Tikamatchula tiyi, timakhala ngati tikumva fungo lobiriwira, labwino komanso lonunkhira bwino. Tiyi, wobadwa pakati pa kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi, amapangitsa anthu kukhala odekha ndi amtendere. Masamba a tiyi, kuchokera pakutola tsamba limodzi mpaka kufota, kuyanika kwadzuwa, ndipo pamapeto pake amasandulika kukhala fungo lonunkhira pa lilime, amagwirizana kwambiri ndi "wobiriwira". Ndiye, ndi njira zingati zomwe tiyi angakonzere?

1. Kukonzekera kwa tiyi
Otchedwa fixation amatanthauza kuwonongedwa kwa minofu ya masamba atsopano. Thekukonza tiyindondomeko kumafuna kutenga mkulu-kutentha miyeso mofulumira kusintha nkhani za masamba atsopano. Monga amadziwika, tiyi imakhala ndi chinthu chotchedwa enzyme, chomwe ndi biological macromolecule yokhala ndi biocatalytic function. Ndi biocatalyst yomwe imatha kufulumizitsa kapena kuchedwetsa liwiro la zomwe zimachitika pazachilengedwe, koma sizisintha komwe kumayendera ndi zomwe zimachitika. Ma enzymes nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mapuloteni (ochepa omwe amakhala RNA), ndipo zochita zawo zimakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi zinthu monga kutentha ndi chilengedwe (monga pH mtengo).
Ma enzymes amawonongeka kosasinthika pamapangidwe awo a protein molekyulu pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma enzyme awonongeke. "Kufota" kwa masamba a tiyi kumagwiritsa ntchito ma enzyme omwe amalepheretsa ntchito ya oxidase m'masamba atsopano.

Cholinga chachikulu cha kukonza tiyi ndikugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri kuwononga ntchito ya polyphenol oxidase m'masamba atsopano munthawi yochepa, kuletsa polyphenol enzyme catalyzed oxidation, ndikupangitsa zomwe zili mkatimo kupanga mawonekedwe apamwamba a tiyi a Pu'er monga mtundu. , fungo, ndi kulawa mopanda enzyme. Qingqing imathanso kuchotsa chinyezi, kutembenuza masamba kukhala olimba mpaka ofewa, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kukanda ndi kupanga. Kuphatikiza apo, kufota kumatha kuchotsa fungo laudzu la masamba atsopano, kulola masamba a tiyi kutulutsa fungo lokoma la tiyi. Mwachidule, kuwononga bungwe ndi kapangidwe ka masamba atsopano, kusintha mawonekedwe ndi khalidwe la masamba atsopano, ndikuyika maziko abwino a khalidwe lapadera la masamba a tiyi ndi cholinga chofota komanso maziko a njira zamakono zofota.

2 Kuwotchera dzuwa

Masamba atsopano omwe adawumitsidwa ndi dzuwa atatha kukonza ndikugudubuza pamodzi amatchedwa "tiyi wobiriwira wadzuwa". Tiyi wapadera wa Yunnan wa Pu'er ayenera kuumitsidwa ndi dzuwa asanasinthidwe kukhala tiyi ya Pu'er. Kuyanika kwadzuwa, monga momwe dzinalo likunenera, kumatanthauza kuyanika kwa tiyi yaiwisi yomwe yawumitsidwa ndi dzuwa. Kuyanika kwadzuwa kumatanthauza kuyanika kwa tiyi waiwisi, osati kufota. Nthawi zonse kupanga tiyi wa Pu'er ndi: kutola, kufalitsa mwatsopano, kufota, kuziziritsa, kupukuta, ndi kuyanika. Kuyanika kwadzuwa ndiko kuyanika pambuyo pakugudubuza. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa tiyi wowumitsidwa ndi dzuwa ndi njira zina zowumitsa monga kusonkhezera ndi kuyanika ndi "kutentha". Njira yowumitsa ya chipwirikiti Frying ndi kuyanika imakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu, komwe kumadula moyo wa enzyme yogwira ntchito pamasamba a tiyi, pomwe tiyi wowuma ndi dzuwa ndi wosiyana. Kuwala kwachilengedwe ndi kutentha kochepa kumasunga kuthekera kwa kukula kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito. Dzuwa zowuma tiyi ali lotayirira ndi wakuda thupi mawonekedwe, ndi youma tiyi ali bwino dzuwa zouma kukoma. Kukoma kowuma kwadzuwa kumeneku kumapereka fungo labwino la maluwa ndi zomera zachilengedwe, ndipo fungo lake limakhala lokhalitsa ndipo kukoma kwake kumakhala koyera pambuyo poupanga. Kuwotchera dzuwa kumapangitsanso mphamvu yosungiramo tiyi kwa nthawi yayitali ya Pu'er, yomwe imakhala yonunkhira pakapita nthawi.

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti "kuyanika dzuwa" sikofunikira. M'masiku amvula kapena mitambo, kuyanika kapena kuumitsa mthunzi kungaganizidwenso, koma kuyenera kuchitika pa kutentha kochepa, chomwe ndicho chinsinsi. Nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti kutentha sikuyenera kupitirira madigiri 60. Ngakhale njira yowumitsa yowumitsa kutentha kwadzuwa ndiyotalika, imasunga kukoma koyambirira ndi zinthu zogwira ntchito za tiyi. Kuwonetsetsa kutentha koyenera ndikosiyana kofunikira pakupanga pakati pa tiyi wa Pu erh ndi tiyi wobiriwira. Tiyi wobiriwira amagwiritsa ntchito choletsa kutentha kwambiri kuti awonjezere kununkhira kwake, koma kusungidwa kotsatira sikungakwaniritse "tiyi wonunkhira wa Pu erh". Ikhoza kudyedwa mkati mwa nthawi yochepa, apo ayi msuzi wa tiyi udzakhala wofooka ndi kutaya mtengo wake ngati utasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Tiyi ya Pu erh ndi chinthu chochepa, chopangidwa ndi nthawi, chomwe chimaphatikizapo "ntchito yapang'onopang'ono imapanga ntchito yabwino" popanga.

Kuwotcha tiyi ndi kuphika tiyi wobiriwira

Kuwotcha ndi kuphika tiyi wobiriwira ndi njira yopangira tiyi wobiriwira. Cholinga cha zonsezi ndi chofanana, chomwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri kuti tiyimitse njira yowotchera masamba a tiyi. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti wina akukankhira-kuwotcha mu poto yachitsulo yotentha kwambiri, ndipo winayo akuwotcha mwachindunji kutentha kwakukulu. Tiyi wobiriwira wobiriwira amatanthauza njira yogwiritsira ntchito moto wochepa kufota masamba a tiyi mumphika popanga masamba a tiyi. Madzi omwe ali m'masamba a tiyi amasungunuka mwachangu ndi kugubuduza kwamanja, komwe kumatchinga njira yowotchera masamba a tiyi ndikusungabe madzi a tiyi.

Tiyi wobiriwira amene anafota, kukulungidwa, ndiyeno kuumitsa amatchedwa baking green tea. Kuphika tiyi wobiriwira ndi njira yowumitsa kutentha kwambiri, ndipo masamba opangidwa ndi tiyi nthawi zambiri amakhala onunkhira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, amalonda ena asakaniza tiyi wobiriwira wophika ndi tiyi ya Pu'er kuti awonjezere kununkhira kwa masamba a tiyi, koma sizothandiza kuti tiyi ya Pu'er isinthe, kotero ogula ayenera kusamala pogula.
Tiyi wophika wobiriwira ndi wobiriwira wobiriwira sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira za tiyi wa Pu'er, ndipo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tiyi wa Pu'er. Kuwotchera kwa tiyi wa Pu'er kumadalira kwambiri kutulutsa kwa tiyi wobiriwira wowumitsidwa ndi dzuwa, makutidwe ndi okosijeni a polyphenols, komanso zochita za tizilombo. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kwa tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga ndi wokazinga, polyphenol oxidase imachotsedwa ndikuwonongeka. Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kwambiri komanso kuyanika mwachangu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyanika tiyi yaiwisi, zomwe zimawononganso polyphenol oxidase. Kuonjezera apo, madzi a tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga ndi wokazinga ndi ochepa, ndipo "kukalamba kwachilengedwe" sikungatheke. Chifukwa chake, sikoyenera kusinthidwa kukhala tiyi ya Pu'er.

Wobiriwira wobiriwira / wotchuka kwambiri 'matcha'

Kutentha tiyi wobiriwira kumakhalanso m'gulu la tiyi wobiriwira. Kutentha tiyi wobiriwira ndiye tiyi wakale kwambiri yemwe adapangidwa ku China wakale. Amagwiritsa ntchito nthunzi kufewetsa masamba atsopano a tiyi, kenako amagudubuza ndi kuwawumitsa. Tiyi wobiriwira wotentha nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe atatu obiriwira a "mtundu wobiriwira, wobiriwira wa supu, ndi wobiriwira wamasamba", zomwe zimakhala zokongola komanso zokopa. Tiyi wobiriwira ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa tiyi wobiriwira waku Japan, ndipo tiyi yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwambo wa tiyi waku Japan ndi "matcha" wodziwika padziko lonse lapansi mu tiyi wobiriwira wotentha.