Taimakawa Scroll.in Abubuwan tallafin ku: Indiya na buƙatar kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu kuma kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu suna buƙatar ku.
"Me za ku iya yi da rupees 200 a yau?" ta tambayi Joshula Gurung, mai shan shayi a gidan shayi na CD Block Ging a Pulbazar, Darjeeling, wanda ke samun Rs 232 a rana. Ta ce kudin tafiya guda daya a cikin motar da aka raba shi ne rupee 400 zuwa Siliguri, mai tazarar kilomita 60 daga Darjeeling, kuma babban birni mafi kusa inda ake jinyar ma'aikata saboda munanan cututtuka.
Wannan shi ne gaskiyar dubun-dubatar ma’aikata a gonakin shayi na Arewacin Bengal, wadanda sama da kashi 50 cikin 100 mata ne. Rahoton da muka samu a Darjeeling ya nuna cewa ana biyansu kadan-kadan albashi, tsarin kwadago na Turawan mulkin mallaka ya daure su, ba su da ‘yancin mallakar filaye, kuma suna da karancin damar shiga shirye-shiryen gwamnati.
"Matsalar yanayin aiki da rashin zaman lafiya na ma'aikatan shayi suna tunawa da aikin da masu shukar Biritaniya suka sanya a lokacin mulkin mallaka," in ji rahoton kwamitin majalisar wakilai na 2022.
Ma'aikatan na kokarin inganta rayuwarsu, in ji su, kuma masana sun yarda. Yawancin ma'aikata suna horar da 'ya'yansu kuma suna tura su aikin gonaki. Mun gano cewa suna kuma fafutukar neman karin mafi karancin albashi da kuma mallakar filaye ga gidan kakanninsu.
Amma rayuwarsu ta rigaya tana cikin haɗari saboda yanayin masana'antar shayi ta Darjeeling saboda sauyin yanayi, gasa daga shayi mai arha, koma bayan kasuwannin duniya da faɗuwar samarwa da buƙatun da muka kwatanta a cikin waɗannan kasidu biyu. Labari na farko wani bangare ne na silsilar. Kashi na biyu kuma na karshe zai mayar da hankali ne kan halin da ma'aikatan noman shayi suke ciki.
Tun lokacin da aka kafa dokar sake fasalin ƙasa a cikin 1955, ƙasar noman shayi a Arewacin Bengal ba ta da wani take amma an yi hayar. Gwamnatin jiha.
Tsawon tsararraki, ma'aikatan shayi sun gina gidajensu akan filaye kyauta akan shuka a yankunan Darjeeling, Duars da Terai.
Duk da cewa babu wasu alkaluma a hukumance daga Hukumar Tea ta Indiya, bisa ga rahoton Majalisar Ma'aikata ta Yammacin Bengal ta 2013, yawan manyan wuraren noman shayi na Darjeeling Hills, Terai da Durs sun kasance 11,24,907, wanda 2,62,426 suka kasance. sun kasance mazauna dindindin har ma fiye da 70,000+ na wucin gadi da ma'aikatan kwangila.
A matsayin relic na mulkin mallaka a baya, masu mallakar sun tilasta wa iyalan da ke zaune a cikin gidan su aika aƙalla mamba ɗaya don yin aiki a lambun shayi ko kuma za su rasa gidansu. Ma'aikatan ba su da wani haƙƙin mallaka na ƙasar, don haka babu takardar mallakar mallakar da ake kira parja-patta.
Dangane da wani bincike mai taken "Amfanin Kwadago a cikin Shunan Tea na Darjeeling" wanda aka buga a cikin 2021, tunda ana iya samun aiki na dindindin a gonakin shayi na Arewacin Bengal ta hanyar dangi ne kawai, kasuwar kwadago ta kyauta da bude kofa ba ta taba yiwuwa ba, wanda ya haifar da kasa da kasa na aikin bayi. Jaridar Legal Management and Humanities. ”
A halin yanzu ana biyan masu zaɓe Rs 232 kowace rana. Bayan cire kudaden da ke shiga asusun ajiyar ma’aikata, ma’aikatan na karbar kusan Rupee guda 200, wanda a cewarsu bai isa su rayu ba kuma bai dace da aikin da suke yi ba.
A cewar Mohan Chirimar, Manajan Darakta na Singtom Tea Estate, yawan rashin halartar ma'aikatan shayi a Arewacin Bengal ya haura 40%. "Kusan rabin ma'aikatan lambunmu ba sa zuwa aiki."
Sumendra Tamang, wani mai fafutukar kare hakkin ma'aikatan shayi a Arewacin Bengal ya ce "Kadan na sa'o'i takwas na aiki mai zurfi da ƙwararru shine dalilin da ya sa ma'aikatan noman shayi ke raguwa a kowace rana." "Ya zama ruwan dare mutane su daina aiki a wuraren noman shayi su yi aiki a MGNREGA [shirin samar da aikin yi na gwamnati] ko kuma a duk inda ake samun karin albashi."
Joshila Gurung ta kamfanin noman shayi na Ging a Darjeeling da takwarorinta Sunita Biki da Chandramati Tamang sun ce babban abin da suke bukata shi ne karin albashi mafi karanci na noman shayi.
A cewar sabon sanarwar da Ofishin Kwamishinan Kwadago na Gwamnatin West Bengal ya fitar, mafi karancin albashin yau da kullun ga ma’aikatan aikin gona da ba su da kwarewa ya kamata ya zama Rs 284 ba tare da abinci ba kuma Rs 264 tare da abinci.
Sai dai kuma taron masu shayi da wakilan kungiyoyin masu shayi da na ma’aikatan da jami’an gwamnati ne ke tantance albashin ma’aikatan. Kungiyoyin sun so sanya sabon albashin Rs 240 na yau da kullun, amma a watan Yuni gwamnatin Bengal ta Yamma ta sanar da shi akan Rs 232.
Rakesh Sarki, darektan masu zaɓe a Happy Valley, shukar shayi na biyu mafi tsufa na Darjeeling, shi ma ya koka game da rashin biyan albashin ma'aikata. “Ba a ma biya mu akai-akai tun 2017. Suna ba mu kuddin kuɗi duk bayan wata biyu ko uku. Wani lokaci ana samun tsaiko, kuma haka yake da kowace shukar shayi a kan tudu.”
"Idan aka yi la'akari da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da kuma yanayin tattalin arzikin Indiya gabaɗaya, ba za a iya tunanin yadda mai shayi zai iya ciyar da kansa da iyalinsa a kan Rs 200 a rana," in ji Dawa Sherpa, dalibin digiri na uku a Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki. Bincike da tsarawa a Indiya. Jawaharlal Nehru University, asalinsa daga Kursong. “Darjeeling da Assam suna da mafi karancin albashi ga ma’aikatan shayi. A cikin gonar shayi a Sikkim maƙwabta, ma'aikata suna samun kusan Rs 500 a rana. A Kerala, albashin yau da kullun ya wuce Rs 400, har ma a Tamil Nadu, kuma kusan Rs 350 ne kawai."
Wani rahoto na 2022 daga kwamitin zaunannen majalisar ya yi kira da a aiwatar da dokar mafi karancin albashi ga ma’aikatan noman shayi, inda ya bayyana cewa albashin yau da kullun a wuraren noman shayi na Darjeeling na daya daga cikin mafi karancin albashi ga kowane ma’aikacin masana’antu a kasar.
Albashi ba ya da yawa kuma ba shi da tsaro, shi ya sa dubban ma'aikata kamar Rakesh da Joshira ke hana 'ya'yansu yin aikin noman shayi. “Muna aiki tukuru don ilmantar da yaranmu. Ba shine mafi kyawun ilimi ba, amma aƙalla suna iya karatu da rubutu. Me ya sa suke karya kashinsu don aikin da ba a biya su ba a gonar shayi,” in ji Joshira, wanda ɗansa mai dafa abinci ne a Bangalore. Ta yi imanin cewa an yi amfani da ma'aikatan shayi na tsararraki saboda jahilcinsu. "Dole ne 'ya'yanmu su karya sarkar."
Baya ga albashi, ma’aikatan lambun shayi suna da damar ajiyar kudade, fansho, gidaje, kula da lafiya kyauta, ilimi kyauta ga ’ya’yansu, wuraren jinyar mata, man fetur, da kayan kariya kamar su riga, laima, riguna, da manyan takalma. A cewar wannan babban rahoto, adadin albashin wadannan ma’aikata ya kai kusan Rs 350 a kowace rana. Ana kuma buƙatar masu ɗaukan ma'aikata su biya kari na shekara-shekara don Durga Puja.
Darjeeling Organic Tea Estates Private Limited, wanda ya mallaki akalla gidaje 10 a Arewacin Bengal, ciki har da Happy Valley, ya sayar da lambunansa a watan Satumba, wanda ya bar ma'aikata sama da 6,500 ba tare da albashi ba, ajiyar kuɗi, tukwici da kari na puja.
A watan Oktoba, Darjeeling Organic Tea Plantation Sdn Bhd ya sayar da shida daga cikin noman shayi 10. “Sabbin masu ba su biya dukkan hakkokinmu ba. Har yanzu ba a biya albashi ba kuma kawai an biya bonus din Pujo,” in ji Sarkey na Happy Valley a watan Nuwamba.
Sobhadebi Tamang ya ce halin da ake ciki a halin yanzu yana kama da lambun shayi na Peshok a karkashin sabon mai kamfanin Silicon Agriculture Tea. “Mahaifiyata ta yi ritaya, amma CPF dinta da shawarwarin har yanzu suna da fice. Sabuwar gudanarwar ta himmatu wajen biyan dukkan hakkokinmu a kashi uku zuwa 31 ga Yuli [2023]."
Maigidanta, Pesang Norbu Tamang, ya ce har yanzu sabbin masu mallakar ba su zauna ba kuma nan ba da jimawa ba za su biya kudadensu, ya kara da cewa an biya kudin Pujo akan lokaci. Abokin aikin Sobhadebi Sushila Rai ta yi saurin mayar da martani. "Ba su ma biya mu yadda ya kamata ba."
“Ma’aikatanmu na yau da kullun sun kai Rs 202, amma gwamnati ta kai Rs 232. Duk da cewa an sanar da masu su karin albashin a watan Yuni, amma mun cancanci karin albashin daga watan Janairu,” in ji ta. "Maigidan bai biya ba tukuna."
Dangane da wani bincike na 2021 da aka buga a cikin International Journal of Legal Management and Humanities, manajojin noman shayi sukan yi amfani da zafin da ke haifar da rufewar noman shayi, tare da yin barazana ga ma’aikata lokacin da suke neman albashin da ake sa ran za su yi. "Wannan barazanar rufewa ta sanya lamarin ya kasance cikin tagomashin gudanarwa kuma dole ne ma'aikata su bi ta."
Tamang mai fafutuka ya ce "'yan kungiyar ba su taba samun kudaden ajiya na gaske da shawarwari ba… ko da lokacin da aka tilasta musu (masu mallakar) yin hakan, koyaushe ana biyan su kasa da ma'aikatan da suka samu a lokacin bautar."
Mallakar ma'aikata na fili lamari ne da ake ta cece-kuce tsakanin masu noman shayi da ma'aikata. Masu gidajen sun ce mutane suna ajiye gidajensu a wuraren noman shayi ko da kuwa ba sa aikin noman ne, yayin da ma’aikatan suka ce a ba su hakkin filaye domin iyalansu sun kasance a gonakin.
Chirimar na Singtom Tea Estate ya ce fiye da kashi 40 na mutanen da ke Singtom Tea Estate ba sa lambu. "Mutane suna zuwa Singapore da Dubai don yin aiki, kuma iyalansu a nan suna jin dadin zaman gida kyauta ... Yanzu dole ne gwamnati ta dauki tsauraran matakai don tabbatar da cewa kowane iyali a gonar shayi ya aika da akalla mutum ɗaya don yin aiki a gonar. Ku je ku yi aiki, ba mu da wata matsala da hakan.”
Unionist Sunil Rai, sakataren hadin gwiwa na kungiyar Terai Dooars Chia Kaman Mazdoor a Darjeeling, ya ce gidajen shayin suna bayar da "babu takardar shaidar kin amincewa" ga ma'aikatan da ke ba su damar gina gidajensu a wuraren shan shayi. "Me yasa suka bar gidan da suka gina?"
Rai, wanda kuma shi ne mai magana da yawun United Forum (Hills), kungiyar kwadago na jam'iyyun siyasa da dama a yankunan Darjeeling da Kalimpong, ya ce ma'aikata ba su da hakki ga filin da gidajensu ke tsayawa da kuma hakkokinsu na parja-patta ( dogon lokaci bukatar takardun da ke tabbatar da ikon mallakar ƙasa) an yi watsi da su.
Saboda ba su da takaddun mallakar ko hayar, ma'aikata ba za su iya yin rajistar kadarorin su tare da tsare-tsaren inshora ba.
Manju Rai, mai taro a rukunin shayi na Tukvar da ke cikin CD Pulbazar kwata na Darjeeling, ba ta sami diyya ga gidanta ba, wanda zaftarewar ƙasa ta lalace sosai. "Gidan da na gina ya ruguje [sakamakon zaftarewar kasa a shekarar da ta gabata]," in ji ta, ta kara da cewa sandunan gora, tsofaffin jakunkunan jute da kwalta sun ceci gidanta daga rugujewar gaba daya. “Ba ni da kudin gina wani gida. Duka ’ya’yana suna aikin sufuri. Ko kudin shigarsu bai isa ba. Duk wani taimako daga kamfanin zai yi kyau."
Wani rahoto na zaunannen kwamitin majalisar ya bayyana cewa tsarin “a fili yana lalata nasarar yunkurin sake fasalin kasa ta hanyar hana ma’aikatan shayi cin gajiyar hakkinsu na fili duk da shekaru bakwai da samun ‘yancin kai.”
Rai ya ce tun a shekarar 2013 ne ake samun karuwar bukatar parja patta. Ya ce duk da cewa har yanzu zababbun jami’ai da ‘yan siyasa sun bar ma’aikatan shayin, ya kamata a ce akalla su yi magana kan ma’aikatan shayi a yanzu, yana mai cewa dan majalisar dokokin Darjeeling Raju Bista ya yi. gabatar da wata doka don samar da parja patta ga ma'aikatan shayi." . Lokaci yana canzawa, kodayake a hankali. "
Dibyendu Bhattacharya, sakatare na hadin gwiwa na ma'aikatar filaye ta yammacin Bengal da sake fasalin noma da 'yan gudun hijira, agaji da gyare-gyare, wanda ke kula da batutuwan filaye a Darjeeling a karkashin wannan ofishin sakataren ma'aikatar, ya ki yin magana kan lamarin. Kiraye-kirayen da aka maimaita sune: "Ba ni da izinin yin magana da manema labarai."
Bisa bukatar sakatariyar, an kuma aike da sakon Imel ga sakatariyar tare da cikakken bayani kan dalilin da ya sa ba a bai wa ma’aikatan shayi hakkin filaye ba. Za mu sabunta labarin idan ta ba da amsa.
Rajeshvi Pradhan, marubuci daga Jami’ar Shari’a ta Rajiv Gandhi, ya rubuta a cikin wata takarda ta 2021 kan cin zarafi: “Rashin kasuwar aiki da rashin wani haƙƙin ƙasa ga ma’aikata ba wai kawai yana tabbatar da arha aiki ba har ma da tilasta ma’aikata. Ma'aikatan aikin noman shayi na Darjeeling. "Rashin samun ayyukan yi a kusa da gidajen, tare da fargabar rasa matsugunansu, ya kara tsananta bautar da su."
Masana sun ce tushen matsalar ma’aikatan shayin ya ta’allaka ne ga rashin karfi ko rashin karfi wajen aiwatar da dokar aikin gona ta 1951. Duk wuraren noman shayi da Hukumar Tea ta Indiya ta yi rajista a Darjeeling, Terai da Duars suna ƙarƙashin Dokar. Saboda haka, duk ma'aikata na dindindin da iyalai a cikin waɗannan lambunan suma suna da haƙƙin fa'ida ƙarƙashin doka.
A karkashin Dokar Ma'aikata ta Shuka, 1956, Gwamnatin West Bengal ta kafa Dokar Ma'aikata ta Yammacin Bengal, 1956 don kafa dokar ta Tsakiya. Duk da haka, Sherpas da Tamang sun ce kusan dukkanin manyan gidaje 449 na Arewacin Bengal na iya karya dokokin tsakiya da na jihohi cikin sauki.
Dokar Ma'aikata ta Shuka ta ce "kowane ma'aikaci yana da alhakin samarwa da kuma kula da isassun gidaje ga duk ma'aikata da danginsu da ke zaune a gonar." Masu noman shayin sun ce filin kyauta da suka bayar sama da shekaru 100 da suka gabata, shi ne gidajensu na ma’aikata da iyalansu.
A daya bangaren kuma, sama da kananan manoman shayi 150 ba su ma damu da dokar aikin gona ta 1951 ba saboda suna aiki a kasa da hekta 5 ba tare da ka’ida ba, in ji Sherpa.
Manju, wanda zaizayar kasa ta lalata masa gidaje, yana da hakkin a biya diyya a karkashin Dokar Ma'aikata ta Shuka ta 1951. "Ta shigar da kara guda biyu, amma mai shi bai kula ba. Ana iya guje wa wannan cikin sauƙi idan ƙasarmu ta sami parja patta, ”in ji Ram Subba, darektan Tukvar Tea Estate Manju, da sauran masu zaɓe.
Kwamitin dindindin na Majalisar ya lura cewa “’yan Dummies sun yi yaƙi don neman ‘yancinsu na ƙasarsu, ba wai don su rayu ba, har ma don su binne ’yan’uwansu da suka mutu.” Kwamitin ya ba da shawarar dokar da ta amince da hakki da laƙabi na ƙananan ma'aikatan shayi ga ƙasa da albarkatun kakanninsu.
Dokar Kare Shuka ta 2018 da Hukumar Tea ta Indiya ta fitar ta ba da shawarar a baiwa ma’aikata kariya daga kai, takalma, safar hannu, atamfa da kayan kwalliya don kariya daga magungunan kashe qwari da sauran sinadarai da ake fesa a cikin filayen.
Ma'aikata sun koka game da inganci da kuma amfani da sabbin kayan aiki yayin da suke ƙarewa ko rushewa akan lokaci. “Ba mu sami tabarau ba lokacin da ya kamata mu samu. Hatta atamfa, safar hannu da takalmi, dole ne mu yi fada, a koyaushe muna tunatar da maigidan, sannan manajan ko da yaushe yana jinkirin amincewa,” in ji Gurung daga Shuka shayi na Jin. “Shi (manajan) ya yi kamar yana biyan kudin kayan mu daga aljihunsa. Amma idan wata rana mun rasa aiki saboda ba mu da safar hannu ko wani abu, ba zai rasa biyan mu ba.” .
Joshila ta ce safarar hannu ba ta kare hannunta daga kamshin dafin da ta fesa ganyen shayin ba. "Abincinmu yana wari kamar kwanakin da muke fesa sinadarai." kar a sake amfani da shi. Kada ku damu, mu masu aikin gona ne. Za mu iya ci kuma mu narke komai.
Wani rahoto na BEHANBOX na shekarar 2022 ya nuna cewa matan da ke aikin noman shayi a Arewacin Bengal sun fuskanci gubar magungunan kashe qwari, maganin ciyawa da takin zamani ba tare da ingantaccen kayan kariya ba, wanda hakan ya haifar da matsalar fata, rashin hangen nesa, cututtuka na numfashi da na narkewar abinci.