Fermentation ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pokonza tiyi wakuda. Pambuyo pa nayonso mphamvu, mtundu wa masamba umasintha kuchokera kubiriwira mpaka wofiira, kupanga makhalidwe abwino a tiyi wofiira wamasamba a masamba. Chofunika kwambiri cha kuthirira kwa tiyi wakuda ndikuti pansi pa kugubuduza kwa masamba, mawonekedwe a minofu yamasamba amawonongeka, nembanemba ya vacuolar ya semi permeable imawonongeka, kuchuluka kwa permeability, ndipo zinthu za polyphenolic zimalumikizidwa kwathunthu ndi oxidase, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti polyphenolic iwonongeke. mankhwala ndi kupanga angapo makutidwe ndi okosijeni, polymerization, condensation ndi zina zimachitikira, kupanga zinthu achikuda monga theaflavins ndi thearubigins, pamene kupanga zinthu ndi fungo lapadera.

Ubwino wakuwira kwa tiyi wakudazimagwirizana ndi zinthu monga kutentha, chinyezi, mpweya wabwino, ndi nthawi ya fermentation. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwa chipinda kumayendetsedwa mozungulira 20-25 ℃, ndipo m'pofunika kusunga kutentha kwa masamba ofufumitsa pafupifupi 30 ℃. Kusunga chinyezi cha mpweya pamwamba pa 90% ndikopindulitsa kulimbikitsa ntchito ya polyphenol oxidase ndikuthandizira kupanga ndi kudzikundikira kwa theaflavins. Panthawi yowotchera, mpweya wambiri umafunika, choncho ndikofunika kusunga mpweya wabwino komanso kumvetsera kutentha kwa kutentha ndi mpweya wabwino. Kuchuluka kwa masamba kufalikira kumakhudza mpweya wabwino komanso kutentha kwa masamba. Ngati masamba akufalikira ndi okhuthala kwambiri, mpweya wabwino umachitika, ndipo ngati masamba akufalikira ndi opyapyala kwambiri, kutentha kwa masamba sikungasungidwe mosavuta. Makulidwe a masamba ofalikira nthawi zambiri amakhala 10-20 cm, ndipo masamba ang'onoang'ono ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono ayenera kufalikira pang'ono; Masamba akale ndi masamba akulu akulu ayenera kufalikira. Kufalitsa kwambiri pamene kutentha kuli kochepa; Kutentha kukakhala kokwera, kuyenera kufalikira pang'ono. Utali wa nthawi yowotchera umasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi nyengo ya kuwira, kuchuluka kwa kugudubuza, mtundu wa masamba, mitundu ya tiyi, ndi nyengo yophukira, ndipo kuyenera kutengera kupesa kwapakatikati. Nthawi yowira tiyi wakuda wa Mingyou Gongfu nthawi zambiri imakhala maola 2-3

Mlingo wa nayonso mphamvu uyenera kutsatira mfundo yoti "kukonda kuwala kuposa kulemetsa", ndipo muyezo wocheperako ndi: masamba owiritsa amataya fungo lawo lobiriwira komanso laudzu, amakhala ndi fungo lamaluwa ndi zipatso, ndipo masambawo amakhala ofiira. Kuzama kwa masamba ofufumitsa kumasiyana pang'ono ndi nyengo ndi zaka komanso kukoma kwa masamba atsopano. Nthawi zambiri, tiyi ya kasupe imakhala yofiira, pamene tiyi yachilimwe imakhala yachikasu; Masamba anthete amakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wofiyira, pomwe masamba akale amakhala ofiira ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira. Ngati nayonso mphamvu sikukwanira, fungo la masamba a tiyi lidzakhala lodetsedwa, lokhala ndi utoto wobiriwira. Pambuyo pakuwotcha, mtundu wa supu udzakhala wofiira, kukoma kwake kudzakhala kobiriwira ndi kutsekemera, ndipo masamba adzakhala ndi maluwa obiriwira pansi. Ngati fermentation ili mopitirira muyeso, masamba a tiyi adzakhala ndi fungo lochepa komanso lopanda phokoso, ndipo mutatha kuwira, mtundu wa supu udzakhala wofiira, wakuda, wamtambo, wokhala ndi kukoma koyera ndi masamba ofiira ndi amdima okhala ndi mikwingwirima yambiri yakuda pansi. Ngati fungo lake ndi lowawasa, zimasonyeza kuti nayonso mphamvu yachuluka kwambiri.

Pali njira zingapo zowotchera tiyi wakuda, kuphatikiza kuwira kwachilengedwe, chipinda chowotchera, ndi makina owotchera. Kuwira kwachilengedwe ndi njira yanthawi zonse yowotchera, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuyika masamba okulungidwa m'madengu ansungwi, kuwaphimba ndi nsalu yonyowa, ndikuwayika m'malo olowera mpweya wabwino. Chipinda chowotchera ndi malo odziyimira pawokha omwe amakhazikitsidwa m'malo opangira tiyi kuti afufuze tiyi wakuda. Makina owotchera apangidwa mwachangu ndipo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa chotha kukwaniritsa kutentha ndi kuwongolera chinyezi panthawi yowotchera.

Pakali pano, makina fermentation makamaka wopangidwa mosalekeza makina nayonso mphamvu ndi kabatiMakina opangira tiyi.

Makina owotchera mosalekeza amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi chowumitsira mbale. Masamba okonzedwawo amayalidwa mofanana pa mbale ya masamba zana kuti nayonso nayonso. Bedi lamasamba zana limayendetsedwa ndi njira yosinthira mosalekeza ndipo imakhala ndi mpweya wabwino, chinyezi, ndi zida zosinthira kutentha. Ndi oyenera mosalekeza basi kupanga mizere wakuda tiyi.

Mtundu wa bokosimakina opangira tiyi wakudaamabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, yokhala ndi kapangidwe koyambira kofanana ndi makina ophikira ndi zonunkhira. Amakhala ndi kutentha kosasunthika ndi kuwongolera chinyezi, kaphazi kakang'ono, komanso kugwira ntchito kosavuta, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati opangira tiyi.

Makina owotchera mawonedwe a tiyi ofiira makamaka amathetsa mavuto a kusakaniza kovuta, kusakwanira kwa mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya wabwino, nthawi yayitali yowotchera, komanso kuyang'ana kovuta kwa magwiridwe antchito pazida zachikhalidwe zoyatsira. Imatengera mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso osinthasintha, ndipo imakhala ndi ntchito monga momwe zimawonekera, kutembenuka kwanthawi yake, kutentha kwadzidzidzi ndi kuwongolera chinyezi, komanso kudyetsa ndi kutulutsa.

MFUNDO

Zofunikira pakukhazikitsa zipinda zowotchera:

1. Chipinda chowotchera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira tiyi wakuda mutatha kugudubuza, ndipo kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala koyenera. Dera liyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi nsonga yamakampani opanga.
2. Zitseko ndi mazenera akhazikitsidwe moyenera kuti azitha kupuma bwino komanso kupewa kuwala kwa dzuwa.
3. Ndi bwino kukhala ndi pansi pa simenti yokhala ndi ngalande kuti zizitha kuyenda mosavuta, ndipo pasakhale ngodya zakufa zomwe zimakhala zovuta kutulutsa.
4. Zida zotenthetsera m'nyumba ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti zizitha kutentha mkati mwa 25 ℃ mpaka 45 ℃ ndi chinyezi chapakati pa 75% mpaka 98%.
5. Zoyikamo zowonjezera zimayikidwa mkati mwa chipinda cha fermentation, ndi zigawo 8-10 zomwe zimayikidwa pazigawo za 25 centimita iliyonse. Thireyi yosunthika imamangidwa mkati, yotalika pafupifupi 12-15 centimita.