Gucunga ibiti byicyayi bivuga urukurikirane rwo guhinga no gucunga ibiti byicyayi, harimo gutema, gucunga ibiti byimashini, no gucunga amazi n’ifumbire mu busitani bwicyayi, bigamije kuzamura umusaruro wicyayi nubwiza no kongera inyungu zicyayi.

Gutema igiti cy'icyayi

Mugihe cyo gukura kwibiti byicyayi, bifite ibyiza bigaragara. Gukata birashobora guhindura intungamubiri, guhindura imiterere yibiti, kongera ubwinshi bwishami, bityo bikazamura ubwiza numusaruro wicyayi.

Ariko, gutema ibiti byicyayi ntabwo byashizweho. Birakenewe guhitamo byoroshye uburyo bwo gutema nigihe cyagenwe ukurikije ubwoko butandukanye, icyiciro cyo gukura, hamwe nuburyo bwihariye bwo guhinga ibiti byicyayi, kumenya ubujyakuzimu bwinshyi ninshuro, kwemeza neza ibiti byicyayi, guteza imbere imikurire mishya, no kuzamura ubwiza bwicyayi numusaruro. .

Gutema mu rugero

Guciriritsegutema icyayibigomba gukorwa hashingiwe ku miterere ikura n’ibipimo by’amababi y’icyayi kugirango habeho icyuho cyiza hagati y’ibiti by icyayi no guteza imbere imikurire yabo myiza.

Nyuma yo gushiraho no gutema,ibiti byicyayiIrashobora kugenzura neza imikurire ikabije hejuru yigiti cyicyayi, igatera imikurire yishami ryuruhande, kongera ubugari bwibiti, no gufasha kugera kumera hakiri kare no gutanga umusaruro mwinshi.

Kuriibiti by'icyayi bikuzegusarurwa inshuro nyinshi, ubuso bwikamba ntiburinganiye. Mu rwego rwo kuzamura ubwiza bw’ibibabi n'amababi, hakoreshwa gutema urumuri kugira ngo ukureho cm 3-5 z'amababi y'icyatsi n'amashami ataringaniye hejuru y’ikamba, hagamijwe guteza imbere imishitsi mishya.

Gukata byoroheje no gutema byimbitseibiti by'icyayi bito na hagatiirashobora gukuraho “amashami y’inkoko”, gukora hejuru yikamba hejuru yigiti cyicyayi, kwagura ubugari bwigiti, kubuza imikurire yimyororokere, guteza imbere imirire yibiti byicyayi, kongera ubushobozi bwo kumera kwicyayi, bityo byongera umusaruro. Mubisanzwe, gutema byimbitse bikorwa buri myaka 3-5, ukoresheje imashini yo gutema kugirango ukureho cm 10-15 zamashami namababi hejuru yikamba ryibiti. Igiti cyaciwe hejuru yikamba ryagoramye kugirango ryongere ubushobozi bwo kumera kwamashami.

Kurigusaza ibiti byicyayi, gutema birashobora gukorwa kugirango uhindure rwose imiterere yikamba ryibiti. Uburebure bwo gutema igiti cyicyayi mubusanzwe buri hagati ya cm 8-10 hejuru yubutaka, kandi birakenewe ko harebwa ko inkombe zogosha zigenda zoroha kandi zoroshye kugirango biteze imbere kumera kumera kumizi yigiti cyicyayi.

Kubungabunga neza

Nyuma yo gutema, intungamubiri zibiti byicyayi biziyongera cyane. Iyo ibiti byicyayi bidafite infashanyo zihagije zintungamubiri, ndetse no kubitema bizakoresha intungamubiri nyinshi, bityo byihutishe kugabanuka.

Nyuma yo gutema mu busitani bwicyayi mu gihe cyizuba, ifumbire mvaruganda na potasiyumu ya fosiforeifumbireIrashobora gukoreshwa hamwe no guhinga byimbitse hagati yumurongo mubusitani bwicyayi. Muri rusange, kuri metero kare 667 yubusitani bwicyayi gikuze, hagomba gushyirwaho andi kg 1500 cyangwa arenga yifumbire mvaruganda, hamwe na 40-60 kg ya fosifore nifumbire ya potasiyumu, kugirango ibiti byicyayi bishobore gukira neza no gukura neza ubuzima bwiza. Ifumbire igomba gukorwa hashingiwe ku miterere nyayo y’ibiti by’icyayi, hitawe ku buringanire bwa azote, fosifore, na potasiyumu, no gukoresha uruhare rw’ifumbire kugira ngo ibiti by’icyayi byaciwe bigarure umusaruro vuba.

Ku biti by'icyayi byatewe no gutema bisanzwe, hagomba gukurikizwa ihame ryo “kugumana byinshi no gusarura bike”, guhinga bikaba intego nyamukuru no gusarura nk'inyongera; Nyuma yo gutema cyane, ibiti byicyayi bikuze bigomba kugumana amashami ukurikije urwego rwihariye rwo gutema, kandi bigashimangira amashami binyuze mu kugumana. Kuri iyi shingiro, kata amashami yisumbuye azakura nyuma kugirango ahinge ubuso bushya bwo gutoranya. Mubisanzwe, ibiti byicyayi byaciwe cyane bigomba kubikwa ibihe 1-2 mbere yo kwinjira mugihe cyo gusarura urumuri hanyuma bigasubizwa mubikorwa. Kwirengagiza imirimo yo kubungabunga cyangwa gusarura cyane nyuma yo gutema birashobora gutuma kugabanuka hakiri kare gukura kwicyayi.

Nyumagutema ibiti by'icyayi, ibikomere birashobora kwibasirwa na bagiteri n'udukoko. Muri icyo gihe, amashami mashya yatemwe agumana ubwuzu bwiza n'amashami n'amababi akomeye, bigatanga ibidukikije byiza byo gukura kw'udukoko n'indwara. Kubwibyo, kurwanya udukoko ku gihe ni ngombwa nyuma yo gutema ibiti byicyayi.

Nyuma yo gutema ibiti byicyayi, ibikomere birashobora kwibasirwa na bagiteri nudukoko. Muri icyo gihe, amashami mashya yatemwe agumana ubwuzu bwiza n'amashami n'amababi akomeye, bigatanga ibidukikije byiza byo gukura kw'udukoko n'indwara. Kubwibyo, kurwanya udukoko ku gihe ni ngombwa nyuma yo gutema ibiti byicyayi.

Ku biti by'icyayi byaciwe cyangwa byaciwe, cyane cyane ubwoko bunini bw'amababi ahingwa mu majyepfo, birasabwa gutera imvange ya Bordeaux cyangwa fungiside ku nkombe kugira ngo wirinde kwandura ibikomere. Ku biti byicyayi murwego rwo kuvugurura amashami mashya, kwirinda no kurwanya udukoko nindwara nka aphide, amababi yicyayi, icyayi cya geometride, nicyayi cyicyayi kumashami mashya birakenewe kugirango imikurire mishya ikure neza.