Kev tswj hwm tsob ntoo tshuaj yej yog hais txog kev cog qoob loo thiab kev tswj hwm kev ntsuas rau cov ntoo tshuaj yej, suav nrog pruning, kev tswj hwm tsob ntoo lub cev, thiab kev tswj dej thiab chiv hauv cov tshuaj yej lub vaj, txhawm rau txhim kho tshuaj yej tawm los thiab zoo thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws tshuaj yej vaj.

Pruning ntawm tshuaj yej tsob ntoo

Thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tshuaj yej tsob ntoo, lawv muaj cuab kev zoo tshaj plaws. Pruning tuaj yeem hloov kho cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, nce branching cov ntoo ntom ntom, thiab yog li txhim kho cov khoom zoo thiab tawm los ntawm cov tshuaj yej.

Txawm li cas los xij, pruning ntawm tshuaj yej tsob ntoo tsis kho. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau hloov pauv txoj kev pruning thiab sij hawm raws li ntau yam, theem kev loj hlob, thiab ib puag ncig kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov tshuaj yej tsob ntoo, txiav txim siab pruning qhov tob thiab zaus, xyuas kom muaj kev loj hlob zoo ntawm cov ntoo tshuaj yej, txhawb kev loj hlob tshiab, thiab txhim kho tshuaj yej zoo thiab yield. .

Nruab nrab pruning

Nruab nrabtshuaj yej pruningyuav tsum tau ua raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob thiab cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj yej nplooj kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj yej ntoo thiab txhawb lawv txoj kev loj hlob zoo.

Tom qab shaping thiab pruning,cov hluas tshuaj yej ntootuaj yeem tswj kev loj hlob ntau dhau ntawm cov tshuaj yej tsob ntoo, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm ceg ntoo, ua kom tsob ntoo dav, thiab pab ua kom tiav thaum ntxov thiab muaj txiaj ntsig siab.

Raumature tshuaj yej ntooharvested ntau zaus, lub crown nto yog uneven. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm buds thiab nplooj, lub teeb pruning yog siv los tshem tawm 3-5 cm ntawm nplooj ntsuab thiab cov ceg tsis sib xws ntawm lub crown saum npoo, thiaj li yuav txhawb cov germination ntawm tshiab tua.

Lub teeb pruning thiab sib sib zog nqus pruning ntawmhluas thiab nruab nrab-hnub tshuaj yej ntooNws tuaj yeem tshem tawm "cov ceg tawv nqaij qaib", ua kom lub ntsej muag ntawm cov tshuaj yej tsob ntoo tiaj tus, nthuav cov ntoo dav, inhibit kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj yej tsob ntoo, txhim khu lub peev xwm sprouting ntawm tsob ntoo tshuaj yej, thiab yog li nce yield. Feem ntau, kev sib sib zog nqus pruning yog nqa tawm txhua 3-5 xyoos, siv lub tshuab pruning tshem tawm 10-15 cm ntawm cov ceg thiab nplooj nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm tsob ntoo ntoo. Pruned ntoo crown nto yog nkhaus los txhim khu lub peev xwm sprouting ntawm ceg.

Raulaus tshuaj yej ntoo, pruning tuaj yeem nqa tawm kom hloov pauv tsob ntoo ntoo qauv. Kev txiav qhov siab ntawm tsob ntoo tshuaj yej feem ntau nyob ntawm 8-10 cm saum toj no hauv av, thiab nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias cov ntug txiav yog inclined thiab du thiaj li yuav txhawb cov germination ntawm latent buds ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm tshuaj yej tsob ntoo.

Kev kho kom raug

Tom qab pruning, cov as-ham noj ntawm tshuaj yej tsob ntoo yuav ho nce. Thaum cov ntoo tshuaj yej tsis muaj zaub mov txaus, txawm tias pruning lawv tsuas yog siv cov as-ham ntxiv, yog li ua kom lawv cov txheej txheem poob qis.

Tom qab pruning nyob rau hauv tshuaj yej vaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, organic chiv thiab phosphorus poov tshuajchivtuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog kev sib sib zog nqus plowing ntawm kab hauv lub vaj tshuaj yej. Feem ntau hais lus, rau txhua txhua 667 square metres ntawm cov nroj tsuag paub tab, yuav tsum tau siv ntxiv 1500 kg lossis ntau dua ntawm cov organic chiv, ua ke nrog 40-60 kg ntawm phosphorus thiab potassium chiv, kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntoo tshuaj yej tuaj yeem rov zoo thiab loj hlob. noj qab nyob zoo. Fertilization yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov tseeb kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj yej tsob ntoo, xyuam xim rau qhov sib npaug ntawm nitrogen, phosphorus, thiab poov tshuaj ntsiab lus, thiab siv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm chiv los pab pruned tshuaj yej tsob ntoo kom rov ua tau sai dua.

Rau cov ntoo tshuaj yej uas tau dhau los ua qauv pruning, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "ua kom ntau thiab sau tsawg" yuav tsum tau saws, nrog rau kev cog qoob loo raws li lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab kev sau qoob loo ntxiv; Tom qab sib sib zog nqus pruning, cov neeg laus cov tshuaj yej tsob ntoo yuav tsum khaws qee cov ceg raws li qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm pruning, thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov ceg los ntawm kev tuav. Rau lub hauv paus no, prune cov ceg txuas ntxiv uas yuav loj hlob tom qab cog qoob loo tshiab xaiv qhov chaw. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj yej tsob ntoo uas tau txiav txim siab heev yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau 1-2 lub caij ua ntej nkag mus rau lub teeb sau qoob loo thiab muab rov qab rau hauv kev tsim khoom. Kev tsis saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm lossis kev sau qoob loo ntau dhau tom qab pruning tuaj yeem ua rau poob ntxov ntxov ntawm cov tshuaj yej tsob ntoo loj hlob.

Tom qabpruning tshuaj yej ntoo, cov qhov txhab raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, pruned tshiab tua tuav zoo rhiab heev ceg thiab nplooj, muab ib tug haum zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm kab tsuag thiab kab mob. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj kab tsuag kom raws sijhawm yog qhov tseem ceeb tom qab tshuaj yej tsob ntoo pruning.

Tom qab pruning tshuaj yej tsob ntoo, qhov txhab yog raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, pruned tshiab tua tuav zoo rhiab heev ceg thiab nplooj, muab ib tug haum zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm kab tsuag thiab kab mob. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj kab tsuag kom raws sijhawm yog qhov tseem ceeb tom qab tshuaj yej tsob ntoo pruning.

Rau cov ntoo tshuaj yej uas tau txiav los yog pruned, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nplooj loj loj cog nyob rau sab qab teb, nws raug nquahu kom txau Bordeaux sib tov los yog fungicides rau ntawm ntug txiav kom tsis txhob kis kab mob. Rau cov tshuaj yej tsob ntoo nyob rau hauv lub regeneration theem ntawm tshiab tua, kev tiv thaiv raws sij hawm thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm kab tsuag thiab kab mob xws li aphids, tshuaj yej leafhoppers, tshuaj yej geometrids, thiab tshuaj yej xeb ntawm cov tshiab tua yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tshiab tua.