Icyayi cy'umukara ni icyayi cyuzuye, kandi itunganywa ryacyo ryakozwe muburyo bukomeye bwo gufata imiti, bushingiye kumiterere yimiti yabibabi yamababi mashya namategeko yayo ahinduka, guhindura muburyo bwimikorere kugirango ibe ibara ryihariye, impumuro nziza, uburyohe na imiterere y'icyayi cy'umukara. Icyayi cyirabura muri rusange gifite ubuziranenge bw "isupu itukura namababi atukura".

Icyayi cy'umukara mu Bushinwa kirimo icyayi cy'umukara cya Souchong, icyayi cy'umukara cya Gongfu n'icyayi cy'umukara kimenetse. Icyayi cy'umukara Soochong nicyayi cyirabura cya kera. Ubusanzwe ikorerwa kumusozi wa Wuyi kandi niyo yatangije ibindi byayi byirabura. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwicyayi cyirabura cya Gongfu, kandi inkomoko nayo iratandukanye. Kurugero, umusaruro wingenzi wicyayi cyirabura cya Qimen Gongfu mukarere ka Qimen, Anhui, na Yunnan icyayi gitukura Gongfu, nibindi.; Icyayi cy'umukara kimenetse gikwirakwizwa cyane, cyane cyane kohereza hanze.

Muburyo bwo gutunganya, okiside polymerisiyasi itanga ibintu byamabara nka theaflavine, thearubicins, na thefuscins. Ibi bintu, hamwe na cafine, acide amine yubusa, isukari ishonga nibindi bice byimbere, bigira ingaruka kumabara nuburyohe bwicyayi cyirabura; icyarimwe, glycoside hydrolysis Enzymatique hydrolysis irekura ibice bya terpene, kandi kwangirika kwa okiside ya aside irike idahagije bigira ingaruka kumoko yicyayi cyumukara.

Uburyo bwo gukora icyayi cyirabura ntibushobora gutandukana, kandi tekinoroji yo gutunganya ikubiyemo inzira enye zo gukama, kuzunguruka, gusembura no gukama. Ni izihe nshingano izi nzira zikora mugukora icyayi cyirabura?

1.byumye.

Kuma ni inzira yambere mugutangira icyayi cyirabura, kandi nuburyo bwibanze bwo gukora ubwiza bwicyayi cyirabura. Kuma bifite ingaruka ebyiri:

Imwe muriyo ni uguhumeka igice cyamazi, kugabanya ubukana bwingirangingo zicyayi, gukora ikibabi kiva kumeneka kugeza cyoroshye, kongera ubukana bwamababi namababi, kandi byoroshye guhinduranya imirongo.

Iya kabiri ifasha impinduka mubirimo ibintu. Bitewe no gutakaza amazi, ubwiyongere bwa membrane selile bwiyongera, kandi imisemburo ya biologiya irimo irimo kugenda ikora buhoro buhoro, bigatera urukurikirane rwimihindagurikire yimiti mubikubiye mu nama zicyayi, bigashyiraho urufatiro rwo gushiraho ubuziranenge bwihariye bwa icyayi cy'umukara ibara n'impumuro nziza.

2. Gupfukamaing (Rolling)

Gupfukama (gukata) ninzira yingenzi kuri Gongfu icyayi cyumukara hamwe nicyayi cyumukara cyacitse kugirango gikore ishusho nziza kandi gikore ubuziranenge bwimbere. Icyayi cyirabura cya Gongfu gisaba kugaragara neza nuburyohe bwimbere, biterwa nurwego rwo gukomera kwamababi no kwangirika kwingirangingo.

Hariho imirimo itatu yo kuzunguruka:

Imwe muriyo ni ugusenya ingirabuzimafatizo z'amababi kuzunguruka, kugirango umutobe w'icyayi urengere, kwihutisha okiside ya enzymatique ya polifenol, kandi ushireho urufatiro rwo gushiraho endoplazme idasanzwe y'icyayi cy'umukara.

Iya kabiri ni ukuzunguza ibyuma mu mugozi ugororotse, kugabanya imiterere yumubiri, no gukora isura nziza.

Icya gatatu nuko umutobe wicyayi urengerwa kandi ukegeranya hejuru yumurongo wibabi, byoroshye gushonga mumazi mugihe cyo guteka, byongera ubwinshi bwisupu yicyayi kandi bigasa neza kandi bifite amavuta.

3. Fermentation

Gusembura ni inzira yingenzi yo gushiraho ibara ryicyayi cyirabura, impumuro nziza, nuburyohe bwikiranga. Gusa fermentation nziza irashobora gukora theaflavine nyinshi na thearubigen, hamwe nuburyohe bwinshi nibintu byiza.

Gusembura ni inzira ikomeza, ntabwo ari inzira gusa. Fermentation yamyeho kuva icyayi cyumukara kizunguruka kandi cyumye. Mubisanzwe, uburyo bwihariye bwo gusembura bwashyizweho mbere yo gukama nyuma yo kuzunguruka, kugirango icyayi gishobore kugera kurwego rukwiye.

Iyo icyayi cy'umukara gisembuwe, amababi y'icyayi akaranze ashyirwa mubikoresho bya fermentation cyangwa igare rya fermentation, hanyuma bigashyirwa mubigega bya fermentation cyangwa icyumba cya fermentation kugirango bisembure. Mu myaka yashize, havutse ibikoresho bishya bya fermentation. Gusembura bigomba kuba byujuje ubushyuhe bukwiye, ubushuhe hamwe na ogisijeni ikenerwa kugirango okiside polymerisiyasi yicyayi polifenolase.

4. Kuma.

Kuma bikorwa no gukama, mubisanzwe bigabanijwemo inshuro ebyiri, ubwambere bwitwa umuriro wumusatsi, ubwa kabiri bwitwa umuriro wamaguru. Umuriro wumusatsi nibirenge bigomba gukwirakwira neza.

Kuma nabyo bitanga intego eshatu:

Imwe muriyo ni ugukoresha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango uhindure vuba ibikorwa bya enzyme, guhagarika okiside ya enzymatique, no gukosora ubwiza bwa fermentation.

Iya kabiri ni uguhumeka amazi, kugabanya ibiti byicyayi, gutunganya imiterere, no gukomeza ibirenge byumye, bifasha kubungabunga ubuziranenge.

Icya gatatu ni ugusohora ibyatsi byinshi byibyatsi bifite aho bitetse, gukaza umurego no kugumana ibintu bihumura neza hamwe no guteka, no kubona impumuro nziza idasanzwe yicyayi cyirabura.