Pamene zaka zobzala dimba la tiyi ndi malo obzala zikuwonjezeka,makina opangira tiyiimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakubzala tiyi. Vuto la acidization ya nthaka m'minda ya tiyi lakhala malo opangira kafukufuku pankhani yamtundu wa chilengedwe. Dothi la pH loyenera kukula kwa mitengo ya tiyi ndi 4.0 ~ 6.5. Malo otsika kwambiri a pH adzalepheretsa kukula ndi kagayidwe ka mitengo ya tiyi, kukhudza chonde m'nthaka, kuchepetsa zokolola za tiyi ndi mtundu wake, ndikuwopseza kwambiri chilengedwe komanso chitukuko chokhazikika cha minda ya tiyi. Kuwonetsa momwe mungabwezeretsere minda ya tiyi kuchokera kuzinthu zotsatirazi

1 Kusintha kwamankhwala

Pamene pH ya nthaka ili pansi pa 4, ndi bwino kuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito njira za mankhwala kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino. Pakalipano, ufa wa dolomite umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuonjezera nthaka pH. Dolomite ufa umapangidwa makamaka ndi calcium carbonate ndi magnesium carbonate. Pambuyo kugwiritsa ntchito amakina olima mindakumasula nthaka, kuwaza ufa wamwala mofanana. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nthaka, ayoni a carbonate amachitira mankhwala ndi ayoni acidic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu za acidic ziwonongeke komanso nthaka pH ikuwonjezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, ma ion calcium ndi ma magnesium ambiri amatha kukulitsa mphamvu yosinthira ma cation m'nthaka ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kusinthanitsa kwa aluminiyamu m'nthaka. Kuchuluka kwa ufa wa dolomite kukakhala kokulirapo kuposa 1500 kg/hm², vuto la acidity m'minda ya tiyi limakula kwambiri.

2 Kusintha kwachilengedwe

Biochar ipezeka poumitsa mitengo ya tiyi yodulidwa ndi amakina odulira tiyindi kuziwotcha ndi kuzing'amba pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu. Monga chotenthetsera nthaka chapadera, biochar ili ndi magulu ambiri ogwira ntchito okhala ndi okosijeni pamwamba pake, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala amchere. Ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo acidity ndi alkalinity ya nthaka ya m'minda, kuonjezera mphamvu yosinthanitsa ndi ma cation, kuchepetsa zomwe zili ndi asidi osinthika, ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso la nthaka kusunga madzi ndi feteleza. Biochar ilinso ndi zinthu zambiri zamchere, zomwe zimatha kulimbikitsa kukwera kwa michere m'nthaka komanso kukula ndi chitukuko cha mbewu, ndikusintha momwe mabakiteriya am'nthaka amakhalira. Kupaka 30 t/hm² wa bio-black carbon kumatha kusintha kwambiri malo a acidity a dothi la dimba la tiyi.

3 zowonjezera organic

Feteleza wachilengedwe amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe, kuchotsa zinthu zapoizoni ndikusunga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopindulitsa. Kuwongolera nthaka ya acidic kutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wosalowerera kapena wamchere pang'ono kuti akonze malo okhala ndi acid komanso kusunga chonde pang'onopang'ono pomwe amapereka zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, zakudya zomwe zili mu feteleza wa organic ndizovuta kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji ndi zomera. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tikachulukana, timakula ndi kugayidwa, timatha kutulutsa pang'onopang'ono zinthu zomwe zimatha kuyamwa ndi zomera, motero zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi mphamvu. Kuyika zosintha za organic-inorganic composite acidifying dothi la acidic m'minda ya tiyi kumatha kukulitsa pH ya nthaka ndi chonde chanthaka, kuwonjezera ma ion osiyanasiyana oyambira ndikuwonjezera kusungitsa nthaka.

4 zosintha zatsopano

Mitundu ina yatsopano ya zipangizo zokonzetsera ikuyamba kuonekera pakukonza ndi kukonza nthaka. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakubwezeretsanso michere m'nthaka komanso kumakhudza momwe nthaka imagwirira ntchito. Kupaka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka ya tiyi pogwiritsa ntchito asprayerimatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'nthaka, ndikuwongolera kwambiri zisonyezo za chonde. Ma bacillus amyloides amatha kupititsa patsogolo ubwino ndi zokolola za tiyi, ndipo zotsatira zabwino zimatheka pamene chiwerengero chonse cha midzi ndi 1.6 × 108 cfu / mL. High molecular polima ndiwothandizanso dothi latsopano. Ma polima a macromolecular amatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma macroaggregates, kukulitsa porosity, ndi kukonza nthaka. Kugwiritsa ntchito polyacrylamide ku dothi la acidic kumatha kukulitsa pH ya nthaka pamlingo wina ndikuwongolera bwino nthaka.

5. Umuna woyenerera

Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mosasamala ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale acidity. Manyowa a mankhwala amatha kusintha mwachangu michere yomwe ili m'nthaka ya tiyi. Mwachitsanzo, umuna wosayenerera ungayambitse kusalinganika kwa michere ya m’nthaka komwe kungapangitse kuti nthaka isamayende bwino. Makamaka, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa asidi kwa nthawi yayitali, feteleza wa asidi kapena feteleza wa nayitrogeni kumapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale acidity. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito afeteleza wofalitsaakhoza kufalitsa fetereza mofanana. Tiyi minda sayenera kutsindika yekha ntchito nayitrogeni fetereza, koma ayenera kulabadira ophatikizana ntchito nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi zinthu zina. Pofuna kulinganiza zakudya za m'nthaka ndikuletsa acidity ya nthaka, molingana ndi mayamwidwe a feteleza ndi mawonekedwe a nthaka, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza woyezera nthaka kapena kusakaniza ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza angapo.