Iyo tuvuze icyayi, dusa nkaho twumva icyatsi kibisi, gishya, kandi gifite impumuro nziza. Icyayi, cyavutse hagati yijuru nisi, bituma abantu bumva batuje kandi bafite amahoro. Amababi y'icyayi, kuva gutoragura ikibabi kimwe kugeza cyumye, gukama izuba, hanyuma amaherezo bigahinduka impumuro nziza kururimi, bifitanye isano rya bugufi n "icyatsi". None, inzira zingahe zishobora gutunganywa?

1. Gutunganya icyayi
Ibyo bita gukosora bivuga gusenya ingirangingo yamababi mashya. Uwitekagutunganya icyayiinzira ikubiyemo gufata ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango ihindure byihuse ibiri mumababi mashya. Nkuko bizwi, icyayi kirimo ibintu bita enzyme, ikaba ari macromolecule yibinyabuzima ifite imikorere ya biocatalytic. Nibinyabuzima bishobora kwihuta cyangwa kugabanya umuvuduko wibinyabuzima bya biohimiki, ariko bidahindura icyerekezo nibicuruzwa bya reaction. Enzymes igizwe ahanini na poroteyine (hamwe na bake ni RNA), kandi ibikorwa byabo byoroha byoroshye nibintu nkubushyuhe nibidukikije bya shimi (nkagaciro ka pH).
Enzymes yangirika bidasubirwaho imiterere ya poroteyine ya proteine ​​munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi, bikaviramo gutakaza burundu ibikorwa bya enzyme. "Kuma" yamababi yicyayi akoresha umutungo wo hejuru wubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwimisemburo kugirango uhagarike mugihe ibikorwa bya okiside mumababi mashya.

Intego nyamukuru yo gutunganya icyayi nugukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi kugirango usenye ibikorwa bya polifenol oxydease mumababi mashya mugihe gito, kubuza enzyme ya polifenol catisale okiside, kandi igafasha ibiyigize gukora ubuziranenge bwicyayi cya Pu'er nkibara , impumuro, nuburyohe munsi yibikorwa bidafite imbaraga. Qingqing irashobora kandi kuvanaho ubuhehere, guhindura amababi kuva byoroshye kugeza byoroshye, bigatuma byoroshye gukata no kumera. Byongeye kandi, gukama birashobora gukuraho impumuro nziza yibibabi byamababi mashya, bigatuma amababi yicyayi asohora impumuro nziza yicyayi. Muri make, gusenya imitunganyirize n'imiterere y'amababi mashya, guhindura imiterere n'ubwiza bw'amababi mashya, no gushyiraho urufatiro rwiza rw'ubwiza budasanzwe bw'amababi y'icyayi ni intego yo gukama ndetse n'ifatizo shingiro ry'ingamba zikoranabuhanga zumye.

Kwiyuhagira izuba

Amababi mashya yumishijwe n'izuba nyuma yo gukosorwa no kuzunguruka hamwe bita "icyayi cyumye cyumye". Icyayi cyihariye cya Yunnan kigomba gukama izuba mbere yuko gihinduka icyayi cya Pu'er. Kuma izuba, nkuko izina ribigaragaza, bivuga inzira yo kumisha icyayi kibisi cyumye izuba. Kuma izuba bivuga uburyo bwo kumisha icyayi kibisi, ntabwo uburyo bwo gukama. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora icyayi cya Pu'er ni: gutoranya, gukwirakwiza bishya, byumye, gukonjesha, kuzunguruka, no gukama. Kuma izuba ninzira yo kumisha nyuma yo kuzunguruka. Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati yicyayi cyumye nubundi buryo bwo kumisha nko gukaranga no gukama ni "ubushyuhe". Uburyo bwo kumisha gukaranga no gukama bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, bugabanya ahanini ubuzima bwimisemburo ikora mumababi yicyayi, mugihe icyayi cyumye cyizuba kiratandukanye. Imirasire y'izuba n'ubushyuhe buke bigumana imikurire y'ibintu bikora. Icyayi cyumye cyizuba gifite umubiri wijimye kandi wumukara, kandi icyayi cyumye gifite uburyohe bwizuba bwumye. Ubu buryo bwumye bwizuba bwerekana impumuro nziza yindabyo nibimera, kandi impumuro ni ndende kandi uburyohe bwera nyuma yo guteka. Kwiyuhagira izuba nabyo bitera imbaraga zo kubika igihe kirekire icyayi cya Pu'er, kiba impumuro nziza mugihe.

Twabibutsa ko "gukama izuba" atari ngombwa byanze bikunze. Mu minsi yimvura cyangwa ibicu, uburyo bwo kumisha cyangwa igicucu burashobora no gutekerezwa, ariko bigomba gukorwa mubushyuhe buke, arirwo rufunguzo. Muri rusange abantu bemeza ko ubushyuhe butagomba kurenga dogere 60. Nubwo uburyo bwo kumisha ubushyuhe buke bwo kumisha izuba ari birebire, bugumana uburyohe bwumwimerere nibintu bikora byicyayi. Kwemeza ubushyuhe buke bukwiye ni itandukaniro ryingenzi mubikorwa byo kubyara hagati yicyayi cya Pu erh nicyayi kibisi. Icyayi kibisi gikoresha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango bwongere impumuro nziza, ariko ububiko bwakurikiyeho ntibushobora kugera ku ngaruka nziza "icyayi cya Pu erh gihinduka". Irashobora gukoreshwa gusa mugihe gito, bitabaye ibyo isupu yicyayi igacika intege igatakaza agaciro kayo iyo ibitswe igihe kirekire. Pu erh icyayi nigicuruzwa gitinda, umusaruro wigihe, urimo kandi "akazi gahoro gatanga akazi keza" mugikorwa cyo gukora.

icyayi gikaranze no guteka icyayi kibisi

Gukaranga no guteka icyayi kibisi ni uburyo bwo gukora icyayi kibisi. Intego ya byombi ni imwe, ni ugukoresha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango uhagarike fermentation yamababi yicyayi. Itandukaniro nuko umwe arimo gukaranga mu isafuriya yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, undi akateka neza mubushyuhe bwinshi. Gukaranga icyayi kibisi bivuga inzira yo gukoresha umuriro muke kugirango wumishe amababi yicyayi mumasafuriya mugihe cyo gutanga amababi yicyayi. Amazi yibibabi byicyayi ahumuka vuba nukuzunguruka intoki, bikabuza uburyo bwo gusembura amababi yicyayi kandi bikagumana rwose umutobe wicyayi.

Icyayi kibisi cyumye, kizunguruka, hanyuma cyumye cyitwa guteka icyayi kibisi. Guteka icyayi kibisi ni uburyo bwo kumisha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kandi amababi yicyayi yakozwe akenshi aba afite impumuro nziza. Kubwibyo, abadandaza bamwe bavanze icyayi kibisi cyatetse nicyayi cya Pu'er kugirango bongere impumuro yamababi yicyayi, ariko ntabwo bifasha guhindura icyayi cya Pu'er nyuma, bityo abaguzi bagomba kwitonda mugihe baguze.
Icyayi kibisi gitetse hamwe nicyayi kibisi gikaranze ntigishobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo byicyayi cya Pu'er, kandi ntigomba gukoreshwa mugutunganya icyayi cya Pu'er. Icyayi cya Pu'er gishingiye cyane cyane kuri auto-okiside yicyayi cyatsi cyumishijwe nizuba ubwacyo, okiside ya enzymatique ya polifenol, nigikorwa cya mikorobe. Bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bwumye bwicyayi kibisi gikaranze kandi gikaranze, okiside ya polifenol irahinduka kandi ikangirika. Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe bwinshi no gukama byihuse bikoreshwa mugihe cyumye icyayi kibisi, cyangiza cyane okiside ya polifenol. Byongeye kandi, amazi arimo icyayi kibisi gikaranze kandi gikaranze ni gito, kandi "gusaza bisanzwe" ntibishobora kurangira. Kubwibyo, ntibikwiye gutunganyirizwa mu cyayi cya Pu'er.

Icyatsi kibisi / gikunzwe cyane 'matcha'

Guhumeka icyayi kibisi nacyo ni uburyo bwo gukora icyayi kibisi. Guhumeka icyayi kibisi nicyayi cyambere cyahimbwe mubushinwa bwa kera. Ikoresha amavuta kugirango yoroshe amababi yicyayi mashya, hanyuma ikazunguruka ikuma. Icyayi kibisi gikaranze akenshi gifite ibyatsi bitatu biranga "ibara ryicyatsi kibisi, isupu icyatsi, nicyatsi kibabi", cyiza kandi gishimishije. Icyayi kibisi ni icyayi kinini cyicyayi cyicyatsi kibisi, kandi icyayi gikoreshwa mumihango yicyayi cyabayapani ni "matcha" izwi cyane kwisi yose mucyayi kibisi.