Gutoranya icyayi cya mashini nubuhanga bushya bwo gufata icyayi numushinga uhoraho wubuhinzi. Nibigaragara neza mubuhinzi bugezweho. Guhinga icyayi no guhinga niwo musingi,imashini zikuramo icyayinurufunguzo, kandi imikorere no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ningwate yibanze yo kuzamura imikorere yubusitani bwicyayi.

Hano hari ingingo 5 zingenzi zo gutora icyayi cya mashini:

1. Tora mugihe gikwiye kugirango umenye icyayi gishya

Icyayi kirashobora kumera buri mwaka bine cyangwa bitanu. Kubijyanye no gutoranya intoki, buri gihe cyo gutora kimara iminsi 15-20. Imirima yicyayi cyangwa ingo zumwuga zifite imirimo idahagije akenshi usanga bahitamo cyane, bigabanya umusaruro nubwiza bwicyayi. Uwitekaimashini isarura icyayinihuta, igihe cyo gutoranya ni kigufi, umubare wabatoragura ni muto, kandi ucibwa inshuro nyinshi, kuburyo amababi yicyayi mashya afite ibiranga ibyangiritse bito, gushya neza, amababi make, hamwe namababi menshi adakomeye. , kwemeza ubwiza bwamababi yicyayi mashya.

2. Kunoza imikorere yo kongera amafaranga no kugabanya amafaranga asohoka

Gutoranya icyayi cya mashini birashobora guhuzwa no gutoranya ubwoko butandukanye bwamababi yicyayi, nkicyayi cyirabura, icyayi kibisi, nicyayi cyijimye. Mubihe bisanzwe ,.gusarura icyayiirashobora gutora hegitari 0.13 / h, ikubye inshuro 4-6 umuvuduko wo gufata icyayi cyintoki. Mu busitani bwicyayi hamwe nicyayi cyumye cya kg 3000 / ha, gutora icyayi cyumukanishi birashobora gukiza abakozi 915 / ha kuruta gutora icyayi. , bityo kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gufata icyayi no kuzamura inyungu zubukungu bwubusitani bwicyayi.

3. Kongera umusaruro wibice no kugabanya ubucukuzi bwabuze

Niba gutoranya icyayi cyubukanishi bigira ingaruka kumusaruro wicyayi nikibazo gihangayikishije abatekinisiye b'icyayi. Mugereranije na hegitari 133.3 yubusitani bwicyayi bwatoranijwe mumashini mumyaka ine hamwe na raporo yubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’icyayi cy’ishuri ry’ubumenyi ry’Ubushinwa, tuzi ko umusaruro w’icyayi w’icyayi rusange watoranijwe mu mashini ushobora kwiyongera hafi 15% , n'umusaruro wiyongera kumurima munini wimashini yatowe nubusitani bwicyayi bizaba byinshi kurushaho. Hejuru, mugihe gutoranya icyayi cya mashini birashobora gutsinda ikibazo cyo gutoranya.

4. Ibisabwa mubikorwa byo gutoranya icyayi cya mashini

Buri kimweImashini ebyiri zo gusarura icyayiigomba kuba ifite abantu 3-4. Ukuboko nyamukuru kuraba imashini kandi ikora inyuma; ikiganza cyabafasha kireba ikiganza nyamukuru. Hano hari inguni ya dogere 30 hagati yimashini itora icyayi nu iduka ryicyayi. Icyerekezo cyo gukata mugihe cyo gutoranya ni perpendicular yerekeza kumikurire yicyayi, kandi uburebure bwo gutema bugenzurwa ukurikije ibisabwa byo kugumana. Mubisanzwe, ubuso bwo gutoranya bwongerewe na cm 1 uhereye kumpera yanyuma. Buri murongo wicyayi utoragurwa inyuma cyangwa rimwe cyangwa kabiri. Uburebure bwo gutora burahoraho kandi hejuru yibumoso n'iburyo bwo gutoranya neza ni byiza kugirango wirinde hejuru yikamba kuba iremereye.