ʻO nā amino acids nā mea ʻono nui i ke kī. I ka hana ana omīkini hana kī, e hiki mai ana nā hopena enzymatic a i ʻole non-enzymatic a hoʻololi ʻia i mau mea nui o ka ʻala kī a me nā puaʻa. I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa he 26 amino acids i loko o ke kī, me 20 mau ʻakika amino i loaʻa mai i ka protein a me 6 mau waikawa amino i loaʻa ʻole i ka protein.

1. Nā hopena o nā kumuwaiwai kī germplasm i ka synthesis, metabolism a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā waikawa amino kī

ʻOkoʻa ka ʻike o nā waikawa amino, ʻoi aku ka theanine, ma waena o nā ʻano kumulāʻau kī. Hoʻonui ka nui o nā ʻano lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ke kūlana lau o hoʻokahi lau, ʻelua lau, a me ʻekolu lau, a ʻo ka ʻike o ka theanine i nā ʻōpuʻu ʻōpio ke kiʻekiʻe loa.

2. ʻO ka mana o ke kaiapuni hana i ka synthesis, metabolism a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā waikawa amino kī

I ka punawai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahiʻohi kīr e ohi koke i na lau ti. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻakika amino o ka puna kī ma mua o ke kī o ke kauwela. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ka māmā ikaika a me ka wela kiʻekiʻe i ke kauwela e alakaʻi i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka lāʻau kī nitrogen metabolism a me ka hydrolysis theanine ikaika a me ka hiki ke hoʻololi, e hopena i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka waikawa amino i nā ʻōpiopio i ke kauwela.

3. Nā hopena o ka ʻenehana hana ʻenehana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka synthesis, metabolism a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā waikawa amino kī

ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻiʻo amino acid o ke kī i ka wā o ka hoʻoili ʻana e pili nui ʻia e nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, ʻo kekahi mau protein liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a i ʻole polypeptides e hana i ka hydrolysis kūloko a me ka pyrolysis ma lalo o ka hana o ka wai a me ka wela, e hoʻoulu ai i ka hōʻiliʻili o nā waikawa amino; ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, nā amino acids Ua hoʻemi ʻia ma o ka oxidation, hydrolysis, hoʻololi, a hui pū me ke kō a me nā polyphenols e hana i ka waihoʻoluʻu, ʻala a me nā mea ʻono.

(1) Laha a maloʻo

I ka laha ana amīkini maloʻo kīi nā pae, hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻakika amino manuahi e ka protein hydrolysis, no laila ke hōʻike pinepine nei ka nui o ka waikawa amino i kahi ʻano piʻi. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻāla ka ʻike theanine i ka ʻōlelo o ka theanine hydrolase ma muli o ka nalowale o ka wai, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka theanine, e hōʻike ana i ka Downtrend.

(2) Ke kahua fermentation

Hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia ka Fermentation i polyphenol oxidase fermentation a me microbial fermentation. I ke kaʻina hana fermentation o ke kī, ua pōʻino nā pūnaewele ma hope o ka hele ʻana i kamīkini kī kī, a ʻo nā mea phenolic i loko o nā pūnaewele e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ka polyphenol oxidase. ʻO ka hopena o ka quinone pūhui e loaʻa i kekahi mau hopena kemika hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia me nā waikawa amino, kahi hopena i ka ʻala o ke kī ʻeleʻele. kuleana nui.

(3) Hoʻoponopono a hoʻomaloʻo

I ka wā o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wela kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa pinepine nā ʻakika amino i ka polymerization oxidative me nā o-quinones a i ʻole e hana i nā hopena Maillard me nā pūhui carbonyl. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela o ka mīkini paʻa kī, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o kamīkini hoʻopaʻa kī, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hydrolyzed o nā waikawa amino i ka wā e hāpai ana i ka hydrolysis o nā protein. a me ka hoololi ana.

(4) Waihona

I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana i ke kī, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa hou ʻia nā waikawa amino a hoʻololi ʻia ma muli o nā loli o ke kaiapuni a me ka manawa. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ka nui o ka haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka degradation.