Tea yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan sha uku na duniya, mai arziki a cikin polyphenols, tare da antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-virus, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic da sauran ayyukan nazarin halittu da ayyukan kula da lafiya. Ana iya raba shayi zuwa shayi mara haifuwa, shayin da ba a so da shi da kuma shayin da aka yi bayansa bisa ga fasahar sarrafa shi da matakin haifuwa. Tea bayan fermented yana nufin shayi tare da haɗin gwiwar microbial a cikin fermentation, kamar Pu 'er dafaffe shayi, Fu Brick shayi, Liubao shayi da aka samar a kasar Sin, Kuma Kippukucha, Saryusoso, Yamabukinadeshiko, Suraribijin da Kuroyamecha da aka samar a Japan. Waɗannan teas ɗin da aka haɗe da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna son mutane saboda tasirin kula da lafiyar su kamar rage kitsen jini, sukarin jini da cholesterol.

Bayan fermentation na microbial, shayi polyphenols a cikin shayi ana canza su ta hanyar enzymes kuma an kafa polyphenols da yawa tare da sabon tsarin. Teadenol A da Teadenol B sune abubuwan da suka samo asali na polyphenol da aka ware daga shayi mai shayi tare da Aspergillus sp (PK-1, FARM AP-21280). A cikin binciken da ya biyo baya, an gano shi a cikin babban adadin shayi na fermented. Teadenols suna da stereoisomers guda biyu, cis-Teadenol A da trans-Teadenol B. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta C14H12O6, nauyin kwayoyin halitta 276.06, [MH] -275.0562, an nuna tsarin tsarin a cikin Hoto 1. Teadenols suna da ƙungiyoyin cyclic da kama da a-a-ring. tsarin zobe na flavane 3-alcohols kuma su ne b-ring fission catechins. Teadenol A da Teadenol B na iya zama biosynthesized daga EGCG da GCG bi da bi.

A cikin binciken da ya biyo baya, an gano cewa Teadenol yana da ayyukan ilimin halitta kamar inganta siginar adiponectin, hana furotin tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) magana da fari, wanda ya ja hankalin masu bincike da yawa. Adiponectin wani nau'in polypeptide ne na musamman ga adipose nama, wanda zai iya rage yawan cututtukan cututtuka na rayuwa a cikin nau'in ciwon sukari na II. PTP1B a halin yanzu an gane shi azaman maƙasudin warkewa don ciwon sukari da kiba, yana nuna cewa Teadenol yana da tasirin hypoglycemic da asarar nauyi.

A cikin wannan takarda, an sake nazarin gano abun ciki, biosynthesis, jimillar kira da bioactivity na Teadenols a cikin shayi mai ƙyalƙyali, don samar da tushen kimiyya da ƙa'idodin ka'idoji don haɓakawa da amfani da Teadenol.

▲ TA jiki hoto

01

Gano Teadenol a cikin shayi mai ƙyalƙyali

Bayan da Teadenols aka samu daga Aspergillus SP (PK-1, FARM AP-21280) shayi mai haƙarƙari a karon farko, an yi amfani da dabarun HPLC da LC-MS/MS don nazarin Teadenols a cikin nau'ikan shayi. Nazarin ya nuna cewa Teadenols galibi suna kasancewa a cikin shayi mai ƙyalƙyali.

▲ TA, chromatogram ruwa na tarin fuka

▲ Mass spectrometry na shayi mai haifuwa na microbial da TA da tarin fuka

Aspergillus oryzae SP.PK-1, FARM AP-21280, Aspergillus oryzae sp.AO-1, ​​NBRS 4214, Aspergillus awamori sp.SK-1, Aspergillus oryzae Sp.AO-1, ​​NBRS 4214, Aspergillus oryzae sp. , NBRS 4122), Eurotium sp. Ka-1, FARM AP-21291, An gano nau'ikan nau'ikan Teadenols a cikin fermented shayi Kippukucha, Saryusoso, Yamabukinadeshiko, Suraribijin da Kuroyamecha, gentoku-cha da aka sayar a Japan, kuma a cikin dafaffen shayi na Pu erh, shayi Liubao da Fu Brick shayin kasar Sin.

Abubuwan da ke cikin Teadenol a cikin teas daban-daban sun bambanta, wanda ake hasashen zai haifar da yanayin aiki daban-daban da yanayin fermentation.

Ci gaba da karatu ya nuna cewa abubuwan da ke cikin Teadenol a cikin ganyen shayi ba tare da sarrafa ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ba, kamar koren shayi, baƙar fata, shayin oolong da farin shayi, ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa sosai. Abubuwan da ke cikin Teadenol a cikin ganyen shayi daban-daban ana nuna su a cikin Table 1.

02

Bioactivity na Teadenol

Nazarin ya nuna cewa Teadenol na iya inganta asarar nauyi, yaki da ciwon sukari, yaki da oxidation, hana yaduwar kwayoyin cutar kansa da fata fata.

Teadenol A na iya inganta ƙwayar adiponectin. Adiponectin shine peptide na endogenous wanda ke ɓoye ta adipocytes kuma yana da takamaiman takamaiman nama mai adipose. Yana da alaƙa da mummunan alaƙa tare da visceral adipose tissue kuma yana da anti-mai kumburi da anti-atherosclerotic Properties. Don haka Teadenol A yana da yuwuwar rage kiba.

Teadenol A kuma yana hana bayyanar da furotin tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), Wani nau'in tyrosine phosphatase na yau da kullun wanda ba mai karɓa ba a cikin dangin tyrosine phosphatase na furotin, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin siginar insulin kuma a halin yanzu an san shi azaman maƙasudin warkewa don ciwon sukari. Teadenol A na iya daidaita insulin daidai ta hanyar hana furcin PTP1B. A halin yanzu, TOMOTAKA et al. ya nuna cewa Teadenol A shine ligand na dogon sarkar fatty acid receptor GPR120, wanda zai iya ɗaure kai tsaye da kunna GPR120 kuma yana haɓaka ɓoyewar insulin hormone GLP-1 a cikin ƙwayoyin endocrin na hanji STC-1. Glp-1 yana hana ci abinci kuma yana ƙara haɓakar insulin, yana nuna tasirin anti-diabetic. Saboda haka, Teadenol A yana da tasirin maganin ciwon sukari.

Ma'auni na IC50 na ayyukan scavenging DPPH da superoxide anion radical scavenging ayyuka na Teadenol A sune 64.8 μg/mL da 3.335 mg/mL, bi da bi. Ƙimar IC50 na jimlar ƙarfin antioxidant da ƙarfin samar da hydrogen sun kasance 17.6 U/ml da 12 U/ml, bi da bi. An kuma nuna cewa tsantsar shayin da ke dauke da Teadenol B yana da babban aikin hana yaduwar cutar kanjamau a kan HT-29 ciwon daji na hanji, kuma yana hana HT-29 ciwon daji na hanji ta hanyar kara yawan maganganun caspase-3/7, caspase-8 da Caspase. -9, mutuwar mai karɓa da hanyoyin apoptosis na mitochondrial.

Bugu da ƙari, Teadenols wani nau'i ne na polyphenols wanda zai iya yin fata fata ta hanyar hana aikin melanocyte da haɗin melanin.

03

Haɗin Teadenol

Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga bayanan bincike a cikin Table 1, Teadenols a cikin shayi na fermentation na microbial yana da ƙananan abun ciki da tsadar haɓakawa da tsarkakewa, wanda yake da wuyar saduwa da bukatun bincike mai zurfi da ci gaban aikace-aikace. Don haka, masana sun gudanar da bincike kan yadda ake hada irin wadannan abubuwa daga bangarori biyu na biotransformation da hada sinadaran.

WULANDARI et al. inoculated Aspergillus SP (PK-1, FARM AP-21280) a cikin gauraye maganin haifuwa EGCG da GCG. Bayan makonni 2 na al'ada a 25 ℃, an yi amfani da HPLC don nazarin abun da ke cikin matsakaicin al'adu. An gano Teadenol A da Teadenol B. Daga baya, Aspergillus oryzae A. Awamori (NRIB-2061) da Aspergillus oryzae A. Kawachii (IFO-4308) an saka su cikin Cakudar autoclave EGCG da GCG, bi da bi, ta hanyar amfani da wannan hanya. Teadenol A da Teadenol B an gano su a cikin duka matsakaici. Wadannan nazarin sun nuna cewa canji na microbial na EGCG da GCG na iya samar da Teadenol A da Teadenol B. SONG et al. An yi amfani da EGCG azaman albarkatun ƙasa da kuma inoculated Aspergillus sp don nazarin yanayin mafi kyau don samar da Teadenol A da Teadenol B ta ruwa da ingantaccen al'adu. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa matsakaicin CZapEK-DOX da aka gyara wanda ya ƙunshi 5% EGCG da 1% koren shayi foda yana da mafi girman yawan amfanin ƙasa. An gano cewa ƙara koren shayin foda bai shafi samar da Teadenol A da Teadenol B kai tsaye ba, amma galibi ya haifar da haɓakar adadin biosynthase. Bugu da kari, YOSHIDA et al. Haɗa Teadenol A da Teadenol B daga phloroglucinol. Muhimmin matakai na kira sune asymmetric α-aminoxy catalytic reaction na Organic catalytic aldehydes da intramolecular allyl maye gurbin palladium-catalyzed phenol.

▲ Electron microscopy na shayi fermentation tsari

04

Nazarin aikace-aikacen Teadenol

Saboda mahimman ayyukan ilimin halitta, an yi amfani da Teadenol a cikin magunguna, abinci da abinci, kayan kwalliya, abubuwan ganowa da sauran filayen.

Akwai samfuran da ke da alaƙa da ke ɗauke da Teadenol a cikin filin abinci, irin su Jafananci Slimming Tea da fermented shayi polyphenols. Bugu da kari, Yanagida et al. ya tabbatar da cewa za a iya amfani da ruwan shayin da ke dauke da Teadenol A da Teadenol B wajen sarrafa abinci, kayan kamshi, kariyar lafiya, abincin dabbobi da kayan kwalliya. ITO et al. an shirya wani wakili na fata wanda ke dauke da Teadenols tare da tasiri mai karfi mai launin fata, hanawa mai ban sha'awa da kuma tasirin maganin alawus. Har ila yau, yana da tasirin maganin kuraje, damshi, haɓaka aikin shinge, hana kumburin da ke haifar da uV da ciwon kumburi.

A kasar Sin, ana kiran Teadenol fu shayi. Masu bincike sun gudanar da bincike da yawa kan tsantsar shayi ko sinadarai masu dauke da fu tea A da Fu tea B dangane da rage yawan lipids na jini, rage kiba, sukarin jini, hauhawar jini da tausasa tasoshin jini. Babban shayin Fu mai tsafta mai tsafta kuma Zhao Ming et al. Ana iya amfani dashi don shirye-shiryen magungunan antilipid. He Zhihong et al. yi capsules shayi, allunan ko granules dauke da anhua duhu shayi na Fu A da Fu B, gynostema pentaphylla, Rhizoma orientalis, ophiopogon da sauran magunguna da abinci homology kayayyakin, wanda yana da bayyananne da dindindin sakamako a kan nauyi asara da lipid rage ga kowane irin kiba. mutane. Tan Xiao 'ao ya shirya shayin fuzhuan tare da fuzhuan A da Fuzhuan B, wanda ke da sauƙin sha a jikin ɗan adam kuma yana da tasirin gaske akan rage hauhawar jini, hyperglycemia, hauhawar jini da laushin jijiyoyin jini.

05

“Harshe

Teadenols sune abubuwan haɓakar b-ring fission catechin waɗanda ke cikin shayi mai ƙyalƙyali, wanda za'a iya samu daga canjin ƙwayoyin cuta na epigallocatechin gallate ko kuma daga jimlar phloroglucinol. Nazarin ya nuna cewa Teadenol yana kunshe ne a cikin teas masu haifuwa na ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban. Kayayyakin sun hada da Aspergillus Niger tea fermented tea, Aspergillus oryzae fermented tea, Aspergillus oryzae tea fermented tea, Sachinella fermented tea, Kippukucha (Japan), Saryusoso (Japan), Yamabukinadeshiko (Japan), Suraribijin (Japan), Kuroyamecha (Japan), Gentok cha (Japan), Awa-Bancha (Japan), Goishi-cha (Japan), shayin Pu'er, shayin Liubao da shayin Fu Brick, amma abin da Teadenols ke cikin teas daban-daban ya bambanta sosai. Abubuwan da ke cikin Teadenol A da B sun kasance daga 0.01% zuwa 6.98% da 0.01% zuwa 0.54%, bi da bi. A lokaci guda, oolong, fari, kore da baki ba su ƙunshi waɗannan mahadi ba.

Dangane da bincike na yanzu, binciken kan Teadenol har yanzu yana da iyaka, wanda ya haɗa da tushen kawai, abun ciki, biosynthesis da jimillar hanyar haɗin gwiwa, da tsarin aikinta da haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen har yanzu yana buƙatar bincike mai yawa. Tare da ƙarin bincike, mahaɗan Teadenol za su sami ƙimar ci gaba mai girma da fa'idodin aikace-aikace.