Kugudubuza tiyiamatanthauza njira yomwe masamba a tiyi amakulungidwa m'mizere pansi pa mphamvu, ndipo minofu ya tsamba imawonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi a tiyi azisefukira. Ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tiyi komanso kupanga kukoma ndi kununkhira. Mlingo wa kugudubuza nthawi zambiri umayesedwa ndi "kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya cell", "strip rate", ndi "kusweka kwa tiyi". Pogubuduza, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa pakati pa kugudubuza kotentha ndi kuzizira kozizira, komanso kulabadira kukhudzidwa kwa nthawi yopukutira komanso kukakamiza pakugubuduza panthawi yogwira ntchito.

Kutentha ndi kuzizira kugudubuza

Kugudubuzika kotentha kumatanthauza kugudubuza masamba ofota akali otentha, osawaziziritsa; Zomwe zimatchedwa kuzizira zimatanthawuza njira yopangira masamba obiriwira atatha kuchotsedwa mumphika ndikuloledwa kuziziritsa kwa kanthawi mpaka kutentha kwa masamba kumatsika kutentha. Kugudubuza kumalola zomwe zili m'maselo a masamba (monga mapuloteni, pectin, wowuma, etc.) kuti zilowe pamwamba pa masamba. Zomwe zili mkatizi zimakhala ndi viscosity pa chinyezi china, chomwe chimakhala chopindulitsa pakugudubuza masamba a tiyi m'mizere ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe awo pakuyanika. Masamba okhala ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana yazaka komanso kukoma kwake amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a nthambi. Masamba okhala ndi kukoma kwakukulu amatha kupanga zingwe akakulungidwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa cellulose komanso kuchuluka kwa pectin; Masamba akale ali ndi wowuma wambiri, ndipo kuwagudubuza pamene akutentha kumapindulitsa kuti wowuma apitirize gelatinization ndi kusakaniza bwino ndi zinthu zina, potero kuwonjezera kukhuthala kwa tsamba pamwamba. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pansi pa kutentha, cellulose imafewetsa ndipo imapanga mizere mosavuta. Koma kuipa kwa kutentha kugudubuza nthawi zambiri ndikuti mtundu wa masamba umakonda kukhala wachikasu ndipo pali kusayenda kwamadzi. Chifukwa chake, masamba anthete amatha kupanga timizere pakugubuduza. Kuti mukhale ndi mtundu wabwino komanso fungo labwino, kuzizira kozizira kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito; Kwa masamba akale okhwima, kuwagudubuza pamene akutentha kumatha kuoneka bwino. Ngakhale kugudubuzika kotentha kumakhudza mtundu ndi fungo, masamba akale amakhala ndi fungo lochepa ndipo ndi obiriwira kwambiri. Kugudubuzika kotentha kumataya chlorophyll, yomwe sikuti imangokhudza mtundu wawo, koma nthawi zina imapangitsa kuti pansi pa masamba kukhale kowala. Choncho, akale masamba ayenera pansi otentha anagubuduza. Masamba owoneka bwino omwe ali ndi mphukira imodzi, masamba awiri, ndi masamba atatu ndi ofatsa pang'ono ndipo ayenera kupondedwa pang'onopang'ono. Masamba obiriwira ayenera kufalikira pang'ono ndikukanda akadali otentha. Kuchita bwino kwa kugudubuza kotentha ndi kozizira kuyenera kudalira momwe zinthu zilili.

Nthawi yopumula ndi kupsinjika

Awiriwo ndi ogwirizana kwambiri ndipo ayenera kuganiziridwa pamodzi, kutsindika mbali imodzi yokha sikokwanira. Nthawi zambiri, pamakhala nthawi yomwe nthawi yogubuduza siyitali, koma chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwambiri, zimayambira ndi masamba zimasiyana, ndipo masamba opindidwa amasweka asanakhale mikwingwirima. Kugudubuzika kwa masamba kuyenera kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa kusweka kwa ma cell ndikusunga kukhulupirika kwa zingwezo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mizere kuyenera kukwaniritsa zomwe zanenedwa. Masamba anthete ndi mbande zosongoka ziyenera kusungidwa osati kuthyoledwa. Kuwonjezera pa kuchuluka kwa masamba oyenera, ziyenera kukhala "nthawi iyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndipo kupanikizika kuyenera kukhala koyenera". Ngati kupanikizika sikuli koyenera, makamaka ngati kuli kolemetsa kwambiri, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zovuta kutsimikizira. Chifukwa popanikizika kwambiri, masamba ndi masamba amasweka ndi kusweka pakapita nthawi. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yopukutira masamba otsogola imayikidwa pa mphindi 20-30, sikoyenera kukakamiza kapena kukakamiza kopepuka kokha; Ngati tsamba lotsogola lamtundu wotere likapanikizika kwambiri, limapangitsa kuti tiyi tating'ono ting'onoting'ono ndi mbande zosweka pakatha mphindi 15 mpaka 20 zokanda. Chifukwa chake, pokanda masamba anthete, nthawiyo iyenera kutsimikiziridwa popanda kukakamiza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kopepuka, ndipo nthawi yokanda singakhale yaifupi kwambiri. Imeneyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yowonetsetsa kuti "iyenera kupondedwa bwino, kuphwanyidwa mosalekeza kukhala mizere, ndikukhala yakuthwa". M'malo mwake, kugubuduza masamba akale kumakhala kovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zogubuduza popanda kukakamiza kwambiri.

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ntchito, mitundu yambiri yamagulutiyi wodzigudubuzandi zodziwikiratutiyi akugubuduza kupanga mzerezapangidwa, zomwe zimatha kutsegulira zokha, kuyeza ndi kudyetsa, kutseka, kukakamiza, ndi kutulutsa panthawi yonseyi. The ndondomeko magawo angathenso kusintha kuti anagubuduza khalidwe kwambiri controllable. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowongolera wodziwikiratu wa PLC ndikutengera njira yolumikizira makina ambiri ogubuduza ndi kupindika, kukonza makina opangira makina ambiri odyetsera ndikugudubuza kwachitika. Koma mtundu uwu wa kugudubuza ndi kupotoza unit umafunikabe kudutsa kutsekedwa ndi kudyetsa masamba, ndipo zimangokhalira kugudubuza kosalekeza.

MFUNDO: Kugubuduza tiyi wobiriwira kumafuna kudziwa mfundo yakugudubuza mofatsa masamba anthete ndikugudubuzika kwambiri kwa masamba akale
Kulemera, nthawi, ndi njira yogubuduza zimakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la tiyi wobiriwira. Ngati mphamvu yochuluka ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, madzi ambiri a tiyi adzasefukira, ndipo ma flavonoids ena amapangidwa mosavuta kuti apange zinthu zakuda za bulauni, zomwe zimawononga mtundu wa masamba a tiyi; Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa maselo, mtundu wa supu ndi wandiweyani koma wosawala mokwanira. Ngati nthawi yokandayo ndi yayitali kwambiri, zinthu za polyphenolic zimatha kukhala ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni kutentha kwa firiji, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtundu wa supu ukhale wachikasu; Komabe, kugubuduzika kosakwanira kumabweretsa kukoma ndi mtundu wopepuka, womwe sungathe kupanga mawonekedwe olimba komanso ofananira a tiyi wobiriwira, kumachepetsa mtundu wake wakunja. Chifukwa chake, njira zosiyanasiyana zogubuduza ndi zokhota panthawi yokonza zimakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana pamtundu wa tiyi.