Gutora icyayi cyo mu mpeshyi biri hafi kurangira, kandi nyuma yo gutoranya, ikibazo cyo gutema ibiti byicyayi ntigishobora kwirindwa. Uyu munsi reka twumve impamvu gutema ibiti byicyayi ari ngombwa nuburyo bwo kubitema?

1.Imiterere yumubiri yo gutema ibiti byicyayi
Igiti cyicyayi gifite ibiranga gukura kwinshi. Urwego rwo hejuru rwuruti nyamukuru rukura vuba, kandi amababi yinyuma akura buhoro cyangwa ntakure vuba. Kwiganza gukomeye birinda kumera kumera cyangwa kubuza gukura kwamashami yinyuma. Ubusanzwe apical yakuweho no gutema, bityo ikuraho ingaruka zo guhagarika ingemwe zumuti kumpera. Gutema ibiti by'icyayi birashobora kugabanya imyaka yo gukura yicyayi cyicyayi, bityo bikongera imbaraga zo gukura. Kubijyanye no gukura kwibiti byicyayi, gutema bigabanya uburinganire bwimiterere hagati yubutaka nubutaka, kandi bigira uruhare mukuzamura imikurire yubutaka. Muri icyo gihe, imikurire ikomeye yikibabi ikora ibicuruzwa byinshi bya Tonghua, kandi sisitemu yumuzi irashobora kubona intungamubiri nyinshi kandi igatera imbere kurushaho gukura kwimizi.

2.Igihe cyo gutema ibiti byicyayi
Mu karere kanjye k'icyayi mu bihe bine bitandukanye, gutema ibiti by'icyayi mbere yo kumera mu mpeshyi ni igihe gifite ingaruka nke ku giti. Muri iki gihe, imizi ifite ibikoresho bihagije byo kubika, kandi ni nigihe ubushyuhe buzamuka buhoro buhoro, imvura iba myinshi, kandi imikurire yibiti byicyayi irakwiriye. Muri icyo gihe, isoko ni intangiriro yukuzamuka kwumwaka, kandi imishitsi mishya irashobora kugira igihe kirekire cyo gukura neza nyuma yo gutema.
Guhitamo igihe cyo gutema nabyo biterwa nikirere cyahantu hatandukanye. Mu bice bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi umwaka wose, nka Guangdong, Yunnan na Fujian, gutema birashobora gukorwa igihe cyicyayi kirangiye; ahantu h'icyayi hamwe n’icyayi kinini cy’imisozi kibangamiwe n’ibyangiritse bikonje mu gihe cyizuba, Gutema Imvura bigomba gutinda. Ariko rero, mu turere tumwe na tumwe, mu rwego rwo gukumira igiti n'amashami gukonjeshwa, uburyo bwo kugabanya uburebure bw’igitereko bukoreshwa mu kunoza ubukonje. Uku gutema nibyiza gukorwa mugihe cyizuba gitinze; ahantu h'icyayi hamwe nigihe cyizuba nigihe cyimvura, gutema ntibigomba gutoranywa mbere yigihe cyizuba. , bitabaye ibyo bizagorana kumera nyuma yo gutema.

3.Uburyo bwo gutema ibiti
Gutema ibiti by'icyayi bikuze bikorwa hashingiwe ku gutema stereotyped. Ihuriro ryo gutema urumuri no gutema byimbitse byemewe cyane cyane, kugirango ibiti byicyayi bishobore gukomeza imbaraga zo gukura hamwe nubutaka bwiza bwo gutoragura, kandi bimera neza kandi bikomeye, kugirango byorohereze umusaruro mwinshi.

Gukata urumuri:Mubisanzwe, gutema urumuri bikorwa hejuru yo gutoragura ikamba ryicyayi rimwe mumwaka, kandi gukata kwa nyuma kuzamurwa na cm 3 kugeza kuri 5 buri mwanya. Niba ikamba ryiza kandi rikura cyane, rirashobora gutemwa rimwe mumwaka. Intego yo gutema urumuri ni ugukomeza kumera neza kandi ikomeye kumera hejuru yigiti cyicyayi, guteza imbere ibimera, no kugabanya indabyo n'imbuto. Mubisanzwe, gutema urumuri bikorwa ako kanya nyuma yo gutora icyayi cyimpeshyi, hanyuma imishitsi yaho hamwe nigice cyizuba cyumwaka ushize.

Gutema cyane:Nyuma yimyaka myinshi yo gutoragura no gukata byoroheje, amashami menshi mato kandi apfunditse akura hejuru yikamba, bakunze kwita "amashami yinkoko". Bitewe na node nyinshi, zibuza itangwa ryintungamubiri, amababi namababi yoherejwe ni bito, kandi hariho amababi menshi yaciwe, bizagabanya umusaruro nubwiza. Igice cy'amashami y'ibirenge by'inkoko gifite ubujyakuzimu bwa cm 15 birashobora kugarura imbaraga z'igiti no kunoza ubushobozi bwo kumera. Nyuma yo gutema 1 byimbitse, komeza ushyire mubikorwa byinshi byo gutema, kandi ibirenge byinkoko bizagaragara mugihe kizaza, bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka, hanyuma hakorwe 1 byimbitse. Inshuro nyinshi kandi muburyo butandukanye, igiti cyicyayi kirashobora gukomeza imbaraga zo gukura kandi kigakomeza gutanga umusaruro mwinshi. Gukata byimbitse bikorwa mbere yuko icyayi kimera.

Uruzitiro rwuruzitiro rukoreshwa mugukata urumuri no gutema byimbitse. Gukata impande zigomba kuba zityaye kandi gukata bigomba kuba biringaniye. Gerageza kwirinda gutema amashami no kugira ingaruka ku gukira ibikomere.

4.Guhuza gutema ibiti byicyayi nizindi ngamba
(1) Igomba guhuzwa cyane nifumbire nogucunga amazi. Gukoresha cyane ifumbire mvaruganda na fosifore nifumbire ya potasiyumu mbere yo gutema, no gukoresha mugihe cyifumbire mvaruganda yo hejuru iyo imishitsi mishya imaze kumera nyuma yo gukata irashobora guteza imbere gukomera no gukura byihuse kumashami mashya, kandi bigatanga uruhare runini muburyo bukwiye bwo gutema;
(2) Igomba guhuzwa no gutoranya no kugumana ingero. Kubera ko gutema cyane bigabanya ubuso bwamababi yicyayi kandi bikagabanya ubuso bwa fotosintezitike, amashami yumusaruro yakuwe munsi yubutaka bwo gukata muri rusange ni gake kandi ntashobora gukora ahantu ho gutoragura. Kubwibyo, birakenewe kongera umubyimba wamashami ukoresheje kugumana. Hashingiwe, amashami yo gukura ya kabiri arakura, kandi ubuso bwo gutoranya bwongeye guhingwa no gutema;
(3) Igomba guhuzwa ningamba zo kurwanya udukoko. Ku cyayi aphid, icyayi cyinzoka, icyayi inyenzi nziza, icyayi kibabi kibabi, nibindi byangiza imishitsi yumuti muto, birakenewe kubigenzura no kubigenzura mugihe gikwiye. Amashami n'amababi asigara avugururwa no kuvugurura ibiti byicyayi bishaje bigomba kuvanwa mu busitani mugihe, kandi ubutaka buzengurutse ibihuru hamwe nibihuru byicyayi bigomba guterwa neza kugirango bikureho ubworozi bw’indwara n’udukoko.