Idan muka ambaci shayi, muna jin kamar kore, sabo, da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. Shayi, wanda aka haifa tsakanin sama da ƙasa, yana sa mutane su sami nutsuwa da kwanciyar hankali. Ganyen shayi, tun daga ɗaukar ganye ɗaya zuwa bushewa, bushewar rana, kuma a ƙarshe ya zama ƙamshi mai ƙamshi a cikin harshe, yana da alaƙa da “kore”. To, hanyoyi nawa za a iya sarrafa shayi?

1. Gyaran shayi
Abin da ake kira gyarawa yana nufin lalata nama na sabbin ganye. Thegyaran shayitsari ya ƙunshi ɗaukar matakan zafin jiki don canza abubuwan da ke cikin sabbin ganye cikin sauri. Kamar yadda aka sani, shayi ya ƙunshi wani abu da ake kira enzyme, wanda shine macromolecule na halitta tare da aikin biocatalytic. Yana da biocatalyst wanda zai iya haɓaka ko rage saurin halayen halayen ƙwayoyin halitta, amma baya canza jagora da samfuran halayen. Enzymes galibi sun ƙunshi sunadaran (tare da ƴan su zama RNA), kuma abubuwa kamar yanayin zafi da sinadarai suna tasiri cikin sauƙin ayyukansu (kamar ƙimar pH).
Enzymes suna fuskantar lalacewar da ba za a iya jurewa ba ga tsarin kwayoyin halittarsu na furotin a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi, yana haifar da cikakkiyar asarar aikin enzyme. "Kwanyar" ganyen shayi yana amfani da babban zafin jiki na kashe kayan enzymes don hana ayyukan oxidase a cikin sabbin ganye.

Babban manufar gyaran shayi shine yin amfani da babban zafin jiki don lalata ayyukan polyphenol oxidase a cikin sabbin ganye a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, hana polyphenol enzyme catalyzed oxidation, da ba da damar abubuwan da ke ciki su samar da halayen ingancin shayi na Pu'er kamar launi. , ƙanshi, da ɗanɗano a ƙarƙashin aikin marasa enzymatic. Qingqing na iya kawar da danshi, yana mai da ganyen daga wuya zuwa laushi, yana sa ya zama mai sauƙi ga ƙwanƙwasa da siffa. Bugu da kari, bushewa na iya cire kamshin ciyawa mai sabo, wanda zai baiwa ganyen shayi damar fitar da kamshin shayi mai kayatarwa. A takaice dai, lalata tsari da tsarin sabobin ganye, canza siffa da ingancin ganyen ganye, da kuma shimfida kyakkyawan tushe na ingancin ganyen shayi na musamman duka biyun manufar bushewa ne da kuma tushe na asali na bushewar matakan fasaha.

2 Yin wanka

Ganyen da aka bushe da rana bayan gyarawa da birgima ana kiransu da “busashen shayin rana”. Tilas na musamman na Yunnan na Pu'er ya bushe da rana kafin ya zama shayin Pu'er. bushewar rana, kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, yana nufin tsarin bushewar ɗanyen shayin da aka bushe da rana. Bushewar rana yana nufin hanyar bushewa na ɗanyen shayi, ba hanyar bushewa ba. Tsarin samar da shayi na Pu'er da aka saba shine: ɗauka, yada sabo, bushewa, sanyaya, mirgina, da bushewa. Bushewar rana shine tsarin bushewa bayan mirgina. Bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin busasshen shayi na rana da sauran hanyoyin bushewa kamar soyawa da bushewa shine "zazzabi". Tsarin bushewa na motsawa da bushewa yana da babban zafin jiki, wanda a zahiri yana yanke rayuwar sinadarai masu aiki da enzyme a cikin ganyen shayi, yayin da busasshen shayi na rana ya bambanta. Hasken rana na yanayi da ƙananan zafin jiki suna riƙe yuwuwar haɓakar abubuwa masu aiki. Busashen shayin rana yana da sako-sako da sifar jiki, kuma busasshen shayi yana da busasshen dandano na rana. Wannan busasshen ɗanɗanon rana yana ba da sabon ƙamshin furanni da tsire-tsire, kuma ƙamshin yana daɗewa kuma dandano yana da tsabta bayan an gama. Sunbathing kuma yana haifar da yuwuwar kuzari don adana dogon lokaci na shayin Pu'er, wanda ke ƙara ƙamshi akan lokaci.

Ya kamata a lura cewa "bushewar rana" ba lallai ba ne. A cikin kwanakin damina ko gajimare, ana iya la'akari da bushewa ko hanyoyin bushewa inuwa, amma dole ne a yi shi a ƙananan zafin jiki, wanda shine mabuɗin. An yi imani da cewa zafin jiki bai kamata ya wuce digiri 60 ba. Kodayake hanyar bushewa mai ƙarancin zafi na bushewar rana ya fi tsayi, yana riƙe da dandano na asali da abubuwa masu aiki na shayi. Tabbatar da ƙarancin zafin jiki mai dacewa shine muhimmin bambanci a cikin tsarin samarwa tsakanin Pu erh shayi da koren shayi. Koren shayi yana amfani da haifuwa mai zafin jiki don haɓaka ƙamshinsa da sauri, amma ajiya mai zuwa ba zai iya cimma tasirin "mafi ƙamshin Pu erh shayi ya zama" sakamako ba. Za a iya cinye shi a cikin ƙayyadaddun lokaci, in ba haka ba miya mai shayi zai yi rauni kuma ya rasa darajarsa idan an adana shi na dogon lokaci. Pu erh shayi shine samfurin jinkirin, samfurin lokaci, wanda kuma ya haɗa da "aiki a hankali yana samar da kyakkyawan aiki" a cikin tsarin samarwa.

gasasshen shayi da gasa koren shayi

Soya da gasa koren shayi na cikin tsarin samar da koren shayi. Manufar duka guda ɗaya ce, wanda shine amfani da zafin jiki mai zafi don dakatar da aikin fermentation na ganyen shayi. Bambance-bambancen shine daya yana soyuwa a cikin kwanon ƙarfe mai zafi, ɗayan kuma yana yin gasa kai tsaye a yanayin zafi. Koren shayin da ake soyawa yana nufin tsarin amfani da ɗan ƙaramin wuta don bushe ganyen shayin da ke cikin tukunya a lokacin samar da ganyen shayi. Abubuwan da ke cikin ruwan ganyen shayi suna saurin ƙafewa ta hanyar jujjuyawar hannu, wanda ke toshe tsarin haƙowar ganyen shayin kuma yana riƙe da ainihin ruwan shayin gaba ɗaya.

Koren shayin da aka bushe, aka yi birgima, sannan a bushe shi ake kira baking green tea. Yin gasa koren shayi yana da matuƙar bushewa, kuma ganyen shayin da aka yi yana da ƙamshi sosai. Don haka, wasu ‘yan kasuwa sun haxa koren shayin da aka gasa tare da shayin Pu’er don ƙara ƙamshin ganyen shayin, amma hakan bai dace da canjin shayin Pu’er daga baya ba, don haka ya kamata masu siye su yi taka-tsan-tsan wajen siya.
Gasa koren shayi da soyayyen koren shayi ba za a iya amfani da shi azaman ɗanyen shayin Pu'er ba, kuma bai kamata a yi amfani da shi wajen sarrafa shayin Pu'er ba. Pu'er shayi fermentation yafi dogara da auto-oxidation na rana-bushe koren shayi kanta, da enzymatic hadawan abu da iskar shaka na polyphenols, da kuma mataki na microorganisms. Saboda yawan zafin jiki na gasashe da soyayyen koren shayi, polyphenol oxidase yana wucewa kuma ya lalace. Bugu da kari, ana amfani da yawan zafin jiki da bushewa da sauri lokacin bushewar danyen shayi, wanda ke kara lalata polyphenol oxidase. Bugu da ƙari, abin da ke cikin ruwa na gasasshen koren shayi mai soyayyen yana da ƙasa, kuma "tsufa na halitta" ba za a iya kammala ba. Don haka, bai dace a sarrafa shi cikin shayin Pu'er ba.

Koren kore/ shahararriyar 'matcha'

Har ila yau, tururi koren shayi na cikin tsarin samar da koren shayi. Tufafi koren shayi shine shayi na farko da aka kirkira a tsohuwar kasar Sin. Yana amfani da tururi don tausasa sabo da ganyen shayi, sannan ya mirgina ya bushe. Koren shayi mai tururi sau da yawa yana da halayen kore guda uku na "launi kore, miya kore, da kore ganye", waɗanda suke da kyau da jaraba. Koren shayin da aka dafa shi ne babban haja na koren shayi na Jafananci, kuma shayin da ake amfani da shi a bukin shayin Jafananci shine mashahurin “matcha” a duniya a cikin koren shayin da aka tuhume shi.