Sezvo makore ekudyara gadheni reti uye nzvimbo yekudyara inowedzera,michina yebindu retikuita basa rinowedzera kukosha mukudyara tii. Dambudziko reivhu acidification mumagadheni eti rave nzvimbo yekutsvagisa mumunda wehutano hwemamiriro evhu. Iyo ivhu pH renji inokodzera kukura kwetii miti ndeye 4.0 ~ 6.5. Yakanyanya kuderera pH nharaunda inotadzisa kukura uye metabolism yemiti yetii, inokanganisa kubereka kwevhu, kuderedza goho retii uye mhando, uye kutyisidzira zvakanyanya nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza uye kusimukira kwakasimba kwemagadheni eti. Kusuma maitiro ekudzoreredza tii magadheni kubva kune anotevera maficha

1Kunatsiridza kemikari

Kana ivhu pH kukosha kuri pasi pe4, zvinokurudzirwa kufunga nezvekushandisa makemikari matanho ekuvandudza ivhu. Parizvino, dolomite powder inonyanya kushandiswa kuwedzera ivhu pH. Dolomite poda inonyanya kuumbwa ne calcium carbonate uye magnesium carbonate. Mushure mekushandisa amuchina wekurima murimikuti usunungure ivhu, usasa upfu hwebwe zvakaenzana. Mushure mokuiswa muvhu, carbonate ions inobata kemikari ine acidic ion, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvine acidic zvipedzwe uye ivhu pH riwedzere. Pamusoro pezvo, huwandu hukuru hwe calcium uye magnesium ion hunogona kuwedzera cation yekutsinhana kwevhu uye kuderedza zvakanyanya kuchinjika kwealuminium yevhu. Kana huwandu hwekushandisa hwe dolomite hupfu hwakakura kupfuura 1500 kg/hm², dambudziko reivhu acidification mumagadheni etii rinovandudzwa zvakanyanya.

2Biological kunatsiridza

Biochar ichawanikwa nekuomesa miti yetii yakatemwa netei kuchekerera muchinanekuzvipisa nekuzvipwanya pasi pemamiriro ekushisa kwakanyanya. Seyakakosha ivhu rekugadzirisa, biochar ine akawanda ane oxygen-aine mapoka anoshanda pamusoro payo, ayo akawanda ane alkaline. Inogona kuvandudza acidity uye alkalinity yevhu repurazi, kuwedzera cation exchange kugona, kuderedza zviri mukati maasidhi anochinjika, uye kunatsiridza kugona kwevhu kuchengetedza mvura nefetereza. Biochar zvakare yakapfuma mune zvicherwa zvinhu, izvo zvinogona kusimudzira ivhu rekudya bhasikoro uye kukura kwechirimwa nekusimudzira, uye kushandura nharaunda chimiro chevhu microorganisms. Kuisa 30 t/hm² yebio-dema kabhoni kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya nharaunda ye acidification yevhu retii.

3 organic kuvandudzwa

Organic fertilizer inogadziriswa kubva kune organic zvinhu, kubvisa zvinhu zvine chepfu uye kuchengetedza zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobatsira. Acidified ivhu kunatsiridza kunogona kushandisa kwazvakarerekera kana zvishoma alkaline organic fetiraiza kugadzirisa ivhu acidic nharaunda uye kuchengetedza kwenguva refu inononoka kuburitsa kubereka uku ichipa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudya. Zvakadaro, chikafu chiri muorganic fetereza chinonetsa kushandiswa zvakananga nezvirimwa. Pashure pokunge utachiona huchiberekana, hwakura uye hwachinja, hunogona kuburitsa zvishoma nezvishoma zvinhu zvinomera zvinogona kutorwa nezvirimwa, zvoita kuti ivhu rive nemuviri nemakemikari. Kushandisa organic-inorganic composite acidifying andment kune ivhu rine acidic mumagadheni etii kunogona kunyatso wedzera ivhu pH uye kubereka kwevhu, kuwedzera maion akasiyana ezvigadziko uye kuwedzera kugona kwevhu.

4 kuvandudzwa kutsva

Mamwe marudzi matsva ekugadzirisa zvinhu ari kutanga kubuda mukugadzirisa ivhu nekuvandudza. Microorganisms inoita basa rakakosha mukudzoreredza kudya kwevhu uye kukanganisa chimiro nemakemikari evhu. Kuisa microbial inoculants kune ivhu rebindu retii uchishandisa asprayerinogona kuvandudza ivhu microbial basa, kuwedzera ivhu microbial kuwanda, uye zvikuru kunatsiridza siyana fertility zviratidzo. Bacillus amyloides inogona kuvandudza kunaka uye goho reti, uye yakanakisa mhedzisiro inowanikwa kana huwandu hwese hwemakoloni huri 1.6 × 108 cfu/mL. Yakakwira molecular polymer zvakare inoshanda ivhu nyowani inovandudza pfuma. Macromolecular polymers inogona kuwedzera huwandu hwevhu macroaggregates, kuwedzera porosity, uye kugadzirisa ivhu. Kuisa polyacrylamide kune ivhu rine acidic kunogona kuwedzera pH kukosha kwevhu kusvika pamwero wakati uye kudzora zvirinani zvimiro zvevhu.

5. Kuberekesa zvine musoro

Kuiswa zvisina tsarukano kwemafetereza emakemikari ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvakakosha zvinoita kuti ivhu rive neacidification. Mafetereza emakemikari anogona kukurumidza kushandura chikafu chiri muvhu rebindu reti. Semuenzaniso, kusaenzana kwefetiraiza kunogona kukonzera kusaenzana kwekudya kwevhu izvo zvinogona kuwedzera zviri nyore mamiriro ekuita kwevhu. Kunyanya, kushandiswa kwenguva refu unilateral kushandiswa kweasidhi fetiraiza, physiological acid mafetiraiza kana nitrogen fetiraiza zvinozotungamira kune ivhu acidification. Naizvozvo, kushandisa afetereza spreaderinogona kuparadzira fetiraiza zvakaenzana. Magadheni etii haafaniri kusimbisa kushandiswa chete kwenitrogen fertilizer, asi inofanira kuchenjerera kushandiswa kwakasanganiswa kwenitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nezvimwe zvinhu. Kuti uenzanise kudya kwevhu uye kudzivirira ivhu acidification, zvichienderana nekutorwa kwemaitiro efotereza uye hunhu hwevhu, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa ivhu rekuongorora fomula fetiraiza kana kusanganisa nekuisa akawanda mafetireza.