Bayan shan shayi, yana da dabi'a don kauce wa matsalaryankan bishiyoyin shayi. A yau, bari mu fahimci dalilin da ya sa ake dasa bishiyoyin shayi da kuma yadda ake datse shi?

1. Physiological tushen shuka shayi

Bishiyoyin shayi suna da halayen haɓakar haɓakar apical. Ci gaban apical na babban tushe yana da sauri, yayin da buds na gefe suna girma a hankali ko sun kasance suna barci. Amfanin apical yana hana haɓakar toho na gefe ko yana hana haɓakar rassan gefe. Ta hanyar pruning don cire babban fa'ida, za a iya cire tasirin hanawa na saman toho a kan buds na gefe. Yanke itacen shayi na iya rage shekarun ci gaban bishiyar shayi, ta yadda zai dawo da girma da kuzari. Dangane da girmar bishiyar shayi, datse yana karya ma'aunin ilimin halittar jiki tsakanin sassan sama da na karkashin kasa, yana taka rawa wajen karfafa ci gaban kasa. A lokaci guda kuma, girma mai ƙarfi na kambin bishiyar yana samar da ƙarin samfuran assimilation, kuma tushen tsarin zai iya samun ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki, yana haɓaka haɓakar tsarin tushen.

Bugu da ƙari, pruning yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan canza yanayin carbon nitrogen da inganta ci gaban gina jiki. Ganyen mai laushi na bishiyar shayi suna da abun ciki mafi girma na nitrogen, yayin da tsoffin ganyen suna da babban abun ciki na carbon. Idan ba a datse rassan saman na dogon lokaci, rassan za su tsufa, carbohydrates za su ƙaru, abun ciki na nitrogen zai ragu, carbon zuwa nitrogen zai yi girma, haɓakar abinci mai gina jiki zai ragu, furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa za su ƙaru. Yankewa na iya rage girmar bishiyoyin shayi, kuma ruwa da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki da tushen ya sha zai karu sosai. Bayan yanke wasu rassan, rabon carbon zuwa nitrogen na sababbin rassan zai zama ƙanana, wanda zai ƙarfafa ci gaban abinci na sassan da ke sama.

2. Lokacin yankan bishiyar shayi

Yanke bishiyoyin shayi kafin suyi girma a cikin bazara shine lokacin da mafi ƙarancin tasiri akan jikin bishiyar. A wannan lokacin, akwai isassun kayan ajiya a cikin tushen, kuma lokaci ne da yanayin zafi ya tashi a hankali, ruwan sama yana da yawa, kuma girma bishiyoyin shayi ya fi dacewa. A lokaci guda, bazara shine farkon sake zagayowar girma na shekara-shekara, kuma pruning yana ba da damar sabbin harbe su sami lokaci mai tsayi don haɓaka gabaɗaya.

Zaɓin lokacin pruning kuma yana buƙatar ƙayyade yanayin yanayi a yankuna daban-daban. A cikin wuraren da ke da yanayin zafi a cikin shekara, ana iya yin pruning a ƙarshen lokacin shayi; A wuraren shayi da wuraren shayi mai tsayi inda akwai barazanar daskarewa a lokacin hunturu, yakamata a jinkirta dasa shuki. Amma akwai kuma wasu wuraren da ke amfani da rage tsayin kambin bishiyar don inganta juriya na sanyi don hana rassan saman kambin bishiyar daga daskarewa. An fi yin wannan pruning a ƙarshen kaka; Bai kamata a datse wuraren shan shayi da lokacin rani da damina ba kafin lokacin rani ya zo, in ba haka ba zai yi wuya ya tsiro bayan dasa.

3. Hanyoyin datse bishiyar shayi

Ana yin yankan bishiyar shayin balagagge ne bisa ƙayyadaddun dasa, galibi ana amfani da haɗe-haɗe na ɓangarorin haske da dasa mai zurfi don kula da girma mai ƙarfi da tsinkar kambi mai kyau na bishiyar shayin, tare da girma da ƙarfi, don kiyayewa. amfanin ci gaba da yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Hasken haske: Gabaɗaya, ana yin shukar haske sau ɗaya a shekara a saman girbi na itacen shayi, tare da haɓaka tsayin 3-5 cm daga ɓangarorin da suka gabata. Idan kambi yana da kyau kuma yana da ƙarfi, ana iya yin pruning sau ɗaya kowace shekara. Manufar datsa haske shine don kula da tushe mai kyau da ƙarfi a kan saman itacen shayi, inganta haɓakar abinci mai gina jiki, da rage fure da 'ya'yan itace. Gabaɗaya, bayan ɗaukar shayi na bazara, ana aiwatar da dasa haske nan da nan, ana yanke harben bazara na shekarar da ta gabata da wasu harbe-harben kaka daga shekarar da ta gabata.

Zurfi mai zurfi: Bayan shekaru na tsinke da bushewar haske, yawancin ƙananan rassan ƙulli suna girma a saman kambin bishiyar. Saboda yawan nodules ɗinsa, waɗanda ke hana isar da abinci mai gina jiki, toho da ganyen da aka samar suna da sirara da ƙanana, tare da ƙarin ganyen da aka yi sandwid a tsakanin su, wanda zai iya rage yawan amfanin ƙasa da inganci. Sabili da haka, kowane ƴan shekaru, lokacin da bishiyar shayi ta fuskanci halin da ake ciki a sama, dole ne a aiwatar da tsatsa mai zurfi, yanke wani Layer na rassan ƙafar kaji mai zurfin 10-15 cm a sama da kambi don dawo da ƙarfin bishiyar da kuma inganta ƙarfinsa. Bayan zurfafa zurfafa guda ɗaya, ci gaba da ƴan tsirarun ciyayi. Idan rassan ƙafar kaji sun sake bayyana a nan gaba, haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa, ana iya yin wani zurfin pruning. Wannan maimaita maimaitawar na iya kiyaye ƙwaƙƙwaran ci gaban bishiyar shayi da kuma ɗora yawan amfanin ƙasa. Zurfafa pruning yawanci yana faruwa kafin bazara shayi sprouts.

Ana amfani da kayan aikin haske da zurfi mai zurfi tare da ashinge trimmer, tare da kaifi mai kaifi da yankan lebur don guje wa yanke rassan rassan da kuma shafar warkar da raunuka kamar yadda zai yiwu.

4.Haɗin kai tsakanin yankan itacen shayi da sauran matakan

(1) Ya kamata a hada kai da taki da sarrafa ruwa. Zurfafa aikace-aikace na Organictakida phosphorus potassium taki kafin pruning, da aikace-aikace na topdressing a kan kari lokacin da sabon harbe ya tsiro bayan pruning zai iya inganta karfi da sauri girma na sabon harbe, cikakken exerting da tsammanin sakamako na pruning;

(2) A hada shi da girbi da adanawa. Saboda zurfin yankan, yanki na ganyen shayi yana raguwa, kuma an rage saman photosythetic. Rassan samarwa da ke ƙasa da farfajiyar pruning gabaɗaya ba su da yawa kuma ba za su iya samar da saman ɗab'in ba. Saboda haka, wajibi ne a riƙe da kuma ƙara kauri daga cikin rassan, kuma a kan wannan, toho rassan girma na biyu, da kuma sake noma saman tsinke ta hanyar pruning; (3) Ya kamata a haɗa shi tare da matakan magance kwari. Wajibi ne a hanzarta bincika da sarrafa aphids na shayi, injinan shayi, asu shayi, da ganyen shayi waɗanda ke cutar da harbe-harbe. Ya kamata a cire rassan da ganyen da aka bari a baya yayin sabuntawa da sabunta tsofaffin bishiyoyin shayi daga lambun don yin magani, sannan a fesa ƙasa da ke kusa da kututturen bishiyar da ciyawar shayi da magungunan kashe qwari don kawar da tushen kiwo na cututtuka da kwari.