Tshuaj yej yog ib qho ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb cov dej haus loj, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv polyphenols, nrog antioxidant, tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav, tiv thaiv kab mob, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic thiab lwm yam kev ua ub no thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Tshuaj yej tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov tshuaj yej uas tsis yog fermented, fermented tshuaj yej thiab tom qab fermented tshuaj yej raws li nws cov txheej txheem technology thiab degree ntawm fermentation. Tom qab fermented tshuaj yej yog hais txog tshuaj yej nrog microbial kev koom tes hauv fermentation, xws li Pu 'er siav tshuaj yej, Fu Brick tshuaj yej, Liubao tshuaj yej ua nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, Thiab Kippukucha, Saryusoso, Yamabukinadeshiko, Suraribijin thiab Kuroyamecha ua nyob rau hauv Nyiv. Cov tshuaj yej microbial fermented no nyiam los ntawm tib neeg rau lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv xws li txo cov ntshav rog, ntshav qab zib thiab roj cholesterol.

Tom qab microbial fermentation, tshuaj yej polyphenols hauv tshuaj yej yog hloov los ntawm enzymes thiab ntau polyphenols nrog cov qauv tshiab yog tsim. Teadenol A thiab Teadenol B yog polyphenol derivatives cais los ntawm fermented tshuaj yej nrog Aspergillus sp (PK-1, FARM AP-21280). Hauv kev tshawb fawb tom ntej, nws tau pom muaj ntau ntawm cov tshuaj yej fermented. Teadenols muaj ob lub stereoisomers, cis-Teadenol A thiab trans-Teadenol B. Molecular mis C14H12O6, molecular hnyav 276.06, [MH]-275.0562, cov qauv qauv yog qhia hauv daim duab 1. Teadenols muaj pawg cyclic zoo ib yam li lub nplhaib thiab nplhaib qauv ntawm flavane 3-cawv thiab yog b-ntiv nplhaib fission catechins derivatives. Teadenol A thiab Teadenol B tuaj yeem ua rau biosynthesized los ntawm EGCG thiab GCG feem.

Hauv cov kev tshawb fawb tom ntej, nws tau pom tias Teadenols muaj cov haujlwm lom neeg xws li txhawb nqa adiponectin secretion, inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) qhia thiab whitening, uas nyiam cov neeg tshawb fawb ntau. Adiponectin yog ib qho tshwj xeeb polypeptide rau cov ntaub so ntswg adipose, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob metabolic hauv hom II mob ntshav qab zib. PTP1B tam sim no tau lees paub tias yog lub hom phiaj kho mob ntshav qab zib thiab rog rog, qhia tias Teadenols muaj peev xwm ua rau cov ntshav qab zib thiab poob phaus.

Hauv daim ntawv no, cov ntsiab lus tshawb nrhiav, biosynthesis, tag nrho cov synthesis thiab bioactivity ntawm Teadenols hauv microbial fermented tshuaj yej raug tshuaj xyuas, txhawm rau muab kev tshawb fawb thiab theoretical siv rau kev txhim kho thiab siv Teadenols.

▲ TA daim duab

01

Kev tshawb pom ntawm Teadenols hauv microbial fermented tshuaj yej

Tom qab Teadenols tau txais los ntawm Aspergillus SP (PK-1, FARM AP-21280) fermented tshuaj yej thawj zaug, HPLC thiab LC-MS / MS cov tswv yim tau siv los kawm Teadenols hauv ntau hom tshuaj yej. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias Teadenols feem ntau muaj nyob hauv cov tshuaj yej microbial fermented.

▲ TA, TB kua chromatogram

▲ Mass spectrometry ntawm microbial fermented tshuaj yej thiab TA thiab TB

Aspergillus oryzae SP.PK-1, FARM AP-21280, Aspergillus oryzae sp.AO-1, ​​NBRS 4214, Aspergillus awamori sp.SK-1, Aspergillus oryzae Sp.AO-1, ​​NBRS 4214, Aspergillus 1 SK-1 , ZPO 4122), Eurotium sp. Ka-1, FARM AP-21291, Qhov sib txawv ntawm Teadenols tau kuaj pom hauv cov tshuaj yej fermented Kippukucha, Saryusoso, Yamabukinadeshiko, Suraribijin thiab Kuroyamecha, gentoku-cha muag hauv Nyiv, thiab hauv cov tshuaj yej siav ntawm Pu erh, Liubao tshuaj yej thiab Fu cib. tshuaj yej ntawm Tuam Tshoj.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Teadenols nyob rau hauv txawv teas yog txawv, uas yog speculated los ntawm cov kev sib txawv ua hauj lwm thiab fermentation tej yam kev mob.

Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau pom tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm Teadenols hauv cov tshuaj yej nplooj tsis muaj microbial fermentation ua, xws li tshuaj yej ntsuab, tshuaj yej dub, oolong tshuaj yej thiab tshuaj yej dawb, yog tsawg heev, nyob rau hauv qis dua qhov kev kuaj pom. Teadenol cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ntau yam tshuaj yej nplooj yog qhia nyob rau hauv Table 1.

02

Bioactivity ntawm Teadenols

Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias Teadenols tuaj yeem txhawb kev poob phaus, tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib, tiv thaiv oxidation, inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer thiab cov tawv nqaij dawb.

Teadenol A tuaj yeem txhawb nqa adiponectin secretion. Adiponectin yog endogenous peptide secreted los ntawm adipocytes thiab tshwj xeeb heev rau cov ntaub so ntswg adipose. Nws muaj qhov tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub so ntswg visceral adipose thiab muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tiv thaiv atherosclerotic. Yog li Teadenol A muaj peev xwm poob phaus.

Teadenol A kuj inhibits qhov kev qhia ntawm protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), A classic non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase nyob rau hauv cov protein tyrosine phosphatase tsev neeg, uas plays lub luag hauj lwm tsis zoo ntawm insulin signaling thiab tam sim no lees paub tias yog lub hom phiaj kho mob ntshav qab zib. Teadenol A tuaj yeem tswj cov tshuaj insulin zoo los ntawm inhibiting PTP1B qhia. Meanwhile, TOMOTAKA et al. qhia tau hais tias Teadenol A yog ib lub ligand ntawm ntev-chain fatty acid receptor GPR120, uas tuaj yeem khi ncaj qha thiab qhib GPR120 thiab txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm insulin hormone GLP-1 hauv plab hnyuv endocrine STC-1 hlwb. Glp-1 inhibits qab los noj mov thiab nce insulin secretion, qhia txog kev tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib. Yog li ntawd, Teadenol A muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib.

IC50 qhov tseem ceeb ntawm DPPH scavenging kev ua si thiab superoxide anion radical scavenging kev ua si ntawm Teadenol A yog 64.8 μg / mL thiab 3.335 mg / mL, feem. IC50 qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov khoom muaj peev xwm antioxidant thiab hydrogen muaj peev xwm yog 17.6 U / mL thiab 12 U / mL, feem. Nws kuj tau pom tias cov tshuaj yej Extract muaj Teadenol B muaj kev tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm HT-29 cov kab mob qog noj ntshav, thiab inhibits HT-29 cov kab mob qog noj ntshav los ntawm kev nce qib ntawm caspase-3/7, caspase-8 thiab Caspase. -9, receptor tuag thiab mitochondrial apoptosis txoj hauv kev.

Tsis tas li ntawd, Teadenols yog ib chav kawm ntawm polyphenols uas tuaj yeem ua kom tawv nqaij dawb los ntawm inhibiting melanocyte kev ua thiab melanin synthesis.

03

Lub synthesis ntawm Teadenols

Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb hauv Table 1, Teadenols hauv microbial fermentation tshuaj yej muaj cov ntsiab lus qis thiab tus nqi siab ntawm enrichment thiab purification, uas yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tshawb fawb tob thiab kev txhim kho daim ntawv thov. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb fawb txog kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj no los ntawm ob qho kev qhia ntawm biotransformation thiab tshuaj synthesis.

WULANDARI et al. Iniculated Aspergillus SP (PK-1, FARM AP-21280) nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tov ntawm sterilized EGCG thiab GCG. Tom qab 2 lub lis piam ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm 25 ℃, HPLC tau siv los tshuaj xyuas cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab. Tedenol A thiab Teadenol B tau kuaj pom. Tom qab ntawd, Aspergillus oryzae A. Awamori (NRIB-2061) thiab Aspergillus oryzae A. Kawachii (IFO-4308) tau inoculated rau hauv A sib tov ntawm autoclave EGCG thiab GCG, feem, siv tib txoj kev. Teadenol A thiab Teadenol B tau kuaj pom hauv ob qho tib si nruab nrab. Cov kev tshawb fawb no tau pom tias kev hloov pauv microbial ntawm EGCG thiab GCG tuaj yeem tsim Teadenol A thiab Teadenol B. SONG li al. siv EGCG ua raw khoom thiab inoculated Aspergillus sp los kawm txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau Teadenol A thiab Teadenol B zus tau tej cov kua thiab khoom kab lis kev cai. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov hloov kho CZapEK-DOX nruab nrab uas muaj 5% EGCG thiab 1% tshuaj yej ntsuab hmoov muaj cov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws. Nws tau pom tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj yej ntsuab tsis cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev tsim cov Teadenol A thiab Teadenol B, tab sis feem ntau ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm biosynthase koom nrog. Tsis tas li ntawd, YOSHIDA et al. ua ke Teadenol A thiab Teadenol B los ntawm phloroglucinol. Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas yog asymmetric α -aminoxy catalytic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov organic catalytic aldehydes thiab intramolecular allyl hloov ntawm palladium-catalyzed phenol.

▲ Electron microscopy ntawm tshuaj yej fermentation txheej txheem

04

Kev tshawb fawb ntawm Teadenols

Vim nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, Teadenols tau siv rau hauv kev siv tshuaj, khoom noj thiab pub, tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab lwm yam haujlwm.

Muaj cov khoom muaj feem xyuam nrog Teadenols hauv cov zaub mov, xws li Japanese Slimming Tea thiab fermented tshuaj yej polyphenols. Tsis tas li ntawd, Yanagida et al. paub tseeb tias cov tshuaj yej extracts uas muaj Teadenol A thiab Teadenol B tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua zaub mov, khoom noj khoom haus, tshuaj noj, tsiaj pub thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce. ITO et al. npaj cov tshuaj pleev ib ce ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas muaj Teadenols nrog cov nyhuv whitening, dawb radical inhibition thiab anti-wrinkle nyhuv. Nws kuj muaj cov teebmeem ntawm kev kho pob txuv, moisturizing, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, inhibiting uV-derived o thiab tiv thaiv qhov mob.

Hauv Suav teb, Teadenols hu ua fu tshuaj yej. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb txog tshuaj yej extracts los yog cov qauv tshuaj uas muaj fu tshuaj yej A thiab Fu tshuaj yej B hais txog kev txo cov ntshav lipids, poob phaus, ntshav qab zib, kub siab thiab ua kom cov hlab ntsha mos. High-purity fu tshuaj yej A purified thiab npaj los ntawm Zhao Ming li al. tuaj yeem siv rau kev npaj cov tshuaj antilipid. He Zhihong et al. ua tshuaj yej capsules, ntsiav tshuaj los yog granules uas muaj anhua tsaus tshuaj yej ntawm Fu A thiab Fu B, gynostema pentaphylla, Rhizoma orientalis, ophiopogon thiab lwm yam tshuaj thiab zaub mov homology khoom, uas muaj pom tseeb thiab kav ntev los ntawm kev poob phaus thiab lipid txo rau txhua yam rog. neeg. Tan Xiao 'ao npaj cov tshuaj yej fuzhuan nrog fuzhuan A thiab Fuzhuan B, uas yog ib qho yooj yim kom nqus tau los ntawm tib neeg lub cev thiab muaj kev pom tseeb los ntawm kev txo qis hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, kub siab thiab softening cov hlab ntsha.

05

“Liab

Teadenols yog b-ring fission catechin derivatives uas muaj nyob rau hauv microbial fermented tshuaj yej, uas tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm microbial transformation ntawm epigallocatechin gallate los yog los ntawm tag nrho cov synthesis ntawm phloroglucinol. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias Teadenols muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam microbial fermented teas. Cov khoom lag luam suav nrog Aspergillus Niger fermented tshuaj yej, Aspergillus oryzae fermented tshuaj yej, Aspergillus oryzae fermented tshuaj yej, Sachinella fermented tshuaj yej, Kippukucha (Nyiv), Saryusoso (Nyiv), Yamabukinadeshiko (Nyiv), Suraribijin (Jamechaan (Jameto)), chaw (Japan), Awa-Bancha (Nyiv), Goishi-cha (Nyiv), Pu'er tshuaj yej, Liubao tshuaj yej thiab Fu Brick tshuaj yej, tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm Teadenols nyob rau hauv ntau yam tshuaj yej yog txawv heev. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Teadenol A thiab B yog li ntawm 0.01% mus rau 6.98% thiab 0.01% mus rau 0.54%, feem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, oolong, dawb, ntsuab thiab dub tshuaj yej tsis muaj cov tshuaj no.

Raws li qhov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no muaj kev txhawj xeeb, kev tshawb fawb ntawm Teadenols tseem txwv, tsuas yog muaj cov ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab lus, biosynthesis thiab tag nrho cov txheej txheem hluavtaws, thiab nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqis tes ua thiab kev loj hlob thiab daim ntawv thov tseem xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntau. Nrog rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv, Teadenols compounds yuav muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua kev txhim kho thiab nthuav dav daim ntawv thov.