengo imwe chete kuti ishande mubindu retii kana kuti vaizorasikirwa nemba yavo. Vashandi vacho havana zita renzvimbo, nekudaro hapana zita renzvimbo rinonzi parja-patta.
Zvinoenderana neongororo yakanzi "Kushandiswa Kwevashandi muTea Plantations yeDarjeeling" yakaburitswa muna 2021, sezvo basa rechigarire muminda yetii yeNorth Bengal rinogona kuwanikwa chete kuburikidza nehukama, musika wemahara uye wakavhurika wevashandi hauna kumbobvira waitika, zvichitungamira kune. kuita basa revaranda pasi rose. Chinyorwa cheLegal Management uye Humanities. ”
Vatori parizvino vari kubhadharwa Rs 232 pazuva. Mushure mekubvisa mari iri kupinda muhomwe yevashandi, vashandi ava vanopihwa mazana maviri emadhora, ayo vanoti haakwane mukurarama uye haaenderane nebasa ravanoita.
Sekureva kwaMohan Chirimar, Managing Director weSingtom Tea Estate, huwandu hwekusaenda kwevashandi vetii muNorth Bengal hunodarika makumi mana%. "Inenge hafu yevashandi vedu vegadheni havachaendi kubasa."
"Huwandu hushoma hwemaawa masere ekushanda nesimba uye nehunyanzvi ndicho chikonzero nei vashandi vemuminda yetii vari kudzikira mazuva ese," akadaro Sumendra Tamang, murwiri wekodzero dzevashandi veti kuNorth Bengal. “Zvakajairika kuti vanhu varohwe basa muminda yetii voshanda kuMGNREGA [chirongwa chehurumende chekupa vanhu mabasa kumaruwa] kana kumwewo kunotambira mari yakawanda.”
Joshila Gurung wemunda wetii weGing muDarjeeling nevamwe vake Sunita Biki naChandramati Tamang vakati chavanoda chikuru ndechekuwedzera muhoro wepasi peminda yetii.
Zvinoenderana nedenderedzwa richangoburwa rakapihwa neLabour Commissioner's Office yeHurumende yeWest Bengal, muhoro wezuva nezuva wevashandi vekurima vasina hunyanzvi unofanirwa kunge uri maRs 284 pasina chikafu uye maRs 264 nekudya.
Zvakadaro, mihoro yevashandi vetii inotarwa negungano remativi matatu rinopindwa nevamiriri vemasangano evaridzi vetii, mibatanidzwa nevakuru vakuru vehurumende. Mibatanidzwa yaida kuseta muhoro mutsva wezuva nezuva weRs 240, asi muna Chikumi hurumende yeWest Bengal yakazivisa paRs 232.
Rakesh Sarki, director wevanhongi paHappy Valley, Darjeeling yechipiri yekare kurima tii, anonyunyutawo nekusabhadharwa kwemuhoro. “Kubva 2017 hatina kana kumbopihwa mari nguva nenguva. Vanotipa kamari pamwedzi miviri kana mitatu yoga-yoga. Dzimwe nguva kune kunonoka kwenguva refu, uye zvakafanana neminda yese yetii pachikomo. "
"Tichifunga nezvekukwira kwemitengo kunogara kuripo uye mamiriro ehupfumi akazara muIndia, hazvifungidzike kuti mushandi wetii anogona sei kuzviriritira nemhuri yake paRs 200 pazuva," akadaro Dawa Sherpa, mudzidzi wechiremba paCentre for Economic Research. Tsvagiridzo uye kuronga muIndia. Jawaharlal Nehru University, anobva kuKursong. "Darjeeling naAssam vane mibairo yakaderera yevashandi vetii. Mumunda wetii muSikkim yakavakidzana, vashandi vanotambira mari inosvika mazana mashanu emadhora pazuva. MuKerala, mihoro yezuva nezuva inopfuura Rs 400, kunyange muTamil Nadu, uye inenge Rs 350 bedzi.”
Chirevo cha2022 kubva kuDare reParamende rakadaidzira kuzadzikiswa kwemitemo yemihoro yevashandi vekurima tii, ichiti mihoro yemazuva ese muminda yetii yeDarjeeling "ndiye mihoro yakaderera kune chero mushandi wemuindasitiri munyika".
Mihoro ishoma uye haina kuchengeteka, ndosaka zviuru zvevashandi vakaita saRakesh naJoshira vachikurudzira vana vavo kushanda muminda yetii. “Tiri kushanda nesimba kudzidzisa vana vedu. Haisi dzidzo yakanakisisa, asi vanogona kuverenga nokunyora. Sei vachifanira kuvhuna mapfupa avo pabasa rine mari shoma pakurima tii,” akadaro Joshira, ane mwanakomana anobika kuBangalore. Anotenda kuti vashandi vetii vakashandiswa kwezvizvarwa nezvizvarwa nekuda kwekusagona kuverenga nekunyora. "Vana vedu vanofanira kutyora cheni."
Pamusoro pemihoro, vashandi vebindu retii vane kodzero yekuchengetera mari, penjeni, pekugara, kurapwa pachena, dzidzo yemahara yevana vavo, makireshi evashandi vechikadzi, mafuta edzimotokari, uye midziyo yekudzivirira yakaita semaapuroni, maamburera, mabhachi emvura, nebhutsu refu. Maererano neshumo rinotungamira iri, muhoro wakakwana wevashandi ava ungangoita mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu emadhora pazuva. Vashandirwi vanosungirwawo kubhadhara mabhonasi egore negore eDurga Puja.
Darjeeling Organic Tea Estates Private Limited, aimbove muridzi wezvivakwa gumi muNorth Bengal, kusanganisira Happy Valley, akatengesa mapindu ayo munaGunyana, achisiya vashandi vanopfuura zviuru zvitanhatu nemazana mashanu vasina mihoro, mari yekuchengetedza, matipi uye puja mabhonasi.
Muna Gumiguru, Darjeeling Organic Tea Plantation Sdn Bhd yakazotengesa matanhatu eminda yayo gumi yetii. “Varidzi vatsva havasati vabhadhara mari yedu yese. Mihoro haisati yabhadharwa uye bhonasi yePujo chete ndiyo yabhadharwa, "Happy Valley's Sarkey akadaro muna Mbudzi.
Sobhadebi Tamang akati mamiriro ezvinhu aripo akafanana nePeshok Tea Garden pasi pemuridzi mutsva weSilicon Agriculture Tea Company. “Amai vangu vakaenda pamudyandigere, asi CPF yavo nemazano zvichiri kubuda. Vatungamiri vatsva vakazvipira kubhadhara mari yedu yese muzvikamu zvitatu panosvika Chikunguru 31 [2023].
Mukuru wake, Pesang Norbu Tamang, akati varidzi vatsva vanga vasati vagadzikana uye vachakurumidza kubhadhara mari yavo, vachiwedzera kuti mari yaPujo yakabhadharwa nenguva. Mumwe waSobhadebi Sushila Rai akakurumidza kupindura. "Havana kana kutibhadhara zvakanaka."
“Mihoro yatatambira pazuva yaisvika mazana maviri nemaviri, asi Hurumende yakakwira kusvika pa232. Kunyange hazvo varidzi vakaziviswa nezvekuwedzerwa kwemari iyi muna Chikumi, isu tinokodzera kuwana mihoro mitsva iyi kubva muna Ndira,” vanodaro. “Muridzi wacho haasati abhadhara.”
Maererano neongororo ya2021 yakaburitswa muInternational Journal yeLegal Management and the Humanities, mamaneja eminda yetii anowanzo shandisa marwadzo anokonzerwa nekuvharwa kweminda yetii, vachityisidzira vashandi kana vachida muhoro unotarisirwa kana kukwidzwa. "Kutyisidzirwa kwekuvhara uku kunoisa mamiriro ezvinhu mukufarirwa nemanejimendi uye vashandi vanongofanira kutevedzera."
"Vagadziri vetimu havasati vambowana mari yekuchengetera chaiyo uye matipi ... kunyangwe ivo [varidzi] vakamanikidzwa kuita kudaro, vanogara vachibhadharwa mari shoma pane yavakatambira panguva yavo muuranda," muratidziri Tamang akadaro.
Kuva muridzi kwevhu kwevashandi inyaya ine nharo pakati pevaridzi veminda yetii nevashandi. Varidzi vedzimba idzi vanoti vanhu vanochengeta misha yavo paminda yetii kunyangwe vasingashande muminda iyi, vashandi vachiti vanofanira kupihwa kodzero dzeminda nekuti mhuri dzagara dzichigara paminda.
Chirimar weSingtom Tea Estate akati vanhu vanodarika zvikamu makumi mana kubva muzana vevanhu vepaSingtom Tea Estate havasisina gadheni. “Vanhu vanoenda kuSingapore neDubai kunoshanda, uye mhuri dzavo dziri muno dzinonakidzwa nepekugara mahara…Zvino hurumende inofanira kutora matanho akasimba kuona kuti mhuri yese iri muminda yetii yatumira nhengo imwe chete kunoshanda mubindu. Endai munoshanda, isu hatina dambudziko nazvo."
Unionist Sunil Rai, munyori akabatana weTerai Dooars Chia Kaman Mazdoor mubatanidzwa muDarjeeling, akati nzvimbo dzetii dziri kupa "zvitupa zvisingapokane" kuvashandi zvinovabvumidza kuvaka dzimba dzavo panzvimbo dzetii. "Nei vakasiya imba yavakavaka?"
Rai, uyo ari zvakare mutauriri weUnited Forum (Hills), mubatanidzwa wemapato ezvematongerwo enyika akati wandei mudunhu reDarjeeling neKalimpong, akati vashandi havana kodzero kune ivhu rakamira dzimba dzavo uye kodzero dzavo parja-patta ( kudiwa kwenguva refu kwemagwaro anosimbisa muridzi wevhu) haana kufuratirwa.
Nekuda kwekuti havana magwaro edzimba kana marendi, vashandi havakwanise kunyoresa midziyo yavo nemarongwa einishuwarenzi.
Manju Rai, muunganidzi paTukvar tea estate muCD Pulbazar quarter yeDarjeeling, haasati awana muripo wemba yake, iyo yakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya nekudonha. “Imba yandakavaka yakadhirika [nekuda kwekukoromoka kwevhu gore rapera],” akadaro, achiwedzera kuti matanda omushenjere, mabhegi ejuti ekare netara zvakaponesa imba yake kuti isaparara zvachose. “Handina mari yekuvaka imwe imba. Vanakomana vangu vese vanoshanda mutransport. Kunyange mari yavanowana haikwane. Chero rubatsiro runobva kukambani rungave rwakanaka. "
Mushumo weDare Rinomirira reParamende wakataura kuti gadziriro yacho “inoderedza zviri pachena kubudirira kwesangano rokugovera ivhu munyika nokudzivisa vashandi vetii kuwana kodzero dzavo dzeminda pasinei zvapo nemakore manomwe okuzvitonga.
Rai anoti kuda parja patta kwave kuwedzera kubva 2013. Akataura kuti kunyange vatungamiriri vakasarudzwa nevezvematongerwo enyika kusvika parizvino vasiya vashandi vetii pasi, vanofanirwa kutaura nezvevashandi vetii izvozvi, vachiona kuti MP weDarjeeling Raju Bista ane. yakaunza mutemo wekupa paja patta yevashandi vetii. " . Nguva dziri kuchinja, asi zvishoma nezvishoma.”
Dibyendu Bhattacharya, munyori akabatana weWest Bengal Ministry of Land and Agrarian Reform and Refugees, Relief and Rehabilitation, inobata nyaya dzevhu muDarjeeling pasi pehofisi imwechete yemunyori webazi, vakaramba kutaura nezvenyaya iyi. Dzakadzokororwa nhare dzaiti: “Handina mvumo yekutaura nevezvenhau.
Nekukumbirwa nemunyori, email yakatumirwawo kune munyori aine yakadzama mibvunzo inobvunza kuti sei vashandi vetii vasina kupihwa kodzero dzeminda. Tichagadzirisa nyaya kana apindura.
Rajeshvi Pradhan, munyori anobva kuRajiv Gandhi National Law University, akanyora mubepa ra2021 pamusoro pekushandiswa: "Kushaikwa kwemusika wevashandi uye kusavapo kwekodzero dzevashandi dzepasi hakungove nechokwadi chekushanda kwakachipa asiwo kumanikidzirwa vashandi. Vashandi veDarjeeling tea plantation. "Kushaikwa kwemikana yemabasa pedyo neminda, pamwe chete nekutya kurasikirwa nedzimba dzavo, kwakawedzera huranda hwavo."
Nyanzvi dzinoti chikonzero chedambudziko revashandi vetii ndechekusatevedzwa zvakanaka kana kusatevedzwa kwemutemo wa1951 Plantation Labor Act. Maminda etii ese akanyoreswa neTea Board yeIndia muDarjeeling, Terai neDuars ari pasi peMutemo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vese vashandi vechigarire nemhuri mumapindu aya vane kodzero yekubatsirwa pasi pemutemo.
Pasi pePlantation Labor Act, 1956, Hurumende yeWest Bengal yakagadza West Bengal Plantation Labor Act, 1956 kudzika iyo Central Act. Nekudaro, Sherpas naTamang vanoti dzinenge dzese nzvimbo dzeNorth Bengal dzakakura 449 dzinogona kutyora zviri nyore pakati nepakati mirau.
Mutemo wePlatation Labor unoti "mushandirwi wese ane basa rekupa nekuchengetedza dzimba dzakakwana kune vese vashandi uye nhengo dzemhuri dzavo dzinogara pamunda." Varidzi veminda yetii vakati ivhu remahara ravakapa makore zana apfuura inzvimbo yavo yekugara yevashandi nemhuri dzavo.
Nekune rumwe rutivi, varimi vadiki vanodarika zana nemakumi mashanu havatomboneyi nemutemo wePlantation Labor Act wa1951 nekuti vanoshanda pasi pemahekita mashanu pasina hurongwa hwawo, Sherpa vakadaro.
Manju, uyo ane dzimba dzakaparadzwa nekukoromoka kwevhu, anofanirwa kuripwa pasi pemutemo wePlantation Labour Act wa1951. “Akaendesa zvikumbiro zviviri, asi muridzi wacho haana kuita hanya nazvo. Izvi zvinogona kudzivirirwa nyore nyore kana ivhu redu rikawana parja patta, "akadaro Ram Subba, director weTukvar Tea Estate Manju, nevamwe vanotora.
Dare Rinomirira Paramende rakaona kuti “vaDummies vakarwira kodzero dzavo dzeminda yavo, kwete chete kuti vararame, asi kunyange kuviga nhengo dzemhuri dzavo dzakafa.” Dare racho rinopa mutemo "unoona kodzero uye mazita evashandi vadiki uye vakasarudzika kuminda nezviwanikwa zvemadzitateguru avo."
Mutemo wePlant Protection Act 2018 wakapihwa neTea Board yekuIndia unokurudzira kuti vashandi vapihwe dziviriro mumusoro, bhutsu, magirovhosi, maapuroni nemahovhorosi kudzivirira mishonga yezvipembenene nemamwe makemikari anofiritwa muminda.
Vashandi vanogunun'una nezvemhando uye kushandiswa kwemidziyo mitsva sezvo ichisakara kana kuparara nekufamba kwenguva. “Hatina kuwana magirazi pataifanirwa kuwana. Kunyangwe maapuroni, magurovhosi neshangu, taifanira kurwa, tichigara tichiyeuchidza shefu, uye maneja aigara achinonoka kubvumidzwa, "akadaro Gurung anobva kuJin Tea Plantation. “Iye [maneja] akaita sekunge ari kubhadhara midziyo yedu muhomwe yake. Asi kana rimwe zuva tikarovha kubasa nokuti takanga tisina magirovhosi kana chimwe chinhu, aisazopotsa kubvisa muripo wedu.” .
Joshila akati magirovhosi haana kudzivirira maoko ake kubva pakunhuhwirira kune chepfu yemishonga yezvipembenene yaakapfapfaidza pamashizha etii. "Chikafu chedu chinonhuwirira semazuva atinopfapfaidza makemikari." usachishandise zvakare. Usazvinetse isu tirimi. Tinogona kudya uye kugaya chero chinhu. "
Chirevo che2022 BEHANBOX chakawana kuti vakadzi vanoshanda muminda yetii kuNorth Bengal vakaoneswa mishonga ine muchetura, mishonga yesora nefetereza vasina zvekudzivirira zvakakodzera, zvichikonzera matambudziko eganda, kusaona zvakanaka, zvirwere zvekufema nekugaya.