Mugihe cyambere cyo gutunganya icyayi cyumukara, ibicuruzwa bigenda bihinduka murukurikirane rwimpinduka zikomeye, bikora ibara ryihariye, impumuro nziza, uburyohe, nuburyo bwiza buranga icyayi cyirabura.

Kuma

Kumani inzira yambere mugukora icyayi cyirabura. Mu bihe bisanzwe by’ikirere, amababi mashya akwirakwizwa mu gihe runaka, bitewe ahanini n’amazi. Mugihe igihe cyumye kigenda cyiyongera, kwangirika kwibintu mumababi mashya bigenda bikomera. Hamwe no gutakaza ubudahangarwa bwamababi mashya, amababi agenda agabanuka gahoro gahoro, ibara ryibabi rihinduka kuva byoroshye kugeza byoroshye, ibara ryibabi rihinduka kuva icyatsi kibisi kigahinduka icyatsi kibisi, kandi ubwiza bwimbere nimpumuro nziza nabyo birahinduka. Iyi nzira yitwa gukama.

Inzira yumye ikubiyemo impinduka zumubiri nubumara mugihe cyumye. Izi mpinduka zombi zirahuzwa kandi zirahuza. Imihindagurikire yumubiri irashobora guteza imbere imiti, ikabuza ihinduka ryimiti, ndetse ikagira ingaruka kubicuruzwa byimihindagurikire yimiti.

Ibinyuranye, impinduka zimiti nazo zigira ingaruka kumajyambere yimpinduka. Impinduka, iterambere, hamwe ningaruka hagati yabyo ziratandukanye cyane bitewe nuburyo bwo hanze nkubushyuhe nubushuhe. Kugirango umenye urwego rwumye kandi wujuje ibisabwa byubwiza bwicyayi, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zifatika.

1. Impinduka zifatika zo gukama

Gutakaza ibibabi bishya nibice byingenzi byimpinduka zumubiri mukuma. Mu bihe bisanzwe by’ikirere, ibyuma byimbere mu nzu byumye bigenzurwa nubukorikori bivamo uburyo bwihuse, bwihuta, bwihuta, bwihuta bwamababi mashya atemba kandi akabura amazi. Mu cyiciro cya mbere, amazi yubusa mumababi ashira vuba; Mu cyiciro cya kabiri, mugihe cyo kwangirika kwibintu byimbere no gukwirakwiza amazi yibibabi kumababi, guhumeka kwamazi biratinda; Mu cyiciro cya gatatu, amazi nibintu byimbere bitwarwa kuruti kugeza kumababi bigenda byangirika kugirango bibe amazi avanze, hamwe namazi amwe aboshye yarekuwe no gukomera kwa colloid, kandi guhumeka byihuta. Niba ikirere kidasanzwe cyangwa kugenzura ibihimbano bidakabije, umuvuduko wo guhumeka amazi meza yamababi mugihe cyumye ntushobora kuba runaka. Gukoresha tekinoroji ni uburyo bwo kugenzura uburyo bwo guhumeka neza kwamababi meza.

Amazi menshi mumababi yumye ahumuka binyuze muri stomata inyuma yamababi, mugihe igice cyamazi kiguruka binyuze muri epidermis yamababi. Kubwibyo, igipimo cyuka cyamazi meza yamababi ntabwo giterwa gusa nuburyo bwo hanze, ahubwo binaterwa nimiterere yamababi ubwayo. Urwego rwa keratinisation yamababi ashaje ni menshi, bigatuma bigora amazi gutemba, mugihe urugero rwa keratinisation yamababi akiri mato ari make, bigatuma amazi yoroshye.
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bubyerekana, hejuru ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’amazi ari mu bibabi bikiri mu kirere bicika mu gice cya cicicle kidateye imbere, bityo amababi ashaje atakaza amazi ku buryo bwihuse kandi amababi akabura amazi ku buryo bwihuse. Uruti rurimo amazi menshi kurenza amababi, ariko guhumeka kwamazi ava muruti biratinda kandi bimwe muribi bigahumeka binyuze mu gutwara amababi.

Mugihe ubuhehere bwamababi yumye bugabanuka, selile yamababi itakaza uko yabyimbye, ubwinshi bwamababi bworoha, kandi amababi agabanuka. Amababi akiri mato, niko kugabanuka kwamababi. Dukurikije imibare ya Manskaya (Imbonerahamwe 8-1), nyuma yo kumara amasaha 12, ikibabi cya mbere kigabanukaho 68%, ikibabi cya kabiri kigabanukaho 58%, naho ikibabi cya gatatu kigabanuka 28%. Ibi bifitanye isano nuburyo butandukanye bwimikorere ya selile yamababi afite impamyabumenyi zitandukanye. Niba gukama bikomeje, ibirimo byamazi bigabanuka kurwego runaka, kandi ubwiza bwibabi burahinduka kuva byoroshye bikoroha kandi byoroshye, cyane cyane inama nuruhande rwibiti n'amababi biba bikomeye kandi byoroshye.

Itandukaniro ryo gutakaza amazi hagati yamababi namababi biganisha ku gukama kutaringaniye. Hariho ibihe bibiri: kimwe giterwa no gutoranya nabi amababi mashya, bikavamo itandukaniro ryubwuzu hagati yamababi namababi, bikaba bidafasha kuzamura ubwiza bwicyayi. Ingamba zo gutondeka amababi mashya zirashobora gufatwa kugirango tuneshe ibi. Icya kabiri, nubwo ubwuzu ari bumwe, hashobora kubaho itandukaniro hagati yibice bitandukanye byamababi, amababi, nibiti. Muri make, urwego rwo kubura umwuma ni isano, kandi kutaringaniza ni byimazeyo.

Imihindagurikire yubushyuhe bwamababi yumye nikimenyetso cyo gutakaza amazi guterwa nuruhererekane rwaicyayi cyumyeibintu bya tekiniki nkubushyuhe, ikibabi gikwirakwiza umubyimba, igihe, no kuzenguruka ikirere.

2. Imiterere yumye

Ingamba zose za tekiniki zafashwe mugihe cyumye zigamije kugera kumahinduka amwe kandi aringaniye kumubiri no mumiti mumababi yumye kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa kugirango fermentation. Imiterere yo hanze igira ingaruka kumiterere yamababi yumye ni ubwambere guhumeka kwamazi, hanyuma ingaruka zubushyuhe, hanyuma uburebure bwigihe. Muri byo, ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yamababi yumye.

a.Imyuka y'amazi

Intambwe yambere yo gukama ni uguhumeka amazi, kandi guhinduka kwamazi bifitanye isano rya bugufi nubushyuhe bwikirere. Ubushyuhe buke bwo mu kirere buganisha ku guhumuka vuba kw’amazi ava mu mababi yumye; Niba ubuhehere bwo mu kirere buri hejuru, guhumeka neza bizatinda. Ingaruka zo guhumeka kwamazi yatembye nugukora urwego rwuzuye rwumuyaga wamazi hejuru yamababi.

Niba ubuhehere bwo mu kirere buri hasi, ni ukuvuga ko hari imyuka myinshi y’amazi ishobora kuba mu kirere, kandi imyuka y’amazi ku mababi irashobora gukwirakwira vuba mu kirere, ntihazabaho uburyo bwo kuzura umwuka ku bibabi, na impinduka zifatika zamababi yumye azakomeza byihuse. Birumvikana ko kuzura imyuka y'amazi mu kirere bifitanye isano rya bugufi n'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere. Ubushyuhe buri hejuru, niko umwuka uhumeka umwuka uhumeka, bikagorana gukora umwuka wuzuye wumuyaga hejuru yamababi.
Kubwibyo, hamwe numwuka wamazi angana mukirere, niba ubushyuhe buri hejuru, ubushuhe bugereranije buzaba buke; Iyo ubushyuhe buri hasi, ugereranije nubushuhe buri hejuru. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru rero bizihutisha guhumeka kwamazi.

Guhumeka ni ikintu cyingenzi kugirango byume bisanzwe. Niba urugereko rwumye rufunze kandi ntiruhumeke, mugihe cyambere cyo gushyushya byumye, ubushyuhe buke ugereranije nikirere bwihutisha guhumeka kwamazi mumababi yumye. Mugihe igihe cyumye cyiyongera, ubwinshi bwumwuka wumwuka mwikirere uriyongera, ubuhehere bugereranije burazamuka, guhumeka no gutemba kwamazi bigenda bigera kuburinganire, ubushyuhe bwibabi bwiyongera ugereranije, ubwikorezi bwibibabi byumye byiyongera, ibikorwa bya enzymes irakomera, impinduka za chimique zirihuta, hamwe no kwangirika kwa okiside hamwe na okiside yibintu bihinduka kuva gahoro gahoro, bigatera ihinduka ryimiti yumye kugirango ikure munzira mbi, kandi mubihe bikomeye, amabara atukura yamababi yumye arashobora kubaho.

Mu nzuicyayi cyumye, cyane cyane gushyushya byumye, bigomba guherekezwa numubare runaka uhumeka. Umwuka utemba uhuha mu kibabi cyumye, gitwara imyuka y'amazi hejuru y’ibabi, bigatuma habaho ubushuhe buke bukikije amababi, bikarushaho kwihuta kwuka kw’ibabi ry’ibabi. Guhumeka kw'amazi ava mu mababi yumye bisaba kwinjiza ubushyuhe runaka, butinda kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe bw'amababi. Nini nini yumwuka mwinshi, niko kwihuta kwamazi kwamazi, niko kuzamuka kwubushyuhe bwamababi, kandi buhoro buhoro imiti ihinduka mumababi yumye.

Mu rwego rwo kunesha ingaruka z’ikirere gisanzwe cyumye, ibikoresho byumye byifashishwa cyane mu musaruro, nk'imashini zuma, ibigega byuma, n'ibindi, byose bifite ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi ashyushye kandi bishobora guhindura ubushyuhe n’ubunini bw’ikirere. Ubwinshi bwumwuka wikibabi cyumye muri rusange bishingiye ku ihame ryo kudahina “ibyobo” mu kibabi cyanyanyagiye.

Bitabaye ibyo, umwuka uzibanda mu “mwobo” uri mu kibabi, bigatuma umuvuduko w’umuyaga wiyongera kandi ukwirakwiza amababi n'amababi bikikije uburiri bwumye. Ingano yumwuka ifitanye isano rya bugufi nu mwuka woguhumeka. Niba umwuka winjira mubyuma ari byiza, ingano yumwuka irashobora kuba nini, naho ubundi, igomba kuba nto. Niba amababi mashya afite ubwuzu, amababi n'amababi ni bito, igiti cy'amababi kiroroshye, kandi guhumeka ni bibi; Guhumeka kwamababi mugihe cyanyuma cyo gukama nabyo bizagabanuka, kandi umwuka wumwuka ugomba kuba muto. Ingano yumwuka ni nto, kandi ubushyuhe bugomba kugabanuka bikurikije. Ihame ryo gukama ni ukubanza kongera ubwinshi bwumwuka hanyuma ukabigabanya, no kubanza kongera ubushyuhe hanyuma bikagabanuka. Kubwibyo, haribisabwa bimwe mubyimbye byicyuma cyumye, muri rusange ntigomba kurenza cm 15-20. Muri icyo gihe, kugira ngo ugere ku byuma bimwe byumye mu gice cyo hejuru no hepfo y’igiti cy’ibabi, kuvanga intoki nabyo birakenewe mugihe cyumye.

b.Ubushyuhe bukabije

Ubushyuhe nicyo kintu nyamukuru cyo gukama. Mugihe cyumye, impinduka za fiziki-chimique yamababi mashya zifitanye isano rya hafi nubushyuhe. Hamwe n'ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bw'amababi buzamuka vuba, guhumeka kw'amazi kwiyongera, igihe cyumye kigabanuka, kandi inzira yo guhindura umubiri na shimi irihuta. Niba ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, bizatera imbaraga zo guhindura imiti mubibabi byumye. Niyo mpamvu, ni byiza kugenzura ubushyuhe bwumuyaga uri munsi ya 35 ℃ mugihe cyumye, byaba byiza 30-32 ℃, cyane cyane kumababi mashya yubwoko bunini bwamababi, kuko ubushyuhe bwibabi bwinshi bushobora gutera inama zumye kandi zaka.

Ubushyuhe bwumye bugira ingaruka kumihindagurikire yimikorere yimisemburo ya endogenous mumababi yumye, ari nako bigira ingaruka ku gipimo cyimiti yibintu birimo. Usibye aside fatizo, ibindi bikoresho bifite itandukaniro rito hagati ya 23-33 ℃. Iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse hejuru ya 33 ℃, ibigize ibice nyamukuru bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro hamwe no kwiyongera kwubushyuhe, ibyo bikaba bidahuye nubwiza bwamababi yumye.

Ubushyuhe nubunini bwikirere bifitanye isano rya bugufi nimpinduka zumubiri nubumara byumye, hamwe nisano nini hagati yubushyuhe n’imihindagurikire y’imiti, hamwe n’isano nini hagati y’ikirere n’imihindagurikire y’umubiri. Muguhindura ubushyuhe nubunini bwikirere, umuvuduko witerambere ryimihindagurikire yumubiri mubibabi byumye birashobora kugenzurwa. Nibyiza gukurikiza ihame ryimikorere ryo "kongera ubwinshi bwumwuka hanyuma ukagabanuka" no "kongera ubushyuhe mbere hanyuma ukagabanuka". Kumenya igihe runaka birashobora kugera kurwego rwifuzwa.

3. Igihe cyumye

Ingaruka yigihe cyumye kumihindagurikire yumubiri yamababi yumye iratandukanye bitewe nuburyo butandukanye nkubushyuhe nibibabi bikwirakwiza umubyimba. Muri icyo gihe kimwe, igipimo cyo kugabanya ibiro byamababi yumye kiratandukana nubushyuhe butandukanye, kandi ingaruka kumihindagurikire yimiti nubuziranenge nabyo biratandukanye.