Nepal, izina ryuzuye riharanira repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Nepal, umurwa mukuru uherereye i Kathmandu, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Aziya yepfo, mu misozi y’amajyepfo ya Himalaya, cyegeranye n’Ubushinwa mu majyaruguru, ahasigaye impande eshatu n’umupaka w’Ubuhinde.

Nepal ni igihugu cy’amoko menshi, amadini menshi, amazina menshi, igihugu kivuga indimi nyinshi. Nepali ni ururimi rwigihugu, naho icyongereza gikoreshwa nicyiciro cyo hejuru. Nepal ituwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 29. 81% by'Abanyanepale ni Abahindu, 10% by'Ababuda, 5% b'Abisilamu na 4% Abakirisitu (isoko: Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iterambere ry’icyayi n’ikawa). Ifaranga risanzwe rya Nepal ni Nepali Rupee, 1 Nepali Rupee≈0.05.

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Ikiyaga cya Pokhara 'afwa, Nepal

Ikirere cya Nepal ahanini ni ibihe bibiri gusa, kuva mu Kwakira kugeza Werurwe Werurwe umwaka utaha ni igihe cyizuba (imbeho), imvura ni mike cyane, itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hagati ya mugitondo na nimugoroba ni rinini, hafi 10℃mugitondo, izazamuka igera kuri 25℃saa sita; Igihe cy'imvura (icyi) kigwa kuva muri Mata kugeza muri Nzeri. Mata na Gicurasi biroroshye cyane, hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru akenshi bugera kuri 36℃. Kuva muri Gicurasi, imvura yabaye myinshi, akenshi ibiza bikuzura.

Nepal ni igihugu cy’ubuhinzi gifite ubukungu bwasubiye inyuma kandi ni kimwe mu bihugu bidateye imbere ku isi. Kuva mu ntangiriro ya za 90, politiki y’ubukungu yisanzuye, ishingiye ku isoko nta ngaruka nini yagize kubera ihungabana rya politiki n’ibikorwa remezo bibi. Yishingikirije cyane ku nkunga z’amahanga, hamwe na kimwe cya kane cy’ingengo y’imari iva mu mpano n’inguzanyo z’amahanga.

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Ubusitani bw'icyayi muri Nepal, hamwe n'amafi yo hejuru

Ubushinwa na Nepal ni abaturanyi b'inshuti bafite amateka y’imyaka isaga 1.000 yo kungurana ubucuti hagati y’ibihugu byombi. Umubikira w'Ababuda Fa Xian wo ku ngoma ya Jin na Xuanzang wo ku ngoma ya Tang basuye Lumbini, ahavukiye Buda (iherereye mu majyepfo ya Nepal). Ku ngoma ya Tang, Umuganwakazi mwezi Chuzhen wa Ni yashakanye na Songtsan Gambo wo muri Tibet. Ku ngoma ya Yuan, Arniko, umunyabukorikori uzwi cyane wo muri Nepali, yaje mu Bushinwa gukurikirana iyubakwa ry’urusengero rwa White Pagoda i Beijing. Kuva hashyirwaho umubano w’ububanyi n’amahanga ku ya 1 Kanama 1955, Ubucuti n’ubufatanye gakondo hagati y’Ubushinwa na Nepal byateye imbere bikomeje no kungurana ibitekerezo ku rwego rwo hejuru. Nepal yamye iha Ubushinwa inkunga ihamye kubibazo bijyanye na Tibet na Tayiwani. Ubushinwa bwatanze ubufasha mu bushobozi bw’iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho ya Nepal kandi ibihugu byombi byakomeje itumanaho n’ubufatanye mu bibazo mpuzamahanga ndetse n’akarere.

Amateka y'icyayi muri Nepal

Amateka y'icyayi muri Nepal yatangiye mu 1840. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bw'inkomoko y'igiti cy'icyayi cyo muri Nepal, ariko abahanga mu by'amateka benshi bemeza ko ibiti by'icyayi bya mbere byatewe muri Nepal byari impano y'Umwami w'Ubushinwa yahaye Minisitiri w’intebe icyo gihe Chung Bahadur Rana mu 1842.

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Bahadur Rana (18 Kamena 1817 - 25 Gashyantare 1877) yari Minisitiri w’intebe wa Nepal (1846 - 1877). Niwe washinze umuryango wa Rana ku ngoma ya Shah

Mu myaka ya 1860, Colonel Gajaraj Singh Thapa, umuyobozi mukuru w'akarere ka Elam, yatangije ubuhinzi bw'icyayi mu karere ka Elam.

Mu 1863, hashyizweho igihingwa cyicyayi cya elam.

Mu 1878, uruganda rwa mbere rwicyayi rwashinzwe muri Elam.

Mu 1966, leta ya Nepal yashinze ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere icyayi cya Nepal.

Mu 1982, icyo gihe Umwami wa Nepal Birendra Bir Bikram Shah yatangaje ko uturere dutanu twa Jhapa Jappa, Ilam Iram, Panchthar Panchetta, Terhathum Drathum na Dhankuta Dankuta mu karere k’iterambere ry’iburasirazuba ko ari “Akarere k'icyayi cya Nepal”.

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Birendra Bir Bickram Shah Dev (28 Ukuboza 1945 - 1 Kamena 2001) yari umwami wa cumi w'ingoma ya Shah ya Nepal (1972 - 2001, yambitswe ikamba mu 1975).

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Uturere twaranzwe nicyayi ni uturere dutanu twicyayi muri Nepal

Agace gahinga icyayi mu burasirazuba bwa Nepal gahana imbibi n’akarere ka Darjeeling mu Buhinde kandi gafite ikirere gisa n’akarere gakura icyayi cya darjeeling. Icyayi kiva muri kano karere gifatwa nkumuvandimwe wa hafi wicyayi cya Darjeeling, haba muburyohe n'impumuro nziza.

Mu 1993, Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iterambere ry’icyayi n’ikawa cya Nepal cyashinzwe nkurwego rushinzwe kugenzura icyayi cya guverinoma ya Nepal.

Ibihe byinganda zicyayi muri Nepal

Igihingwa cy'icyayi muri Nepal gifite ubuso bungana na hegitari 16.718, buri mwaka umusaruro ugera kuri miliyoni 16.29 kg, bingana na 0.4% gusa by’umusaruro w’icyayi ku isi.

Muri iki gihe Nepal ifite abahinzi b’icyayi bagera kuri 142 biyandikishije, inganda nini 41 zitunganya icyayi, inganda 32 z’icyayi, amakoperative agera kuri 85 y’icyayi hamwe n’abahinzi b’icyayi 14.898.

Kuri buri muntu kunywa icyayi muri Nepal ni garama 350, aho abantu basanzwe banywa ibikombe 2.42 kumunsi.

Nepal Icyayi

Icyayi cya Nepal cyoherezwa cyane cyane mu Buhinde (90%), Ubudage (2.8%), Repubulika ya Ceki (1,1%), Kazakisitani (0.8%), Amerika (0.4%), Kanada (0.3%), Ubufaransa (0.3%), Ubushinwa, Ubwongereza, Otirishiya, Noruveje, Ositaraliya, Danemarke, Ubuholandi.

Ku ya 8 Mutarama 2018, ku bufatanye bw’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere icyayi n’ikawa muri Nepal, Minisiteri y’iterambere ry’ubuhinzi muri Nepal, Ishyirahamwe ry’abatunganya icyayi cya Himalaya n’indi miryango ibishinzwe, Nepal yatangije ikirango gishya cy’icyayi, kizacapwa kumupaki yicyayi yukuri yo kumenyekanisha icyayi cya Nepali kumasoko mpuzamahanga. Igishushanyo cya LOGO nshya igizwe n'ibice bibiri: Everest ninyandiko. Ni ubwambere Nepal ikoresha ikirango kimwe LOGO kuva icyayi cyatewe mu myaka irenga 150 ishize. Nintangiriro yingenzi kuri Nepal gushiraho umwanya waryo kumasoko yicyayi.