Tshuaj yej dovhais txog cov txheej txheem uas cov tshuaj yej nplooj tau dov mus rau hauv ib daim hlab nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub zog, thiab cov nplooj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg raug puas tsuaj, uas ua rau cov dej ntws ntawm cov tshuaj yej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb txheej txheem rau kev tsim ntawm ntau hom tshuaj yej thiab tsim cov saj thiab aroma. Qib ntawm dov feem ntau yog ntsuas los ntawm "cov ntaub so ntswg puas tsuaj", "strip rate", thiab "tawg tshuaj yej tus nqi". Thaum dov, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov kub dov thiab txias dov, thiab yuav tsum xyuam xim rau lub zog ntawm dov lub sij hawm thiab siab ntawm dov thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm.

Kub thiab txias dov

Qhov hu ua kub dov yog hais txog dov cov nplooj withered thaum lawv tseem kub, tsis txias rau lawv; Qhov hu ua txias dov yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm dov nplooj ntsuab tom qab lawv tau muab tshem tawm ntawm lub lauj kaub thiab tso cai rau txias rau ib lub sij hawm kom txog rau thaum qhov kub ntawm nplooj poob mus rau chav tsev kub. Rolling tso cai rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm nplooj hlwb (xws li cov proteins, pectin, starch, thiab lwm yam) nkag mus rau saum npoo ntawm nplooj. Cov ntsiab lus no muaj viscosity ntawm qee cov dej noo, uas yog qhov zoo rau dov tshuaj yej nplooj rau hauv ib daim hlab thiab ntxiv kho lawv cov duab thaum lub sij hawm ziab. Nplooj nrog ntau theem ntawm lub hnub nyoog thiab rhiab heev muaj txawv branching yam ntxwv. Nplooj nrog siab rhiab heev yog yooj yim rau kev tsim ib daim hlab thaum dov vim lawv cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj cellulose thiab cov ntsiab lus pectin siab; Cov nplooj qub muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ntau, thiab dov lawv thaum lawv kub yog qhov zoo rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab txuas ntxiv gelatinization thiab sib tov zoo nrog lwm cov tshuaj, yog li ua kom cov viscosity ntawm nplooj nplooj. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tshav kub, cellulose softens thiab yooj yim daim ntawv strips. Tab sis qhov tsis zoo ntawm kub dov yog feem ntau cov nplooj xim yog nquag yellowing thiab muaj dej stagnation. Yog li ntawd, rau kev sib tw nplooj, lawv nquag tsim ib daim hlab thaum dov. Txhawm rau kom muaj xim zoo thiab aroma, txias dov yuav tsum tau siv; Rau cov laus laus laus, dov lawv thaum lawv kub tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua. Txawm hais tias kub dov muaj kev cuam tshuam rau xim thiab aroma, cov nplooj laus twb muaj qhov qis dua thiab muaj xim ntsuab. Kub dov poob qee cov chlorophyll, uas tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam me ntsis rau lawv cov xim, tab sis qee zaum ua rau hauv qab ntawm nplooj ci dua. Yog li ntawd, cov nplooj laus yuav tsum raug kub dov. Feem ntau pom cov nplooj tshiab nrog ib lub paj, ob nplooj, thiab peb nplooj yog me ntsis rhiab thiab yuav tsum tau maj mam kneaded. Cov nplooj ntsuab yuav tsum tau kis me ntsis thiab kneaded thaum lawv tseem sov. Kev paub txog kev kub thiab txias dov yuav tsum nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.

Rolling lub sij hawm thiab siab

Ob qho tib si zoo sib xws thiab yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ua ke, hais txog qhov tsuas yog ib qho tsis txaus. Feem ntau, muaj ib qho xwm txheej uas lub sij hawm dov tsis ntev, tab sis vim yog siab dhau, cov stems thiab nplooj nyias nyias, thiab cov nplooj dov tawg ua ntej lawv ua ib daim hlab. Lub dov ntawm nplooj yuav tsum ua tiav ib qho ntawm tes tawg tus nqi thaum tswj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov strands, thiab tus nqi sawb yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Kev sib tw buds thiab taw tes seedlings yuav tsum tau khaws cia thiab tsis tawg. Ntxiv rau qhov tsim nyog ntawm nplooj, nws yuav tsum yog "lub sijhawm yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau thiab lub siab yuav tsum tsim nyog". Yog tias lub siab tsis tsim nyog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws hnyav dhau, cov nyhuv dov yuav tsis yooj yim los lav. Vim tias nyob rau hauv siab dhau lawm, lub buds thiab nplooj yuav inevitably tawg thiab tawg tom qab ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Txawm hais tias lub sij hawm dov rau cov nplooj siab tshaj plaws yog teem rau ntawm 20-30 feeb, nws yog feem ntau tsis pom zoo kom siv lub siab lossis tsuas yog lub teeb siab tuaj yeem siv tau; Yog tias hom nplooj siab no raug rau siab dhau lawm, nws yuav ua rau cov tshuaj yej tsis tiav thiab tawg cov noob tom qab 15-20 feeb ntawm kneading. Yog li, thaum kneading kev sib tw nplooj, lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau guaranteed tsis siv lub siab los yog siv lub teeb siab, thiab lub kneading lub sij hawm yuav luv heev. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb txhais tau tias kom paub meej tias "nws yuav tsum tau kneaded kom huv si, tsis tu ncua tawg mus rau hauv ib daim hlab, thiab ceev ceev". Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, dov cov nplooj laus yog qhov nyuaj kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm dov yam tsis siv lub siab hnyav.

Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab txo qis kev siv zog, ntau hom kev sib dhostshuaj yej rollerthiab tag nrho tsis siv neegtshuaj yej dov ntau lawm kabtau tsim, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav tsis siv neeg qhib, hnyav thiab pub mis, kaw, nias, thiab tso tawm thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem. Cov txheej txheem tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho kom ua tau zoo dua tuaj yeem tswj tau. Los ntawm kev siv PLC tsis siv neeg tswj thev naus laus zis thiab siv ntau lub tshuab txuas daim ntawv ntawm dov thiab twisting, kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm ntau lub tshuab pub noj thiab kev ua haujlwm dov tau tiav. Tab sis hom dov thiab twisting chav tsev no tseem yuav tsum tau mus los ntawm kev kaw thiab cov hniav noj, thiab tsuas yog ua tiav cov kev sib tshuam tsis tu ncua.

TSEEM CEEB: Ntsuab tshuaj yej dov yuav tsum tau paub txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm maj mam dov ntawm cov nplooj sib tw thiab hnyav dov ntawm cov nplooj qub
Qhov hnyav, ntev, thiab txoj kev dov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj yej ntsuab. Yog tias siv zog ntau dhau lawm, cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yuav dhau mus, thiab qee cov flavonoids tau yooj yim oxidized los ua cov xim av xim av, uas ua rau cov xim ntawm cov nplooj nplooj; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim qhov nce ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm tes, cov kua zaub xim yog tuab tab sis tsis ci txaus. Yog tias lub sijhawm kneading ntev dhau lawm, cov tshuaj polyphenolic yog qhov ua rau oxidation tshwm sim ntawm chav tsev kub, ua rau cov kua zaub xim daj; Txawm li cas los xij, kev dov tsis txaus ua rau muaj qhov sib dua thiab xim, uas tsis tuaj yeem tsim kom nruj thiab tawm ntawm cov tshuaj yej ntsuab, txo nws qhov zoo sab nraud. Yog li ntawd, sib txawv dov thiab twisting txoj kev thaum lub sij hawm ua tau txawv los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj yej.