Edekọwo mmetụta mgbochi mkpali na detoxifying nke tii n'oge dị ka Shennong herbal classic. Site na mmepe nke sayensị na teknụzụ, ndị mmadụ na-akwụ ụgwọ karịa
na nlebara anya na ọrụ nlekọta ahụike nke tii. Tii bara ụba na tii polyphenols, tii polysaccharides, theanine, caffeine na ihe ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ. O nwere ikike igbochi oke ibu, ọrịa shuga, mbufụt na-adịghị ala ala na ọrịa ndị ọzọ.
A na-ahụta ahịhịa intestinal dị ka ihe dị mkpa "akụkụ ahụ metabolic" na "akụkụ endocrin", nke nwere ihe dị ka 100trillion microorganisms n'ime eriri afọ. Osisi eriri afọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na ihe omume oke ibu, ọrịa shuga, ọbara mgbali elu na ọrịa ndị ọzọ.
N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọtụtụ nchọpụta achọpụtala na mmetụta nlekọta ahụike pụrụ iche nke tii nwere ike ịpụta na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti tii, ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na eriri afọ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke akwụkwọ ekwenyela na polyphenols tii nwere obere bioavailability nwere ike itinye uche ma jiri ya mee ihe site na microorganisms na nnukwu eriri afọ, na-ebute uru ahụike. Otú ọ dị, usoro mmekọrịta dị n'etiti tii na intestinal flora adịghị anya. Ma ọ bụ mmetụta kpọmkwem nke metabolites nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ tii na nsonye nke microorganisms, ma ọ bụ mmetụta na-apụtaghị ìhè nke tii na-akpali uto nke microorganisms bara uru na eriri afọ iji mepụta metabolites bara uru.
Ya mere, akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-achikota mmekọrịta dị n'etiti tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya na osisi eriri afọ n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ na afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na combs usoro nhazi nke "tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya - flora intestinal - intestinal metabolites - ahụike nnabata", ka nye echiche ọhụrụ maka ọmụmụ banyere ọrụ ahụike nke tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya.

01
Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti osisi intestinal na homeostasis mmadụ
Site na gburugburu ebe obibi na-ekpo ọkụ na nke na-adịghị ahụ anya nke eriri afọ mmadụ, microorganisms nwere ike itolite na ịmụba n'ime eriri afọ mmadụ, nke bụ akụkụ ahụ mmadụ na-enweghị ikewapụ. Microbiota nke ahụ mmadụ na-ebu nwere ike ịmalite n'otu aka ahụ na mmepe nke ahụ mmadụ, na-ejigide nkwụsi ike ya na oge dị iche iche n'oge ntozu ruo ọnwụ.
Osisi intestinal nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị mkpa na mgbochi mmadụ, metabolism na sistem ụjọ site na metabolites ya bara ụba, dị ka obere yinye fatty acids (SCFAs). N'ime eriri afọ nke ndị toro eto nwere ahụike, Bacteroidites na Firmicutes bụ osisi kachasị ukwuu, na-aza ihe karịrị 90% nke mkpokọta intestinal flora, nke Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, verrucomicrobia na ndị ọzọ na-esote.
Dị iche iche microorganisms na eriri afọ na-ejikọta n'otu akụkụ, na-amachibido ma na-adabere na ibe ha, ka ha wee nọgide na-enwe nguzozi nke homeostasis intestinal. Nchegbu nke uche, omume iri nri, ọgwụ nje, pH intestinal na-adịghị mma na ihe ndị ọzọ ga-emebi nguzozi nke eriri afọ, na-eme ka ahụ ghara ịdị nhata nke osisi intestinal, na ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, na-akpata ọrịa metabolic, mmeghachi omume mkpali, na ọbụna ọrịa ndị ọzọ metụtara ya. , dị ka ọrịa eriri afọ, ọrịa ụbụrụ na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Nri bụ ihe kacha mkpa na-emetụta flora eriri afọ. Nri dị mma (dị ka eriri nri dị elu, prebiotics, wdg) ga-akwalite ịba ụba nke nje bacteria bara uru, dị ka mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ Lactobacillus na Bifidobacterium na-emepụta SCFA, iji mee ka mmetụta insulin dịkwuo elu ma kwalite ahụike ndị ọbịa. Nri na-adịghị mma (dị ka shuga dị elu na nri calorie dị elu) ga-agbanwe nhazi nke eriri afọ ma mee ka ọnụọgụ nke nje bacteria na-adịghị mma, ebe ọtụtụ nje bacteria gram-negative ga-akpali mmepụta nke lipopolysaccharide (LPS), na-abawanye permeability nke eriri afọ, na-eduga na oke ibu, mbufụt na ọbụna endotoxemia.
Ya mere, nri dị oke mkpa maka ịnọgide na-enwe na ịkpụzi homeostasis nke osisi intestinal nke onye ọbịa, nke metụtara ahụike nke onye ọbịa.

02

Iwu tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya na osisi eriri afọ
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, e nwere ihe karịrị ogige 700 mara na tii, gụnyere tii polyphenols, tii polysaccharides, theanine, caffeine na ndị ọzọ. Nnyocha egosiwo na tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya na-ekere òkè dị mkpa n'ụdị dị iche iche nke osisi eriri afọ mmadụ, gụnyere ịkwalite uto nke probiotics dị ka akkermansia, bifidobacteria na Roseburia, na igbochi uto nke nje bacteria na-emerụ ahụ dị ka Enterobacteriaceae na Helicobacter.
1. Iwu tii na osisi intestinal
N'ime ụdị colitis nke dextran sodium sulfate na-akpata, egosipụtara na teas isii ahụ nwere mmetụta prebiotic, nke nwere ike ịbawanye ụba nke ahịhịa intestinal dị iche iche na ụmụ oke colitis, belata ụba nke nje bacteria na-emerụ ahụ ma na-abawanye ụba nke nje bacteria nwere ike ịba uru.

Huang et al. Achọpụtara na ntinye aka ọgwụgwọ Pu'er tii nwere ike belata mbufụt nke eriri afọ nke dextran sodium sulfate kpatara; N'otu oge ahụ, ntinye ọgwụgwọ nke Pu'er tii nwere ike belata ọnụọgụ nke nje bacteria Spirillum, cyanobacteria na Enterobacteriaceae, ma kwalite mmụba nke nje bacteria bara uru Ackermann, Lactobacillus, muribaculum na ruminococcaceae ucg-014. Nnwale ntụgharị nje nje fecal gosikwara na tii Pu'er nwere ike melite colitis nke dextran sodium sulfate kpatara site n'ịgbanwe ahaghị nhata nke osisi intestinal. Ọganihu a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi mmụba nke ọdịnaya SCFA na mouse cecum na ntinye nke ndị na-anabata ya site na colonic peroxisome proliferators γ Mmụba okwu. Ọmụmụ ihe ndị a na-egosi na tii nwere ọrụ prebiotic, na ọrụ ahụike nke tii na-ekwu na ọ dịkarịa ala na akụkụ ya na nhazi nke osisi intestinal.

2. Iwu nke tii polyphenols na intestinal flora
Zhu et al chọpụtara na enyemaka Fuzhuan Tea Polyphenol nwere ike belata ahaghị nhata nke ahịhịa eriri afọ na oke nke nri nwere oke abụba na-ebute, na-abawanye iche iche nke ahịhịa eriri afọ, belata nha nke Firmicutes / Bacteroidites, ma na-abawanye ụba nke ụfọdụ isi. microorganisms, gụnyere akkermansia muciniphila, alloprevotella Bacteroides na faecalis baculum, na fecal nje transplantation nnwale gosikwara na arọ ọnwụ mmetụta nke Fuzhuan Tea polyphenols metụtara kpọmkwem na eriri afọ osisi. Wu et al. Gosiri na n'ụdị colitis nke dextran sodium sulfate na-akpata, a na-enweta mmetụta na-ebelata nke epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) na colitis site n'ịchịkwa flora intestinal. EGCG nwere ike imeziwanye ụbara nke SCFA na-emepụta microorganisms dị ka Ackermann na Lactobacillus. Mmetụta prebiotic nke tii polyphenols nwere ike ibelata ahaghị nhata nke osisi intestinal nke ihe ọjọọ kpatara. Ọ bụ ezie na kpọmkwem taxa nje bacteria na-achịkwa site na isi mmalite dị iche iche nke tii polyphenols nwere ike ịdị iche, obi abụọ adịghị ya na ọrụ ahụike nke tii polyphenols nwere njikọ chiri anya na osisi intestinal.
3. Iwu nke tii polysaccharide na intestinal flora
Tii polysaccharides nwere ike ime ka ụdị ahịhịa dị iche iche dị n'ime eriri afọ. Achọpụtara ya n'ime eriri afọ nke oke ụdị ọrịa shuga na tii polysaccharides nwere ike ịbawanye ụba nke SCFA na-emepụta microorganisms, dị ka lachnospira, victivallis na Rossella, wee kwalite glucose na lipid metabolism. N'otu oge ahụ, n'ụdị colitis nke dextran sodium sulfate kpatara, a chọtara polysaccharide tii na-akwalite uto nke Bacteroides, nke nwere ike ibelata ọkwa LPS na feces na plasma, na-eme ka ọrụ nke eriri afọ epithelial mgbochi na-egbochi eriri afọ na usoro. mbufụt. Ya mere, tii polysaccharide nwere ike ịkwalite uto nke microorganisms nwere ike ịba uru dị ka SCFAs ma gbochie uto nke LPS na-emepụta microorganisms, iji meziwanye nhazi na nhazi nke osisi intestinal ma nọgide na-enwe homeostasis nke osisi eriri afọ mmadụ.
4. Iwu nke ihe ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ na tii na osisi intestinal
Tea saponin, nke a makwaara dị ka tii saponin, bụ ụdị ogige glycoside nwere usoro mgbagwoju anya ewepụtara na mkpụrụ tii. Ọ nwere nnukwu ibu molekụla, polarity siri ike ma dị mfe igbari na mmiri. Li Yu na ndị ọzọ jiri tii saponin nye ụmụ atụrụ ndị e wepụrụ ara. Nsonaazụ nke nyocha nke ahịhịa intestinal gosiri na ọnụọgụ nje bacteria bara uru metụtara nkwalite ahụ ike na ikike mgbari nri mụbara nke ukwuu, ebe ọnụọgụ nje bacteria na-emerụ ahụ metụtara ọrịa ahụ na-ebelata nke ukwuu. Ya mere, tii saponin nwere mmetụta dị mma na eriri afọ nke ụmụ atụrụ. Ntinye aka nke saponin tii nwere ike ịbawanye iche iche nke osisi intestinal, melite homeostasis intestinal, ma kwalite ọgụ na ike mgbari nke ahụ.
Na mgbakwunye, ihe ndị bụ isi na-arụ ọrụ na tii na-agụnye theanine na caffeine. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na elu bioavailability nke theanine, caffeine na ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ components, absorption e ihu ọma dechara tupu iru nnukwu eriri afọ, mgbe eriri afọ flora bụ tumadi kesaara ke nnukwu eriri afọ. Ya mere, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ha na intestinal flora adịghị anya.

03
Tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya na-achịkwa osisi eriri afọ
Usoro enwere ike na-emetụta ahụike ndị ọbịa
Lipinski na ndị ọzọ kwenyere na ogige ndị nwere obere bioavailability n'ozuzu ha nwere njirimara ndị a: (1) mkpokọta molecular arọ> 500, logP> 5; (2) Ọnụ ego nke - Oh ma ọ bụ - NH na ogige bụ ≥ 5; (3) Otu N ma ọ bụ O nwere ike ịmepụta njikọ hydrogen na ogige ahụ bụ ≥ 10. Ọtụtụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ na tii, dị ka theaflavin, thearubin, tii polysaccharide na ndị ọzọ macromolecular ogige, na-esiri ike ịbanye ozugbo site na ahụ mmadụ. n'ihi na ha nwere ihe niile ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke njirimara nhazi n'elu.
Otú ọ dị, ọmụmụ egosiwo na ogige ndị a nwere ike ịghọ ihe oriri nke osisi intestinal. N'otu aka ahụ, ihe ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe nwere ike ịdaba n'ime obere ihe na-arụ ọrụ molekụla dị ka SCFA maka ntinye mmadụ na itinye n'ọrụ na ntinye nke osisi intestinal. N'aka nke ọzọ, ihe ndị a nwekwara ike ịhazi osisi intestinal, na-akwalite uto nke microorganisms bara uru na-emepụta ihe ndị dị ka SCFA ma gbochie uto nke microorganisms na-emerụ ahụ na-emepụta ihe ndị dị ka LPS.
Koropatkin et al chọpụtara na ahịhịa intestinal nwere ike metabolize polysaccharides na tii n'ime metabolites nke abụọ nke SCFA na-achịkwa site na mmebi nke mbụ na mmebi nke abụọ. Ke adianade do, tii polyphenols na eriri afọ nke na-adịghị ozugbo etinye obi gị dum na tinye n'ọrụ site na ahụ mmadụ nwere ike mgbe a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ aromatic ogige, phenolic acid na ndị ọzọ bekee n'okpuru edinam nke eriri afọ flora, nke mere na-egosi elu physiological ọrụ maka mmadụ absorption. na itinye n'ọrụ.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ọmụmụ ekwenyela na tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya na-achịkwa flora eriri afọ site na ịnọgide na-enwe ụdị dị iche iche nke eriri afọ, na-akwalite uto nke nje bacteria bara uru na igbochi nje bacteria na-emerụ ahụ, ka ọ na-achịkwa microbial metabolites maka ịmịnye mmadụ na itinye n'ọrụ, na-enye egwuregwu zuru oke. maka mkpa ahụike tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya. Ejikọtara ya na nyocha akwụkwọ, usoro tii, ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya na osisi intestinal na-emetụta ahụike ndị ọbịa nwere ike pụta ìhè n'akụkụ atọ ndị a.
1. Tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya - flora intestinal - SCFAs - usoro nhazi nke ahụike ndị ọbịa.
Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke osisi intestinal dị okpukpu 150 karịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa mmadụ. Ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị iche iche nke microorganisms na-eme ka ọ nwee enzymes na biochemical metabolic paths nke onye ọbịa na-enweghị, ma nwee ike itinye ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke enzymes nke ahụ mmadụ na-enweghị iji gbanwee polysaccharides n'ime monosaccharides na SCFA.
A na-etolite SCFA site na gbaa ụka na ngbanwe nke nri a na-agbarighị n'ime eriri afọ. Ọ bụ isi metabolite nke microorganisms na njedebe dị anya nke eriri afọ, ọkachasị gụnyere acetic acid, propionic acid na butyric acid. A na-ewere SCFA dị ka njikọ chiri anya na glucose na metabolism lipid, mbufụt nke eriri afọ, mgbochi eriri afọ, mmegharị eriri afọ na ọrụ mgbochi. N'ime ụdị colitis nke dextran sodium sulfate kpatara, tii nwere ike ịbawanye ụbara nke SCFA na-emepụta microorganisms na eriri afọ òké ma na-abawanye ọdịnaya nke acetic acid, propionic acid na butyric acid na feces, iji belata mbufụt nke eriri afọ. Pu'er tii polysaccharide nwere ike na-achịkwa ahịhịa intestinal nke ukwuu, kwalite uto nke SCFA na-emepụta microorganisms na ịbawanye ọdịnaya nke SCFA na nsị òké. Dị ka polysaccharides, oriri nke tii polyphenols nwekwara ike ime ka mkpokọta SCFA dịkwuo elu ma kwalite uto nke SCFA na-emepụta microorganisms. N'otu oge ahụ, Wang et al chọpụtara na oriri nke thearubicin nwere ike ịbawanye ụba nke osisi intestinal na-emepụta SCFA, na-akwalite nhazi nke SCFA na colon, karịsịa nguzobe nke butyric acid, na-akwalite beige nke abụba na-acha ọcha ma melite mkpasu iwe. nsogbu nke nri nwere nnukwu abụba kpatara.
Ya mere, tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya nwere ike ịkwalite uto na mmepụta nke SCFA na-emepụta microorganisms site n'ịchịkwa flora intestinal, ka iwelie ọdịnaya nke SCFA n'ime ahụ ma rụọ ọrụ ahụ ike kwekọrọ.

2. Tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya - flora intestinal - bas - usoro nhazi nke ahụike ndị ọbịa.
Bile acid (BAS) bụ ụdị ọzọ nke ogige nwere mmetụta dị mma na ahụike mmadụ, nke hepatocytes na-emepụta. Acids bile bụ isi nke arụkọtara na imeju jikọtara ya na taurine na glycine ma na-ezobe ya n'ime eriri afọ. Mgbe ahụ usoro mmeghachi omume dị ka dehydroxylation, isomerization dị iche iche na oxidation na-eme n'okpuru ọrụ nke osisi intestinal, n'ikpeazụkwa, a na-emepụta bile acid nke abụọ. Ya mere, osisi intestinal na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na metabolism nke bas.
Na mgbakwunye, mgbanwe nke BAS nwekwara njikọ chiri anya na glucose na metabolism lipid, mgbochi eriri afọ na ọkwa mkpali. Nnyocha e mere egosiwo na tii Pu'er na theabrownin nwere ike ibelata cholesterol na lipid site na igbochi microorganisms metụtara ọrụ bile salt hydrolase (BSH) na ịbawanye ọkwa nke bile acids n'ụlọ. Site na nchịkwa ọnụ nke EGCG na caffeine, Zhu et al. Achọpụtara na ọrụ tii n'ibelata abụba na ọnwụ dị arọ nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na EGCG na caffeine nwere ike imeziwanye nkwupụta nke bile saline lyase BSH gene of intestinal flora, kwalite mmepụta nke bile acid na-abụghị conjugated, gbanwee ọdọ mmiri bile acid, wee gbochie oke ibu. na-ebute site na nri nwere oke abụba.
Ya mere, tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya nwere ike ịhazi uto na mmeputakwa nke microorganisms nwere njikọ chiri anya na metabolism nke BAS, wee gbanwee ọdọ mmiri bile acid n'ime ahụ, ka ọ wee rụọ ọrụ nke iwetulata lipid na mbelata ibu.
3. Tea na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya - osisi intestinal - metabolites intestinal ndị ọzọ - usoro nchịkwa nke ahụike ndị ọbịa.
LPS, nke a makwaara dị ka endotoxin, bụ akụkụ dịpụrụ adịpụ nke mgbidi cell nke nje bacteria Gram-negative. Nnyocha egosiwo na ọrịa nke eriri afọ nke eriri afọ ga-eme ka mmebi nke ihe mgbochi eriri afọ, LPS na-abanye na mgbasa ozi ndị ọbịa, wee na-eduga n'ọtụtụ mmeghachi omume mkpali. Zuo Gaolong et al. Achọpụtara na Fuzhuan Tea belatara nke ukwuu ọkwa nke serum LPS na oke nwere ọrịa imeju abụba na-adịghị egbu egbu, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nje gram-adịghị mma na eriri afọ belatara nke ukwuu. A kọwakwuru na Fuzhuan Tea nwere ike igbochi uto nke nje bacteria na-adịghị mma na-emepụta LPS n'ime eriri afọ.
Na mgbakwunye, tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya nwekwara ike ịhazi ọdịnaya nke metabolites dị iche iche nke ahịhịa eriri afọ site na intestinal flora, dị ka fatty acids, branched chain amino acid, vitamin K2 na ihe ndị ọzọ, ka mezie glucose na lipid metabolism. ma chebe ọkpụkpụ.

04
Mmechi
Dị ka otu n'ime ihe ọṅụṅụ na-ewu ewu n'ụwa, a na-amụ ọrụ ahụike nke tii na sel, anụmanụ na ọbụna ahụ mmadụ. N'oge gara aga, a na-echekarị na ọrụ ahụike nke tii na-abụkarị sterilization, mgbochi mkpali, mgbochi oxidation na ihe ndị ọzọ.
N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọmụmụ banyere ahịhịa eriri afọ ejirila nke nta nke nta dọta mmasị dị ukwuu. Site na mbụ "ọrịa intestinal flora" nke mbụ ruo ugbu a "ọrịa intestinal flora intestinal metabolites", ọ na-akọwapụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọrịa na osisi eriri afọ. Otú ọ dị, ugbu a, nnyocha e mere na ụkpụrụ nke tii na ya na-arụ ọrụ na osisi na eriri afọ na-elekwasịkarị anya n'ịchịkwa ọrịa nke eriri afọ nke eriri afọ, na-akwalite uto nke nje bacteria bara uru ma na-egbochi uto nke nje bacteria na-emerụ ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na enweghi nyocha banyere ọrịa ahụ. mmekọrịta dị n'etiti tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya na-achịkwa osisi intestinal na ahụike ndị ọbịa.
Ya mere, dabere na nchịkọta usoro nke ọmụmụ ihe dị mkpa n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, akwụkwọ a na-emepụta echiche bụ isi nke "tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya - flora intestinal - intestinal metabolites - ahụike ndị ọbịa", iji nye echiche ọhụrụ maka ọmụmụ ihe gbasara ọrụ ahụike. tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya.
N'ihi usoro edoghị anya nke "tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya - osisi intestinal - metabolites intestinal - ahụike ndị ọbịa", atụmanya mmepe ahịa nke tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya dị ka prebiotics nwere oke. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a chọpụtala na "nzaghachi ọgwụ n'otu n'otu" nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọdịiche nke osisi intestinal. N'otu oge ahụ, na atụmatụ nke echiche nke "ezigbo ọgwụ", "nri nri ziri ezi" na "nri ziri ezi", a na-etinye ihe ndị dị elu chọrọ maka ịkọwapụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti "tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya - flora intestinal - metabolites intestinal - ahụike ndị ọbịa”. N'ime nyocha nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu, ndị na-eme nchọpụta kwesịrị dokwuo anya mmekọrịta dị n'etiti tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya na intestinal flora site n'enyemaka nke nkà mmụta sayensị dị elu karị, dị ka nchikota multi-group (dị ka macrogenome na metabolome). Achọpụtara ọrụ ahụike nke tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya site n'iji usoro nke ikewapụ na ịdị ọcha nke eriri afọ na ụmụ oke na-adịghị ọcha. Ọ bụ ezie na usoro tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya na-achịkwa ahịhịa eriri afọ na-emetụta ahụ ike ndị ọbịa adịghị anya, ihe ịrụ ụka adịghị ya na mmetụta nchịkwa nke tii na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ya na osisi intestinal bụ ihe dị mkpa na-ebu maka ọrụ ahụ ike ya.