Ibyo bita gukata bivuga gukoresha imbaraga za mashini zo gukata, gukanda, kogosha, cyangwa kuzinga amababi yumye muburyo bukenewe kugirango icyayi cyirabura cya Gongfu, cyangwa gukata no kubicamo ibice bikenewe kugirango icyayi gitukura kimenetse. Amababi mashya arakomeye kandi yoroheje kubera imiterere yumubiri, kandi biragoye kuyashiraho muburyo bwo kuzunguruka atumye. Inzira yo kuzunguruka (gukata) nigisubizo cyingufu zumukanishi, kandi niba zitagenzuwe neza, ntishobora gukora amababi yumye mumiterere. Hano haribisobanuro bigufi byerekana ingaruka zo kuzunguruka kumiterere nubwiza bwicyayi cyirabura.

Ubwiza bwo kuzunguruka mbere biterwa nuburyo bwimiterere yamababi, harimo ubworoherane, ubukana, plastike, ibishishwa, nibindi. ; Icya kabiri, birasabwa ko amababi yumye afite ubukana bwiza kandi ashobora guhinduka mukibazo atiriwe ameneka; Icya gatatu gisabwa ni uko amababi yumye afite plastike nziza kandi ntasubizwe muburyo bwa mbere nyuma yo guhindurwa mukibazo. Byongeye kandi, niba amababi yazinze afite ububobere bwiza, arashobora kongera plastike.

Kuzunguruka hamwe nibintu bifatika byamababi

Hariho isano ya curvilinear hagati yubushuhe bwibibabi byumye nibintu bifatika. Amababi mashya afite ubuhehere bwinshi, butera kubyimba ingirabuzimafatizo, kuvunika no gukomera kwamababi, hamwe nibintu bibi byumubiri nko koroshya, gukomera, plastike, hamwe nubwiza. Iyo umwuka wamazi meza ugabanuka mugihe cyumye, iyi miterere yumubiri igenda iba nziza.

Iyo ubuhehere bwamababi yumye bugabanutse kugera kuri 50%, ibintu bifatika byamababi nibyiza. Niba ubuhehere bwibibabi byumye bikomeje kugabanuka, imiterere yibibabi nayo izagabanuka uko bikwiye. Ariko rero, kubera uburyo butaringaniye bwo kubura amazi yibibabi mugihe cyumye, uruti rufite amazi menshi kurenza amababi, mugihe inama yibibabi nimpande bifite amazi make ugereranije nibibabi.

Kubwibyo, mubikorwa nyabyo, kumenya neza ibipimo byubushuhe bwibibabi byumye birenze 50%, kandi muri rusange hafi 60% birakwiye. Kubwibyo, inzira yo gukama izwi kwizina rya "gukama kwamababi ashaje", aho "ubwuzu" bivuga kugenzura ubuhehere bwibibabi byamababi ashaje kuba hejuru gato ugereranije nibibabi byoroshye mugihe cyumye, kugirango byoroherezwe no kubumba.

Hariho kandi isano runaka hagati yubushyuhe bwibabi mugihe cyo kuzunguruka hamwe nibintu bifatika byamababi. Iyo ubushyuhe bwibabi buri hejuru, imiterere ya molekuline yibintu imbere iraruhuka, kandi ubworoherane, ubukana, hamwe na plastike yamababi byiyongera. Cyane cyane kubibabi bishaje, bifite ibintu byinshi bya selile hamwe nubwitonzi buke hamwe na plastike, ubushyuhe bwibabi buri hejuru mugihe cyo kuzunguruka, bigira ingaruka zikomeye mukuzamura imiterere yibibabi bishaje.

Inzira yo kuzinga amababi kumurongo

Kunyunyuza no kugoreka amababi yibibabi bigenda kimwe muburyo buzengurutse uruziga. Munsi yibikorwa byahujwe nindobo yo gukata, gukanda igifuniko, gukata disiki, imbavu, hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi zicyerekezo cyibibabi ubwacyo, ibibabi biri imbere yibibabi byikubye impande zose, bigatuma babisiga kandi bakabikata hamwe. imitsi nyamukuru mumirongo ifatanye, izengurutse, kandi yoroshye. Muri icyo gihe, ingirangingo z'amababi zirakubitwa kandi zirajanjagurwa, byongera ubworoherane na plastike y'amababi. Icyarimwe kanda hanyuma uvange umutobe wicyayi kugirango wongere amababi. Ibi byose byashizeho uburyo bwiza bwo gukora amababi kumurongo. Uko iminkanyari nishusho kuri buri kibabi, birashoboka cyane ko bizunguruka mumigozi ifatanye.

Mu cyiciro cya mbere cyaicyayi cyirabura, ibibabi byamababi bigomba kubona igitutu, ariko igitutu ntigikwiye kuba kinini. Bitewe n'umuvuduko ukabije, amababi arazinga munsi yumuvuduko umwe umwe, kandi amababi afite ubukana bukabije akunda kumeneka mubice. Biragoye cyane gutumbagira amababi yiziritse cyangwa yamenetse mubice. Kubwibyo, mugihe cyambere cyo kuzunguruka, ni ngombwa kumenya umuvuduko wumucyo. Mugihe inzira yo kuzunguruka igenda itera imbere, iminkanyari hamwe nibishusho byamababi yazunguye bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, ubworoherane, plastike, hamwe nubwiza bwiyongera, kandi ijwi rigabanuka. Kuri ubu, buhoro buhoro byongera umuvuduko, kuruhande rumwe, bitera iminkanyari nishusho byinshi kumababi, bigakora imirongo miremire; Ku rundi ruhande, kongera ubushyamirane hagati yamababi bivamo imbaraga zitandukanye zo guterana zikora ku bice bitandukanye byamababi n'umuvuduko utandukanye wo kugenda, biganisha ku kubyara umuriro. Nkigisubizo, umurongo wijimye ugenda uhindagurika buhoro buhoro unyuze mubikorwa bya torque.

Bitewe n'ubworoherane hamwe n'ubukonje bwinshi bw'amababi meza, ntibishobora gukenera kunyura munzira nyinshi kugirango bibe iminkanyari kandi birashobora guhindurwamo mu buryo butaziguye. Umugozi ukomera, niko ubwinshi bwijimye, niko guterana amagambo, hamwe n’umuriro mwinshi. Niba igitutu gikomeje gukata no kugoreka, imigozi yamababi irashobora guhonyorwa no kwikuramo. Kuri iyi ngingo, kuzunguruka no kugoreka bigomba guhagarikwa, kandi amababi aboshye cyane agomba gutandukana hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutandukana no gushungura. Ku mababi ashaje afite imigozi yoroheje kandi irekuye, hashobora gukorwa icyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuzunguruka no kugoreka, hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi wo kumenyera amababi ashaje cyane, bikarushaho gukora iminkanyari, guhindagurika, no guhindukirira imirongo ifatanye.

Mugihe cyo kuzunguruka, ibibabi bifite ubworoherane nubukonje bwinshi bikunda gufatana hamwe buhoro buhoro bigahinduka uduce, bigenda bikomera kandi bigakomera mukibazo. Utwo dusimba ntabwo duhumeka byoroshye mugihe cyo kumisha, kandi bikunda guhinduka no kwangirika mugihe cyo kubika, bigira ingaruka kumiterere yicyayi cyose. Niba ibibyimba byongeye gushonga mugihe cyo kumisha, bizatuma imigozi ikomye cyane ihinduka ikinini kandi irekuye cyangwa idahinduka, igira ingaruka kumababi yicyayi. Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo kuzunguruka no kugoreka, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zumuvuduko nigitutu cyoroshye, ni ukuvuga, nyuma yiminota mike yumuvuduko, niba ibibyimba bishobora kuvuka, igitutu kigomba kuvaho mugihe gikwiye kugirango gishongeshe ibibyimba bidakabije. munsi yingaruka zo kuzunguruka indobo. Nyuma yiminota mike yumuvuduko ukabije, niba ingamba zumuvuduko ukabije zidashobora gushonga burundu ibibyimba, rimwe na rimwe birakenewe guhuza ibizamini hamwe no kuzunguruka mugihe runaka kugirango ushonga ibibyimba.

Ibisabwa bya tekinike yo kuzunguruka no kugoreka

Ihinduka ryimigozi yibibabi bigoramye nigisubizo cyibikorwa bihujwe nigitutu nimbaraga zo guterana. Imbaraga zo guterana zitera amababi kuzunguruka mu mitsi nyamukuru mu buryo bwa elliptique spiral spiral, mugihe igitutu gishobora kongera imbaraga zo guterana no kwihutisha inzira yo gukomera amababi kumurongo. Ubwinshi bwumuvuduko, igihe nigihe cyo gukoresha imbaraga, hamwe ninshuro yo gusaba byose bifitanye isano kandi biruzuzanya, kandi bigomba kugenwa hashingiwe kumiterere, ubwinshi, hamwe nimashini izunguruka yamababi.

1. Ikoranabuhanga ryingutu

Imikazo irashobora gutandukana muburemere. Muri rusange, igitutu kiremereye kandi insinga zirahambiriwe; Umuvuduko uroroshye, kandi imigozi irabyimbye kandi irekuye. Ariko igitutu ni kinini, kandi amababi araringaniye kandi ntazengurutse, hamwe nibice byinshi byacitse; Umuvuduko ni muto cyane, amababi arabyimbye kandi arekuye, ndetse ntashobora kugera ku ntego yo gukata. Amababi afite ubwuzu, kandi ingano yamababi agomba kuba make. Umuvuduko ugomba kuba woroshye; Amababi arashaje, bityo igitutu kigomba kuba kiremereye.

Haba munsi yumucyo cyangwa uburemere bukabije, bifitanye isano nigihe cyo gukoresha igitutu. Igihe cyumuvuduko ni kirekire cyane, kandi amababi aringaniye kandi aravunika; Igihe cyo gukanda ni kigufi cyane, kandi amababi ararekuye kandi afite umubyimba. Igihe cyumuvuduko wamababi meza ni mugufi, mugihe igihe cyumuvuduko wamababi ashaje ni kirekire; Amababi make atera igihe gito cyo gukanda, mugihe amababi menshi bivamo igihe kirekire.

Ikiringo c'igitutu gifitanye isano mubi n'umubare w'ingutu. Inzinguzingo nyinshi zingutu nigihe gito; Umuvuduko ukoreshwa gake kandi mugihe kirekire. Inshuro igitutu gikoreshwa kijyanye nubwiza nubwinshi bwamababi. Niba ubwiza bwibabi ari buke kandi ubwinshi ni buto, umubare wibihe byingutu ni muto, kandi igihe cya buri gitutu ni kirekire; Amababi arashaje mubwiza kandi ni menshi mubwinshi, hamwe nigihe kinini cyumuvuduko nigihe gito buri gihe. Umubare wikizunguruka ugomba kuba byibuze inshuro ebyiri kumucyo nuburemere, kandi byibuze inshuro eshanu kumucyo, uremereye, ugereranije uburemere, uburemere, numucyo.

Hariho itandukaniro mugihe cyumuvuduko hagati ya kare na nyuma. Kotsa igitutu hakiri kare bivamo amababi yoroshye kandi adazengurutse; Byatinze cyane, amababi ararekuye ariko ntagufi. Amababi ni menshi kandi arashobora gukandamizwa nyuma; Amababi arashaje ariko mubwinshi, nibyiza gushira igitutu hakiri kare. Muri make, ubukana, igihe, ninshuro zokoresha igitutu, kimwe nigihe cyo gusaba igitutu, bigomba gutandukana bitewe nubwiza bwibabi nigihe cyo kuzunguruka. Muri make, igitutu kumababi meza ni cyoroshye, gake, kiramba, kandi kiratinda; Lao Yego biratandukanye.

2. Ingaruka zaimashini izunguruka icyayi

Umuvuduko wimashini izunguruka igomba gukurikiza ihame ryihuta kandi ryihuta. Banza gahoro gahoro, kugirango udahunika kandi ujanjagura amababi, cyangwa ngo utange ubushyuhe bitewe no gukwega cyangwa guterana, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwibabi buzamuka vuba. Nyuma yaho, haribishoboka cyane ko icyuma gikonjesha muburyo bwa spiral, gishobora gutuma icyuma gikomera. Ndetse gahoro gahoro, irashobora kurekura amababi yatobotse hanyuma igakomeza gukata amababi arekuye mo uruziga kandi rugororotse. Imiterere yamagufa yisahani yo gukata ifitanye isano rya bugufi no gukata ibice. Urubavu ruto kandi rugari rugoramye rukwiranye no guteka amababi meza kandi meza, mugihe amababi manini kandi ashaje ntabwo byoroshye guhinduka imirongo iyo ikozwe; Amagufwa ya mfuruka ni maremare kandi magufi, akwiriye gukata amababi ashaje kandi mashya, mugihe gukata amababi meza byoroshye kumenagura. Nibyiza kugira igikoresho cyimukanwa cyo gukata imbavu yimashini izunguruka kugirango ihuze nibisabwa bitandukanye byubwiza bwibabi.

Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumuzingo no kugoreka

1. Ubushyuhe n'ubukonje

Kuzunguruka birakwiriye kubidukikije bifite ubushyuhe buciriritse nubushyuhe bwinshi. Ubushyuhe bwicyumba ntibugomba kurenza 25 and, nubushuhe bugereranije bugomba kuba hejuru ya 95%. Bitewe nubushyuhe buterwa no kuzunguruka no guterana, kimwe na okiside yibigize imbere mumababi, ubushyuhe bwamababi yazengurutse muri rusange ni 3-9 ℃ hejuru yubushyuhe bwicyumba. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwibabi bwongerera imbaraga okiside ya enzymatique yibintu bya polifenolike, bigatuma habaho kwiyongera kwimiterere yibintu byinshi bya polymerisime, bigabanya ubukana nubutuku bwisupu yicyayi, bigabanya uburyohe, kandi byijimye munsi yamababi. Mu gihe cyizuba ryinshi, hafatwa ingamba nkibinyobwa byubutaka hamwe na spray yo murugo birashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwamahugurwa azunguruka no kongera ubushuhe bwumwuka.

2. Amafaranga yo kugaburira amababi

Ingano yo guteka igomba kuba ikwiye. Niba amababi menshi aremerewe, amababi ntabwo yoroshye guhinduka kandi ashobora gukora imirongo iringaniye, nayo ikabuza ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza amababi kandi bigatuma ubushyuhe bwibabi buzamuka vuba, bikagira ingaruka kumiterere yicyayi cyirabura. Ibinyuranye, niba umubare wamababi wongeyeho ari muto cyane, ntabwo umusaruro wumusaruro uzaba muke gusa, ahubwo amababi yazunguye nayo azahagarara mumasahani yo guteka, bikaviramo guhindagurika nabi no kudashobora kugera kubintu byiza.

3. Igihe cyo kuzunguruka

Intangiriro yaamababi y'icyayi azungurukani intangiriro yicyayi cyirabura. Niba igihe cyo kuzunguruka ari kirekire cyane, reaction ya okiside ya enzymatique yibintu bya polifenolike bizagenda byiyongera, igipimo cyo kugumana imiti ya polifenolike kizaba gito, kandi ibirimo theaflavine na thearubigine bizaba bike, bikavamo uburyohe buke no kubura ibara ritukura mu isupu n'amababi. Niba igihe cyo kuzunguruka ari kigufi cyane, icya mbere, amababi biragoye kubumbabumbwa, naho icya kabiri, igipimo cyo kwangirika kwingirangingo zamababi nticyinshi, bikavamo urugero rwa fermentation idahagije, biganisha kumpumuro yicyatsi kibisi nicyayi cyumukara , no hepfo yamababi ahinduka umukara. Kugirango ugere ku cyayi cyiza cyumukara, amababi azengurutswe mubisanzwe agomba guhindurwamo ukundi mucyumba cya fermentation kumasaha 1-2. Kubwibyo, mugihe byemeza umusaruro wicyayi cyumukara, igihe cyo gusembura mugihe cyo kuzunguruka kigomba kugabanywa bishoboka.