Mugihe umurima wicyayi uhinga imyaka nubuso bwo gutera,imashini yubusitani bwicyayikugira uruhare runini mugutera icyayi. Ikibazo cya acide yubutaka mu busitani bwicyayi cyahindutse ahantu h’ubushakashatsi mu bijyanye n’ubuziranenge bw’ibidukikije. Ubutaka pH ikwiranye no gukura kwibiti byicyayi ni 4.0 ~ 6.5. Ibidukikije biri hasi ya pH bizabuza gukura no guhinduranya ibiti byicyayi, bigira ingaruka ku burumbuke bwubutaka, kugabanya umusaruro wicyayi nubwiza, kandi bibangamira cyane ibidukikije kamere niterambere rirambye ryubusitani bwicyayi. Kumenyekanisha uburyo bwo kugarura ubusitani bwicyayi mubice bikurikira

1Iterambere ryimiti

Iyo ubutaka pH butarenze 4, birasabwa gutekereza gukoresha ingamba za chimique mugutezimbere ubutaka. Kugeza ubu, ifu ya dolomite ikoreshwa cyane mu kongera ubutaka pH. Ifu ya Dolomite igizwe ahanini na calcium ya karubone na karubone ya magnesium. Nyuma yo gukoresha aimashini ihingakurekura ubutaka, kuminjagira ifu yamabuye neza. Nyuma yo gukoreshwa mubutaka, ion ya karubone ikora imiti hamwe na ion ya acide, bigatuma aside irike ikoreshwa nubutaka pH bwiyongera. Byongeye kandi, ion nyinshi za calcium na magnesium ion zirashobora kongera ubushobozi bwo guhanahana ubutaka kandi bikagabanya cyane ibinyabuzima bya aluminiyumu ihinduranya. Iyo ingano yo gukoresha ifu ya dolomite irenze kg 1500 / hm², ikibazo cya acide yubutaka mu busitani bwicyayi kiba cyiza cyane.

2Iterambere ryibinyabuzima

Biochar izaboneka mukumisha ibiti byicyayi byateguwe na aimashini ikata icyayino kubitwika no kubimena mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Nkubutaka budasanzwe, biochar ifite amatsinda menshi arimo ogisijeni ikora hejuru yayo, ahanini ni alkaline. Irashobora guteza imbere acide na alkaline yubutaka bwimirima, ikongerera ubushobozi bwo guhanahana cation, kugabanya ibirimo aside ihinduranya, kandi ikongera ubushobozi bwubutaka bwo kugumana amazi nifumbire. Biochar ikungahaye kandi ku myunyu ngugu, ishobora guteza imbere intungamubiri z'ubutaka ku magare no gukura kw'ibimera no gutera imbere, kandi bigahindura imiterere y'abaturage ba mikorobe. Gukoresha 30 t / hm² ya bio-umukara wa karubone birashobora guteza imbere cyane aside aside yubutaka bwicyayi.

3 gutera imbere kama

Ifumbire mvaruganda itunganyirizwa mubintu kama, ikuraho ibintu byuburozi kandi ikagumana ibintu bitandukanye byingirakamaro. Gutezimbere ubutaka bwa acide burashobora gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda idafite aho ibogamiye cyangwa alkaline nkeya kugirango ikosore ibidukikije byubutaka bwa acide kandi ikomeze kurekura igihe kirekire uburumbuke mugihe itanga intungamubiri zitandukanye. Nyamara, intungamubiri zikubiye mu ifumbire mvaruganda ziragoye gukoreshwa neza n’ibimera. Iyo mikorobe imaze kubyara, gukura no guhinduranya, irashobora kurekura buhoro buhoro ibintu kama bishobora kwinjizwa n’ibimera, bityo bikazamura imiterere yumubiri nubumara byubutaka. Gukoresha organic-inorganic composite acide ihindura kubutaka bwa acide mu busitani bwicyayi birashobora kongera neza ubutaka pH nuburumbuke bwubutaka, byuzuza ion zitandukanye kandi byongera ubushobozi bwo guhuza ubutaka.

4 kunonosora

Ubwoko bumwebumwe bushya bwo gusana butangiye kwigaragaza mugusana ubutaka no kunoza. Ibinyabuzima bifite uruhare runini mu gutunganya intungamubiri z’ubutaka kandi bigira ingaruka ku miterere n’imiti y’ubutaka. Gukoresha mikorobe ziterwa nubutaka bwicyayi ukoresheje asprayerIrashobora guteza imbere ibikorwa bya mikorobe yubutaka, kongera ubwinshi bwa mikorobe yubutaka, no kuzamura cyane ibipimo bitandukanye byuburumbuke. Bacillus amyloide irashobora kuzamura ubwiza numusaruro wicyayi, kandi ingaruka nziza igerwaho mugihe umubare rusange wabakoloni ari 1.6 × 108 cfu / mL. Polimeri yo hejuru cyane kandi nubutaka bushya bwubutaka bwiza. Polimeri ya Macromolecular irashobora kongera umubare wubutaka bwa macroaggregates, kongera ububobere, no kunoza imiterere yubutaka. Gukoresha polyacrylamide kubutaka bwa acide birashobora kongera agaciro ka pH kubutaka kurwego runaka no kugenzura neza ubutaka.

5. Ifumbire ifatika

Gukoresha bidasobanutse ifumbire mvaruganda nimwe mumpamvu nyamukuru itera aside. Ifumbire mvaruganda irashobora guhindura byihuse intungamubiri zubutaka bwicyayi. Kurugero, ifumbire idahwitse irashobora gutuma habaho ubusumbane bwintungamubiri zubutaka bushobora kongera byoroshye imiterere yubutaka. By'umwihariko, igihe kirekire cyo gukoresha ifumbire ya aside, ifumbire ya aside ya physiologique cyangwa ifumbire ya azote bizatera aside aside. Kubwibyo, ukoresheje agukwirakwiza ifumbireirashobora gukwirakwiza ifumbire iringaniye. Ubusitani bwicyayi ntibukwiye gushimangira ikoreshwa ryonyine ryifumbire ya azote, ahubwo igomba kwitondera ikoreshwa rya azote, fosifore, potasiyumu nibindi bintu. Kugirango habeho kuringaniza intungamubiri zubutaka no gukumira aside yubutaka, ukurikije ibiranga ifumbire mvaruganda nibiranga ubutaka, nibyiza gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda yubutaka cyangwa kuvanga no gukoresha ifumbire myinshi.