Ingaruka zo kurwanya no kwangiza icyayi zanditswe hakiri kare ibyatsi bya Shennong. Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga, abantu bishyura byinshi
no kwita cyane kubikorwa byubuzima bwicyayi. Icyayi gikungahaye ku cyayi polifenol, icyayi polysaccharide, theanine, cafeyine nibindi bikoresho bikora. Ifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda umubyibuho ukabije, diyabete, umuriro udakira n'izindi ndwara.
Ibimera byo mu mara bifatwa nk '“urugingo rukomeye” na “endocrine organ”, bigizwe na mikorobe zigera kuri 100.000 mu mara. Ibimera byo munda bifitanye isano rya bugufi no kuba umubyibuho ukabije, diyabete, hypertension nizindi ndwara.
Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekanye ko ingaruka zidasanzwe zita ku buzima bw’icyayi zishobora guterwa n’imikoranire hagati yicyayi, ibigize imikorere n’ibimera byo mu nda. Umubare munini wibitabo byemeje ko polifenol yicyayi ifite bioavailable nkeya ishobora kwinjizwa no gukoreshwa na mikorobe mu mara manini, bikavamo inyungu zubuzima. Nyamara, uburyo bwimikoranire hagati yicyayi nibimera byo munda ntibisobanutse. Byaba ari ingaruka itaziguye ya metabolite yibigize icyayi ikora hamwe na mikorobe, cyangwa ingaruka zitaziguye zicyayi zitera imikurire mikorobe yihariye ifata amara kugirango itange metabolite nziza.
Niyo mpamvu, iyi nyandiko ivuga muri make imikoranire hagati yicyayi nibigize imikorere yayo hamwe n’ibimera byo mu nda mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo mu myaka yashize, ikanahuza uburyo bwo kugenzura “icyayi n’ibigize imikorere - flora yo mu nda - metabolite yo mu nda - ubuzima bwakiriye”, kugira ngo tanga ibitekerezo bishya byo kwiga imikorere yubuzima bwicyayi nibigize imikorere.

01
Isano iri hagati yibimera byo munda na homeostasis yabantu
Hamwe nibidukikije bishyushye kandi bitagabanywa amara yumuntu, mikorobe irashobora gukura no kubyara mu mara yumuntu, kikaba ari igice kidashobora gutandukana cyumubiri wumuntu. Microbiota itwarwa numubiri wumuntu irashobora gukura muburyo bujyanye niterambere ryumubiri wumuntu, kandi ikagumana ituze ryigihe gito nubwinshi butandukanye mubukure kugeza gupfa.
Ibimera byo munda birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubudahangarwa bwabantu, metabolisme na sisitemu ya nervice binyuze muri metabolite ikungahaye, nka acide ya fatty acide acide (SCFAs). Mu mara yabantu bakuze bafite ubuzima bwiza, Bacteroidetes na Firmicute nibimera byiganje, bingana na 90% byibimera byose byo munda, bikurikirwa na Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, verrucomicrobia nibindi.
Ibinyabuzima bitandukanye mu mara bihuza mu rugero runaka, bikabuza kandi bigashingirana, kugira ngo bigumane uburinganire bwa homeostasis yo mu nda. Guhangayika mu mutwe, akamenyero ko kurya, antibiyotike, amara adasanzwe pH nibindi bintu bizasenya uburinganire bwimbere bwamara, bigatera ubusumbane bwibimera byo munda, kandi kurwego runaka, bitera indwara ya metabolike, reaction yumuriro, ndetse nizindi ndwara zifitanye isano , nk'indwara zo mu gifu, indwara z'ubwonko n'ibindi.
Indyo nicyo kintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumara. Indyo nziza (nka fibre yibiryo byinshi, prebiotics, nibindi) bizateza imbere itunganywa rya bagiteri zifite akamaro, nko kwiyongera kwa Lactobacillus na Bifidobacterium zitanga SCFAs, kugirango byongere insuline kandi biteze imbere ubuzima bwakiriye. Indyo itari nziza (nk'isukari nyinshi n'indyo ya Calorie nyinshi) izahindura imiterere y'ibimera byo mu mara kandi byongere umubare wa bagiteri-Gram-mbi, mu gihe bagiteri nyinshi za Gram-mbi zituma umusaruro wa lipopolysaccharide (LPS), wongera amara, kandi biganisha ku mubyibuho ukabije, gutwika ndetse na endotoxemia.
Kubwibyo, indyo ningirakamaro cyane mukubungabunga no gushiraho homeostasis ya flora yo munda ya nyirarureshwa, ifitanye isano itaziguye nubuzima bwuwakiriye.

02

Kugena icyayi nibigize imikorere yibimera byo munda
Kugeza ubu, hari icyayi kirenga 700 kizwi mu cyayi, harimo icyayi cya polifenol, icyayi polysaccharide, theanine, cafeyine nibindi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko icyayi nibigize imikorere bigira uruhare runini muburyo butandukanye bwibimera byo mu mara byabantu, harimo guteza imbere imikurire ya porotiyotike nka akkermansia, bifidobacteria na Roseburia, no kubuza gukura kwa bagiteri zangiza nka Enterobacteriaceae na Helicobacter.
1. Kugena icyayi kuri flora yo munda
Muri moderi ya colitis iterwa na sodium sulfate dextran, icyayi gitandatu byagaragaye ko gifite ingaruka za prebiotic, zishobora kongera cyane itandukaniro ry’ibimera byo mu mara mu mbeba za colitis, bikagabanya ubwinshi bwa bagiteri zishobora kwangiza no kongera ubwinshi bwa bagiteri zishobora kugira akamaro.

Huang n'abandi. Byagaragaye ko kuvura icyayi cya Pu'er bishobora kugabanya cyane uburibwe bwo munda buterwa na sodium sulfate ya dextran; Muri icyo gihe, kuvura icyayi cya Pu'er birashobora kugabanya ubwinshi bwa bagiteri zishobora kwangiza Spirillum, cyanobacteria na Enterobacteriaceae, kandi bigatera imbere kwiyongera kwinshi kwa bagiteri zifite akamaro Ackermann, Lactobacillus, muribaculum na ruminococcaceae ucg-014. Ubushakashatsi bwo guhinduranya fecal bacteri bwongeye kwerekana ko icyayi cya Pu'er gishobora kunoza colitis iterwa na sodium sulfate dextran ihindura ubusumbane bw’ibimera byo mu nda. Iri terambere rishobora guterwa no kwiyongera kwibirimo bya SCFAs muri cecum yimbeba no gukora kwakirwa na colonic peroxisome proliferator γ Kwiyongera kumvugo. Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko icyayi gifite ibikorwa bya prebiotic, kandi imikorere yubuzima bwicyayi biterwa byibuze igice cyayo cyo kugenzura ibimera byo munda.

2. Kugena icyayi cya polifenole kuri flora yo munda
Zhu n'abandi basanze ko icyayi cya Fuzhuan icyayi cya polifenol gishobora kugabanya cyane ubusumbane bw’ibimera byo mu mara mu mbeba ziterwa n’imirire y’amavuta menshi, kongera ubwinshi bw’ibimera byo mu mara, kugabanya igipimo cya Firmicute / Bacteroidetes, kandi byongera cyane ubwinshi ugereranije n’ubwinshi bw’ibanze. mikorobe, harimo akkermansia muciniphila, alloprevotella Bacteroides na baculum ya faecalis, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwo guhinduranya bacteri fecal yerekanye ko ingaruka zo kugabanya ibiro bya Fuzhuan Tea polifenol zifitanye isano itaziguye na flora yo mara. Wu n'abandi. Byagaragaye ko muburyo bwa colitis iterwa na sodium sulfate ya dextran, ingaruka zo kugabanya epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) kuri colitis igerwaho no kugenzura ibimera byo munda. EGCG irashobora kunoza neza ubwinshi bwa SCFAs itanga mikorobe, nka Ackermann na Lactobacillus. Ingaruka ya prebiotic yicyayi polifenole irashobora kugabanya ubusumbane bwibimera byo munda biterwa nimpamvu mbi. Nubwo tagisi yihariye ya bagiteri igengwa nisoko itandukanye yicyayi polifenole ishobora kuba itandukanye, ntagushidikanya ko imikorere yubuzima bwicyayi polifenol ifitanye isano rya hafi na flora yo munda.
3. Kugena icyayi polysaccharide kuri flora yo munda
Icyayi polysaccharide irashobora kongera ubudasa bwibimera byo munda. Byagaragaye mu mara y’imbeba yerekana urugero rwa diyabete ko polysaccharide yicyayi ishobora kongera ubwinshi bwikigereranyo cya SCFAs itanga mikorobe, nka lachnospira, victivallis na Rossella, hanyuma igahindura glucose na lipide metabolism. Muri icyo gihe, muri moderi ya colitis iterwa na sodium sulfate ya dextran, habonetse icyayi polysaccharide iteza imbere imikurire ya Bacteroide, ishobora kugabanya urwego rwa LPS mu myanda na plasma, ikazamura imikorere ya bariyeri yo mu nda kandi ikabuza amara na sisitemu. gutwika. Kubwibyo, icyayi polysaccharide irashobora guteza imbere imikurire ya mikorobe ishobora kuba ingirakamaro nka SCFAs kandi ikabuza gukura kwa LPS itanga mikorobe, kugirango tunoze imiterere nimiterere yibimera byo munda kandi bikomeze homeostasis yibimera byo munda byabantu.
4. Kugena ibindi bikoresho bikora mubyayi kuri flora yo munda
Icyayi saponin, kizwi kandi ku izina rya icyayi saponin, ni ubwoko bwa glycoside ivanze ifite imiterere igoye ikurwa mu mbuto z'icyayi. Ifite uburemere bunini bwa molekile, polarite ikomeye kandi byoroshye gushonga mumazi. Li Yu n'abandi bagaburiye abana b'intama bonsa hamwe n'icyayi saponin. Ibyavuye mu isesengura ry’ibimera byo mu mara byerekanaga ko ubwinshi bwa bagiteri zifite akamaro zijyanye no kongera ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo gusya bwiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, mu gihe ubwinshi bwa bagiteri zangiza zifitanye isano no kwandura umubiri byagabanutse cyane. Kubwibyo, icyayi saponin kigira ingaruka nziza kumara yintama zo munda. Kwivanga kwa saponin yicyayi birashobora kongera ubudasa bwibimera byo munda, bigatera imbere homeostasis yo munda, kandi bikongerera ubudahangarwa nubushobozi bwigifu bwumubiri.
Mubyongeyeho, ibyingenzi byingenzi bikora mubyayi harimo na theanine na cafine. Nyamara, kubera bioavailable nyinshi ya theanine, cafine nibindi bikoresho bikora, iyinjizwa ryarangiye ahanini mbere yo kugera mu mara manini, mugihe flora yo munda ikwirakwizwa cyane mu mara manini. Kubwibyo, imikoranire hagati yabo na flora yo munda ntabwo isobanutse.

03
Icyayi nibigize imikorere bigenga flora yo munda
Uburyo bushoboka bugira ingaruka kubuzima bwakiriwe
Lipinski n'abandi bemeza ko ibinyabuzima bifite bioavailable nkeya muri rusange bifite ibintu bikurikira: (1) uburemere bwa molekuline> 500, logP> 5; (2) Ingano ya - Oh cyangwa - NH mu kigo ni ≥ 5; . kuberako bafite byose cyangwa igice cyimiterere yavuzwe haruguru.
Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ibyo bivanga bishobora kuba intungamubiri za flora yo munda. Ku ruhande rumwe, ibyo bintu bidashizwemo birashobora kwangirika mubintu bito bikora nka molekile ikora nka SCFAs kugirango umuntu yinjire kandi ayikoreshe yitabiriye ibimera byo munda. Ku rundi ruhande, ibyo bintu birashobora kandi kugenga ibimera byo mu mara, bigatera imbere gukura kwa mikorobe ngirakamaro itanga ibintu nka SCFAs kandi bikabuza gukura kwa mikorobe yangiza itanga ibintu nka LPS.
Koropatkin n'abandi basanze flora yo munda ishobora guhinduranya polysaccharide mu cyayi muri metabolite ya kabiri yiganjemo SCFAs binyuze mu kwangirika kwambere no kwangirika kwa kabiri. Byongeye kandi, icyayi cya polifenol mu mara kitakiriwe neza kandi kigakoreshwa numubiri wumuntu gishobora guhinduka buhoro buhoro ibintu byitwa aromatic, acide fenolike nibindi bintu byakozwe na flora yo munda, kugirango bigaragaze ibikorwa bya physiologique byo kwinjirira abantu. no kuyikoresha.
Umubare munini w’ubushakashatsi wemeje ko icyayi n’ibigize bikora cyane cyane bigenga ibimera byo mu mara bikomeza imiterere ya mikorobe yo mu mara, bigatera imbere gukura kwa bagiteri zifite akamaro no guhagarika bagiteri zangiza, kugira ngo bigabanye mikorobe ya mikorobe kugira ngo umuntu yinjire kandi ayikoreshe, kandi atange umukino wuzuye ku kamaro k'ubuzima bw'icyayi n'ibigize imikorere. Ufatanije nisesengura ryubuvanganzo, uburyo bwicyayi, ibigize imikorere hamwe nibimera byo munda bigira ingaruka kubuzima bwakiriwe bishobora kugaragara cyane mubice bitatu bikurikira.
1. Icyayi nibigize imikorere - flora yo munda - SCFAs - uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuzima bwakira
Ingirabuzimafatizo zo mu nda ziruta inshuro 150 ugereranije na gen. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa mikorobe ituma bugira imisemburo n'inzira ya metabolike ya biohimiki nyirubwite idafite, kandi irashobora gushiramo imisemburo myinshi umubiri w'umuntu udafite kugirango uhindure polysaccharide muri monosaccharide na SCFAs.
SCFAs ikorwa na fermentation no guhindura ibiryo bidafite isuku mu mara. Ni metabolite nyamukuru ya mikorobe mikorobe ku mpera y’amara, cyane cyane aside aside, aside protionic na aside butyric. SCFAs ifatwa nkaho ifitanye isano rya bugufi na glucose na metabolisme ya lipide, gutwika amara, inzitizi yo munda, kugenda amara n'imikorere yubudahangarwa. Muri moderi ya colitis iterwa na sodium sulfate ya dextran, icyayi gishobora kongera ubwinshi bwikigereranyo cya SCFAs itanga mikorobe mu mara yimbeba kandi ikongera ibiri muri acide acetike, aside protionic na aside butyric mumase, kugirango bigabanye uburibwe bwo munda. Pu'er icyayi polysaccharide irashobora kugenga cyane ibimera byo munda, bigatera imbere gukura kwa SCFAs itanga mikorobe kandi bikongera ibikubiye muri SCFAs mumyanda yimbeba. Kimwe na polysaccharide, gufata icyayi cya polifenole birashobora kandi kongera ubukana bwa SCFAs kandi bigatera imbere gukura kwa SCFAs itanga mikorobe. Muri icyo gihe, Wang n'abandi basanze gufata thearubicine bishobora kongera ubwinshi bw’ibimera byo mu nda bitanga SCFAs, bigatera ishingwa rya SCFAs mu mara, cyane cyane gushiraho aside butyric, biteza imbere ibinure byamavuta yera no kunoza umuriro imvururu ziterwa nimirire yuzuye amavuta.
Kubwibyo, icyayi nibigize bikora birashobora guteza imbere imikurire niyororoka rya SCFAs itanga mikorobe muguhindura ibimera byo munda, kugirango byongere ibikubiye muri SCFA mumubiri kandi bikine nibikorwa byubuzima bijyanye.

2. Icyayi nibigize imikorere - flora yo munda - bas - uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuzima bwakira
Acide ya Bile (BAS) nubundi bwoko bwimvange zifite ingaruka nziza kubuzima bwabantu, bigahuzwa na hepatocytes. Acide yibanze ya acide ikomatanya mwumwijima ihuza na taurine na glycine kandi ikinjira mu mara. Noneho urukurikirane rwibisubizo nka dehydroxylation, isomerisale itandukanye hamwe na okiside bibaho mugikorwa cya flora yo mara, hanyuma hakavamo aside aside ya kabiri. Kubwibyo, flora yo munda igira uruhare runini muri metabolism ya bas.
Byongeye kandi, impinduka za BAS nazo zifitanye isano rya bugufi na glucose na lipide metabolism, inzitizi yo munda hamwe nurwego rwo gutwika. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko icyayi cya Pu'er na theabrownin bishobora kugabanya cholesterol na lipide muguhagarika mikorobe zijyanye nigikorwa cyumunyu wa hydrolase (BSH) no kongera urwego rwa acide aside ileal. Binyuze mu buyobozi bukomatanyije bwa EGCG na cafeyine, Zhu n'abandi. Byagaragaye ko uruhare rwicyayi mukugabanya ibinure no kugabanya ibiro bishobora kuba kubera ko EGCG na cafeyine bishobora kunoza imvugo ya saline lyase BSH gene ya flora yo munda, igateza imbere umusaruro wa acide idafite aside, ihindura pisine ya aside, hanyuma ikabuza umubyibuho ukabije biterwa nimirire yuzuye amavuta.
Kubwibyo, icyayi nibigize bikora birashobora kugenga imikurire niyororoka rya mikorobe ifitanye isano rya hafi na metabolism ya BAS, hanyuma igahindura pisine ya aside aside mumubiri, kugirango ikine umurimo wo kugabanya lipide no kugabanya ibiro.
3. Icyayi nibigize imikorere - flora yo munda - izindi metabolite zo munda - uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuzima bwakira
LPS, izwi kandi nka endotoxine, nigice cyo hanze cyurukuta rwa selile ya bagiteri-mbi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ihungabana ry’ibimera byo mu mara bizatera kwangirika kwinzitizi zo munda, LPS yinjira mu kuzenguruka, hanyuma biganisha ku ruhererekane rwo gutwika. Zuo Gaolong n'abandi. Byagaragaye ko icyayi cya Fuzhuan cyagabanije cyane urugero rwa serumu LPS mu mbeba zifite indwara y’umwijima idafite inzoga, kandi umubare wa bagiteri-Gram-mbi mu mara wagabanutse cyane. Byakomeje kuvugwa ko icyayi cya Fuzhuan gishobora kubuza imikurire ya bagiteri ya Gram-mbi itanga LPS mu mara.
Byongeye kandi, icyayi nibigize imikorere yacyo birashobora kandi kugenzura ibikubiye muri metabolite zitandukanye za flora yo munda binyuze mu bimera byo mu mara, nka acide yuzuye amavuta, aside amine acide, vitamine K2 nibindi bintu, kugirango bigabanye glucose na lipide metabolism kandi urinde amagufwa.

04
Umwanzuro
Nka kimwe mu binyobwa bizwi cyane ku isi, imikorere yubuzima bwicyayi yizwe cyane mumaselire, inyamaswa ndetse numubiri wabantu. Kera, wasangaga abantu batekereza ko ibikorwa byubuzima bwicyayi ahanini ari sterisizione, anti-inflammatory, anti-okiside nibindi.
Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi bwibimera byo munda bwagiye bukurura abantu benshi. Kuva "indwara yo mu nda ya mbere yakira" kugeza ubu "yakira indwara zo mu nda zo mu nda zo mu nda", irasobanura kandi isano iri hagati y’indwara n’ibimera byo mu nda. Ariko, kuri ubu, ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye no kugenzura icyayi n’ibigize imikorere y’ibimera byo mu mara byibanda cyane cyane ku kurwanya indwara zo mu mara, guteza imbere imikurire ya bagiteri zifite akamaro no kubuza gukura kwa bagiteri zangiza, mu gihe hakiri ubushakashatsi buke kuri umubano wihariye hagati yicyayi nibigize imikorere igenga ibimera byo munda nubuzima bwakiriye.
Kubwibyo, hashingiwe ku ncamake itunganijwe y’ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa, iyi mpapuro igizwe nigitekerezo nyamukuru cy "icyayi nibigize imikorere - flora yo mu mara - metabolite yo munda - ubuzima bwakiriye", hagamijwe gutanga ibitekerezo bishya byo kwiga imikorere yubuzima bwa icyayi n'ibigize imikorere.
Bitewe nuburyo budasobanutse bw "icyayi nibigize imikorere - flora yo munda - metabolite yo munda - ubuzima bwakira", ibyiringiro byiterambere ryisoko ryicyayi nibigize imikorere ya prebiotics ni bike. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, "gusubiza ibiyobyabwenge ku giti cye" byagaragaye ko bifitanye isano cyane no gutandukanya ibimera byo munda. Muri icyo gihe, hamwe n’igitekerezo cy’imyumvire y '“ubuvuzi bwuzuye”, “imirire yuzuye” n' “ibiryo byuzuye”, hasabwa ibisabwa kugira ngo hasobanurwe isano iri hagati y '“icyayi n’ibigize imikorere - flora yo mu nda - metabolite yo mu nda - ubuzima bwakira ”. Mu bushakashatsi buzaza, abashakashatsi bakwiye kurushaho gusobanura imikoranire hagati yicyayi nibigize imikorere yayo hamwe n’ibimera byo mu nda hifashishijwe uburyo bwa siyansi bwateye imbere, nko guhuza amatsinda menshi (nka macrogenome na metabolome). Imikorere yubuzima bwicyayi nibigize imikorere yakozweho ubushakashatsi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kwigunga no kweza amara yimbeba nimbeba zidasanzwe. Nubwo uburyo bwicyayi nibigize imikorere igenga ibimera byo munda bigira ingaruka kubuzima bwakiriye ntibisobanutse neza, ntagushidikanya ko ingaruka zicyayi nibigize imikorere yibimera byo munda ari ikintu cyingenzi mubikorwa byubuzima.