Tiyi wakuda ndi tiyi wothira mokwanira, ndipo kukonzedwa kwake kwachitika movutikira, zomwe zimatengera kapangidwe kake ka masamba atsopano ndi malamulo ake osinthika, akusintha molakwika momwe amachitira kuti apange mtundu wapadera, fungo, kukoma ndi mawonekedwe. mawonekedwe a tiyi wakuda. Tiyi wakuda nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a "supu wofiira ndi masamba ofiira".

Tiyi wakuda waku China amaphatikiza tiyi wakuda wa Souchong, tiyi wakuda wa Gongfu ndi tiyi wakuda wosweka. Tiyi wakuda wa Soochong ndiye tiyi wakale kwambiri wakuda. Amapangidwa koyambirira ku Phiri la Wuyi ndipo ndi amene adayambitsa tiyi wina wakuda. Pali mitundu yambiri ya tiyi wakuda wa Gongfu, ndipo magwero ake ndi osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga kwakukulu kwa tiyi wakuda wa Qimen Gongfu ku Qimen County, Anhui, ndi Yunnan tiyi wofiira Gongfu, etc.; Tiyi wakuda wosweka amagawidwa kwambiri, makamaka kugulitsa kunja.

Pokonza, oxidative polymerization reaction imapanga zinthu zamitundu monga theaflavins, thearubicins, ndi thefuscins. Zinthu izi, pamodzi ndi caffeine, amino acid aulere, shuga wosungunuka ndi zigawo zina zamkati, zimakhudza mtundu ndi kukoma kwa tiyi wakuda; nthawi yomweyo, glycosides Enzymatic hydrolysis imatulutsa mankhwala a terpene, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni kwa unsaturated mafuta zidulo kumakhudza mtundu wonunkhira wa tiyi wakuda.

Njira yopangira tiyi wakuda ndiyosalekanitsidwa, ndipo ukadaulo wopanga umaphatikizapo njira zinayi zofota, kugudubuza, kuyanika ndi kuyanika. Kodi njirazi zimagwira ntchito yotani popanga tiyi wakuda?

1.kufota.

Kufota ndi njira yoyamba yopangira tiyi wakuda, komanso ndi njira yoyambira kupanga tiyi wakuda. Kuuma kumakhala ndi zotsatira ziwiri:

Chimodzi ndicho kusungunula mbali ina ya madzi, kuchepetsa kukangana kwa maselo a tiyi, kupangitsa tsambalo kukhala lolimba mpaka kufewa, kuwonjezera kulimba kwa masamba ndi masamba, ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupotoza kukhala mizere.

Chachiwiri ndi chothandiza kusintha zomwe zili muzinthu. Chifukwa cha kutayika kwa madzi, kufalikira kwa nembanemba ya cell kumakulitsidwa, ndipo ma enzymes omwe ali nawo amayambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwazinthu zingapo zomwe zili mu nsonga za tiyi, ndikuyika maziko a mapangidwe amtundu wanji wa tiyi. mtundu wa tiyi wakuda ndi kununkhira.

2. Pondakuzungulira (Rolling)

Kneading (kudula) ndi njira yofunikira ya tiyi wakuda wa Gongfu ndi tiyi wakuda wosweka kuti apange mawonekedwe okongola ndikupanga khalidwe lamkati. Tiyi wakuda wa Gongfu amafunikira mawonekedwe olimba komanso kukoma kwamkati mwamphamvu, zomwe zimatengera kuchuluka kwa masamba olimba komanso kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya cell.

Pali ntchito zitatu za rolling:

Chimodzi ndi kuwononga minyewa ya tsamba la masamba pogudubuza, kuti madzi a tiyi asefukire, kufulumizitsa enzymatic oxidation ya polyphenol compounds, ndikuyala maziko a mapangidwe apadera a endoplasm wa tiyi wakuda.

Chachiwiri ndikugudubuza masambawo mu chingwe cholimba chowongoka, kuchepetsa mawonekedwe a thupi, ndikupanga mawonekedwe okongola.

Chachitatu ndi chakuti madzi a tiyi akusefukira ndikuwunjikana pamwamba pa masamba a masamba, omwe amasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi panthawi yomwe amawotcha, kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa supu ya tiyi ndikupanga mawonekedwe owala ndi ochuluka.

3. Kuwira

Fermentation ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira mtundu wa tiyi wakuda, fungo, komanso mawonekedwe a kukoma. Kuwotchera kwabwino kokha kungapange matheaflavin ambiri ndi thearubigen, komanso zokometsera zambiri ndi zonunkhira.

Kupesa ndi njira yopitilira, osati njira yokhayo. Fermentation idakhalapo kuyambira pomwe tiyi wakuda adakulungidwa ndikuwumitsa. Kawirikawiri, njira yapadera yowotchera imakhazikitsidwa isanayambe kuyanika mutatha kupukuta, kuti tiyi ifike pamlingo woyenera kwambiri.

Tiyi wakuda akathira, masamba a tiyi wopondedwa nthawi zambiri amawaika muchochololera kapena pangolo yowotchera, ndiyeno amawaika mu thanki yowisira kapena m'chipinda chowisira kuti afufuze. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, zida zina zatsopano zowotchera zabadwa. Nayonso mphamvu ayenera kukumana kutentha yoyenera, chinyezi ndi mpweya kuchuluka chofunika kuti okosijeni polymerization wa tiyi polyphenolase.

4. Zouma.

Kuyanika kumachitika ndi kuyanika, nthawi zambiri kugawidwa kawiri, nthawi yoyamba imatchedwa moto watsitsi, yachiwiri imatchedwa moto wa phazi. Tsitsi ndi mapazi moto ayenera kufalikira ozizira.

Kuyanika kumathandizanso pazifukwa zitatu:

Imodzi ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri kuti muchepetse ntchito ya michere, kuyimitsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni a enzymatic, ndikukonza kuyanika kwabwino.

Chachiwiri ndi kusungunula madzi, kuchepetsa ndodo za tiyi, kukonza mawonekedwe, ndikusunga mapazi owuma, zomwe zimathandiza kusunga khalidwe.

Chachitatu ndikutulutsa fungo laudzu wambiri wokhala ndi malo owira pang'ono, kulimbikitsa ndi kusunga zinthu zonunkhira zomwe zili ndi kuwira kwakukulu, ndikupeza kununkhira kwapadera kwa tiyi wakuda.