M
9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) mai fama da haɗarin Carcinogenic, kuma yana faruwa a cikin shayi a duk duniya. Matsakaicin mafi girman hanyar (Mista) na AQ a cikin shayi da Tarayyar Turai (EU) shine 0.02 MG / kg. Hanyoyin da zasu iya yiwuwa na AQ a cikin sarrafa shayi da manyan matakan binciken da aka bincika na AQ da aka tantance da gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass specrometry (GC-Ms / MS / MS / MS). Idan aka kwatanta da wutar lantarki a matsayin tushen zafi a cikin koren shayi shayi, Aq sau 23 cikin yanayin zafi tare da sauƙin shayi tare da sauyuwa sau 4.02 MG / kg, yayin da matakin AQ a cikin muhallin da aka buga. An lura da wannan yanayin a cikin sarrafa shayi na oolong a ƙarƙashin zafi mai zafi. Matakan da ke tare da saduwa da kai tsaye tsakanin ganyen shayi da hayewa, kamar gyaran da bushewa, ana daukar su azaman manyan matakan samar da shayi. Matakan Aq ya karu tare da lokacin dawo da lokacin tashi, yana ba da shawarar cewa babban matakan shayi na iya kasancewa daga hancin da ke haifar da ɗaukacin. Samfurori na huu daga bita daban-daban tare da wutar lantarki ko mai da aka yi nazari, an jera su daga 50.0% -350% -35.0% -35.0% -35.0% -35.0% -35.0% -35.0% -35.0% -35.0% - Bugu da kari, matsakaicin Aq abun ciki na 0.064 MG / kg ya lura da samfurin shayi tare da wataƙila tushen ƙazamar shayi na yiwuwa a ba da gudummawa da mai.
Keywords: Mabywords: 9,10-Anthraquinone, yin shayi sarrafa, mai, tushen gurbatawa
Shigowa da
Tayi shayi daga ganyen everugreen shrub camul camul camul countllia Sinensis (L.) O. O. O. YADDA AKE YI, shine ɗayan mafi kyawun kayan marmari saboda kyawawan dandano da fa'idodin lafiyar sa. A shekarar 2020 a sarari, samar da shayi ya karu zuwa tan miliyan 5,972, wanda ya kasance mai sauƙin tattaunawa a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata [1]. Dangane da hanyoyi daban-daban na sarrafawa, akwai manyan nau'ikan shayi guda shida, ciki har da koren shayi, shayi baki, shayi mai duhu, farin shayi da shayi mai launin shuɗi [2,3]. Don tabbatar da inganci da amincin kayayyaki, yana da mahimmanci don saka idanu kan matakan ƙazanta kuma ayyana asalin.

Gano sansanin abubuwan gurbata, kamar su ragowar magunguna, karafa masu nauyi kamar hydrocarbons (PAHs), shine farkon matakin don sarrafa gurbatawa. Direct spraying na sinadarai na roba a cikin shayi na shayi, da kuma iska ta fashe ta hanyar aikin gidaje, sune asalin tushen magudi [4]. Haske masu nauyi na iya tarawa a cikin shayi kuma suna haifar da guba, waɗanda aka samo daga ƙasa, taki da sararin samaniya [5-7]. Amma ga sauran gurbataccen bayyana a cikin shayi, yana da wuya a gano saboda hadaddun hanyoyin samar da sarkar ciki har da shuka shuka har da dasa. Pahs da shayi ya fito daga ajiya na abin hawa da kuma konewa da aka yi amfani da shi yayin aiki na ganyen shayi, kamar su itacen wuta da karfin wuta [8-10].

A lokacin cirwood contioding, masu zubar kamar carbon oxides an kafa [11]. A sakamakon haka, yana da saukin kamuwa ga ragowar wadannan abubuwan da aka ambata na sama-sama don faruwa a cikin samfuran da aka sarrafa, a babban zazzabi, yana nuna barazanar lafiyar ɗan adam [12,13]. Pahs ya haifar da konewa daga Volatilization na Pahs wanda ke cikin mai da kanta, da babban-zazzabi bazuwar mahimmin mahaɗan da ke tsakanin radicals [14]. Haɗaɗɗiya zazzabi, lokaci, da abun ciki na oxygen sune abubuwan oxygen abubuwa waɗanda ke shafar juyar da Pahs. Tare da karuwa na zazzabi, abun ciki na farko ya karu sannan ya ragu, da kuma darajar ƙwarewar da ya faru a 800 ° C; Abubuwan da Pahs ya ragu sosai don gano lokacin da ake kira da iskar ohahs a cikin iska, amma rashin daidaituwa zai samar da opah da sauran abubuwan maye. [15-17].

9,10-Anthraquinone (AQ, CAS: 84-65-1, siffa 1), wani yanki mai dauke da iskar oxygen na Pahs [18], ya kunshi czanin ciki uku. An jera shi azaman mai yiwuwa carcinogen (rukuni na 2B) da hukumar ta duniya don bincike kan cutar kansa a shekara ta 2014 [19]. Aq na iya guba don outiisomasrase hadaddun II da kuma hana hydrolysisphate (ATP) da DNA TOPOISORAGASKIYA, CIKIN SAUKI CIKIN AQER-DAKARA [20]. A matsayin mummunan sakamako game da lafiyar ɗan adam, AQ mafi yawan tsawan tsallakewa (MRL) na 0.02 MG / kg aka saita shi cikin shayi ta Tarayyar Turai. Dangane da karatun da muka gabata, an ba da izinin adibas a matsayin babban tushen lokacin shayi shuka [21]. Hakanan, dangane da gwaji a kan kore a kore da baƙar fata shayi, a bayyane yake cewa matakin Aq ya canza shi a matsayin ɗayan manyan dalilai [22]. Koyaya, asalin asalin AQ a cikin sarrafa shayi ya kasance mai yiwuwa ne, an nuna cewa yana da matukar muhimmanci a warware yanayin AQ da ya shafi matakin AQ.

Hoto 1. Tsarin sunadarai na AQ.

Ganin binciken akan samuwar AQ yayin kariyar mai da kuma yiwuwar yin amfani da tushen aiki a kan AQS daban-daban a cikin Tea cikin Tea, wanda ya taimaka wajan tabbatar da ingantaccen asalinsu a matakai daban-daban a cikin sarrafa shayi.

Sakamako
Ingancin Hanyar
Idan aka kwatanta da karatun da muka gabata [21], an hada tsarin hakar ruwa mai ruwa-ruwa kafin allura zuwa GC-Ms / ms domin inganta bayanan kayan aiki. A cikin Fig 2B, hanyar inganta ta nuna babban cigaba a tsarkakewar samfurin, da maxvent ya zama mai sauki a launi. A cikin Fig 2a, cikakken bakan gizo (50-350 m / z) yana da alama cewa bayan tsabtace ƙwayar cuta an cire shi a sarari kuma an cire wannan babban adadin abubuwan haɗin kai bayan hakar ruwa-ruwa.

Hoto na 2. (A) Full bashin scan na samfurin kafin da bayan tsarkakewar. (b) sakamakon da aka tsarkake shi.
Ingancin Hanyar, gami da layi, maida, ƙididdigar matrix (maya), da aka nuna don samun layin 0.2 zuwa 8 μg / m3.

Aka kimanta murmurewa a taro uku na spiked tsakanin matakai da ainihin maida hankali a cikin busasshiyar shayi (0,55, 1..05 MG / kg) da samfurin iska (0.5, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5). Sake dawo da AQ cikin shayi ya kasance daga 77.78% zuwa 115.02% a cikin bushe shayi kuma daga 96.50% a cikin shayi harbe, tare da RSD% sama da 15%. Aka dawo da AQ a cikin samfuran iska da aka fara daga 78.47% zuwa 117.06% tare da RSD% a ƙasa 20%. An gano mafi ƙasƙantar da tushen spiked a matsayin LoQ, wanda MG / kg, 0.005 MG / KG da samfuran shayi, bi da shayi da iska, bi da bi. Kamar yadda aka jera a cikin Table 1, matrix na bushe shayi da harbe harbe dan kadan kara amsa AQ 109.0% da 110.9%. Amma ga matrix na iska, ni ya kasance 196.1%.

Matakan Aq yayin sarrafa shayi na kore
Tare da manufar gano sakamakon tasirin zafi daban-daban akan shayi da sarrafa sabo, ganye sabo ne daban a cikin kasuwancin aiki. An kawo rukuni ɗaya da wutar lantarki, ɗayan kuma tare da mai.

Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa 3, matakin AQ tare da wutar lantarki kamar yadda asalin zafi ya tashi daga 0.008 zuwa 0.013 MG / kg. A lokacin tsarin gyara, parching na shayi na ganyen lalacewa ta hanyar sarrafawa a cikin tukunya tare da karuwa 9.5% a cikin AQ. Bayan haka, matakin AQ ya kasance yayin tsari na mirgina duk da asarar ruwan 'ya'yan itace, yana nuna cewa tafiyar ta jiki bazai iya shafar matakin AQ ba a cikin sarrafa shayi. Bayan matakan bushewa na farko, matakin AQ ya karu dan kadan daga 0.010 zuwa 0.012 MG / kg, sannan ya ci gaba da tashi zuwa 0.013 MG / kg har zuwa karshen sake bushewa. PFS, wanda ya nuna bambancin a kowane mataki, sun kasance 1.10, 1.10, 1.24, 1.24, 1.24, 1.08, 1.0, 1.08, 1.08, 1.08, 1.08 a gyarawa, mirgina, bushewa da sake bushewa da sake bushewa, bi da bi. Sakamakon PFS ya ba da shawarar yin shawarar a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin lantarki yana da ɗan lokaci akan matakan AQ a cikin shayi.

Hoto na 3. Matsakaicin AQ yayin aiwatar da wutar lantarki da mai a matsayin kafofin zafi.
Game da mai a matsayin tushen zafi, abun ciki na AQ wanda ya karu yayin aiwatar da shayi, wanda ya dace daga 0.008 zuwa 0.038 MG / kg. 338.9% AQ an ƙara ƙaruwa a cikin tsarin gyara, a kai 0.037 MG / KG / kg, wanda yai ya wuce MrB na Tarayyar Turai daga cikin kungiyar Tarayyar Turai. A lokacin matakin mirgina, matakin AQ har yanzu ya karu da 5.8% duk da kasancewa nesa da injin gyarawa. A cikin bushewa da fari bushewa da sake bushewa, abun ciki AQ ya karu kadan ko ragewa kaɗan. The PFs using coal as the heat source in fixation, rolling first drying and re-drying were 4.39, 1.05, 0.93, and 1.05, respectively.

Don kara sanin dangantakar da ke tsakanin makircin haduwa da gurbatawa da aka yiwa wani abu kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin bita a karkashin bita da wutar lantarki 0.91 μg / m3.

Hoto 4. Matakan AQ a cikin muhalli tare da wutar lantarki da mai a matsayin tushen zafi. * Yana nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin matakan AQ a cikin samfuran (P <0.05).

Matakai na AQ a lokacin Oolong Tean shayi aiki, musamman da aka samar a Fujian da Taiwan, wani irin shayi ne mai ferminal. Don kara ƙayyade babban mahimman matakan ƙara matakin ƙara da sakamakon man fetur daban-daban, da gas sabo mai shayi kamar yadda ake so zafi, lokaci guda. Matakan AQ a cikin tsari na shayi na Oolong yana amfani da hanyoyin zafi iri daban-daban suna cikin siffa 0.005 MG / KOYI NA AQ.

Hoto na 5. Matsayin AQ a lokacin shayi shayi mai shayi tare da kayan gas-lantarki da kuma ruwan hoda da kuma tushen zafi.

Tare da mai a matsayin tushen zafi, matakan AQ a cikin matakai biyu na farko, suna watsewa da yin kore, sun kasance iri ɗaya iri ɗaya tare da haɗuwa da gas-lantarki. Koyaya, hanyoyin masu zuwa har gyare-gyare da aka nuna ya nuna bagin a hankali, wanda ke nuna matakin AQ da aka aika daga 0.004 zuwa 0.023 MG / MG / MG / kg. Mataki na cunkoso mataki ya ragu zuwa 0.018 MG / kg, wanda zai iya zama saboda asarar ruwan shayi da ke ɗauke da wasu daga cikin gurbataccen shayi da ke haifar da wasu daga cikin gurbataccen shayi. Bayan matakin mirgina, matakin a cikin busassun bushewa ya karu zuwa 0.027 MG / kg. A cikin witering, yin kore, gyarawa, cushe, cakuda, pfs ya kasance 2.81, 1.5, da 1.50, da kuma 1.50, da kuma 1.50, da kuma 1.50, bi da 1.50, da kuma 1.50, bi da 1.50, bi da 1.50, bi da 1.50, bi da 1.50, bi da 1.50.

Abin da ya faru na AQ a cikin kayan shayi tare da tushe daban-daban

Don sanin tasirin akan AQ ɗin shayi tare da wurare daban-daban, samfurori 40 na shayi kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hancin zuma, da kuma ƙira na 35,0% aka lura a cikin samfurori na kwal. Mafi yawan wutar lantarki, wutar lantarki tana da ƙananan tsallaka da haɓakar 56.4% da 7.7% bi da bi, tare da matsakaicin abun ciki na 0.020 MG / kg.

Shawarwari

Dangane da PFS yayin aiki tare da nau'ikan zafi guda biyu, ya bayyana sarai cewa gyarawa shine babban matakin da zai haifar da ƙarin tasiri akan abubuwan shayi a cikin shayi. A lokacin sarrafa shayi kore, ya samar da wadatar zuga a cikin tsayayyen tsarin shayi daga cikin shayi tare da shayi mai shayi nan da nan a cikin shayi mai shayi [25]. A dan kadan karuwa a cikin AQs a cikin matakin m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m medgested ba shi da wani matakin aiki bai shafi matakin AQ ba saboda aikin AQ. Hakanan ana amfani da gargajiya azaman tushen zafi a bushewa da farfadowa da sake bushewa, amma a cikin wadannan abubuwa guda biyu sun karu kadan ko ragewa kaɗan. Wannan na iya bayanin cewa gaskiyar cewa busasshen bushewa yana rike shayi daga hatsarin da ya haifar da hit son kai [26]. Don sanin tushen mai ɓarna, matakan AQ a cikin yanayin da aka bincika, sakamakon haifar da babban gibi tsakanin bita biyu. Babban dalilin wannan shi ne cewa makwafar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin gyara, da farko bushewa da fara bushewa za ta haifar da AQ yayin aiwatarwa. An ba da waɗannan AQ nan a cikin kananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta bayan haddama da kuma watsawa a cikin iska, yana ɗaukan matakan gurbata AQ a cikin yankin bitar [15]. A tsawon lokaci, saboda babbar takamaiman yanki da kuma damar yin shayi, waɗannan abubuwan ƙyalli, waɗannan abubuwan ƙyalƙyali sannan suka zauna a saman ganyayyaki na shayi, wanda ya haifar da karuwar AQ. Saboda haka, ana tunanin hawan tsuntsiya zai zama babban hanyar da zai haifar da yawan gurbataccen AQ a cikin sarrafa shayi, tare da zama tushen gurbatawa.

Amma ga Oolong Siyarwa, AQ an ƙara haɓaka aiki tare da tushe mai zafi, amma bambanci tsakanin tushen zafi biyu yana da mahimmanci. Sakamakon ya kuma ya ba da shawarar coar a matsayin wata babbar hanyar zafi ta taka rawa wajen kara da gurbataccen AQ game da kara a kan pfong shayi dangane da pfong shayi dangane da pfong shayi dangane da pfong shayi dangane da pfong shayi dangane da pfong shayi dangane da pfong shayi dangane da pfong shayi dangane da pfong shayi dangane da pfong shayi dangane da pfong shayi dangane da pfong shayi dangane da pfong shayi dangane da PFs. A lokacin sarrafa shayi na oolong tare da iskar lantarki a matsayin tushen zafi, irin wannan matakin shayi da wutar lantarki, kamar iskar shayi da wutar lantarki, kamar iskar shayi da wutar lantarki, kamar iskar gas, kamar wutar lantarki, kamar iskar shayi da wutar lantarki, irin wannan haɗarin wutar lantarki, kamar iskar lantarki, kamar wutar lantarki, kamar wutar lantarki, kamar wutar lantarki, ana iya rage haɗarin samar da gurbata AQ.

Game da gwaje-gwajen samfurin, sakamakon sakamakon ya nuna cewa yanayin Aq ya fi muni yayin da ake amfani da hawan wuta, wanda zai iya zama saboda wutar shayi da sinadarai a kusa da wurin aiki. Koyaya, duk da cewa a bayyane yake cewa a bayyane yake cewa mafi kyawun zafi mai zafi yayin sarrafa shayi ta amfani da samfuran shayi ta amfani da tushen zafi. Halin da ake ciki da yawa da aka buga a baya wanda aka buga a baya wanda aka dauki nauyin 2- 3], dalilai na wannan za a bincika a nan gaba.

Ƙarshe

A cikin wannan aikin, za a tabbatar da hanyoyin shakatawa na gurbata a cikin kore da na Oolong ne da gwaje-gwajen kwatankwacinsu dangane da ingantattun hanyoyin GC-Ms / MS. Fahimtarmu kai tsaye da aka goyi bayan cewa babban tushen manyan matakan AQ ya kasance fume wanda ya haifar da ɗaukar matakan aiki, wanda ba kawai ya shafa da mahimman aikin bita ba. Ba kamar a cikin mirgine matakai ba, inda canje-canje a matakin AQ sun kasance ba su da tushe, kamar gyararru ne wanda gurbataccen AQ da aka samu sakamakon waɗannan matakai. Saboda haka, tsabtace mai kamar gas da wutar lantarki aka bada shawarar azaman tushen zafi a cikin sarrafa shayi. Bugu da ƙari, sakamakon gwaji ya nuna cewa idan babu wasu abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa don ganowa, wanda ya kamata a ci gaba da bincike a cikin bincike mai tsabta.

KAYA DA MATAKAI

Reagents, sunadarai da kayan

An sayi babban misali (99.0%) daga kamfanin Dr. Ehrenstrefer Gmbuh Kamfanin Dr. AURSSBREDER, Jamus). D8-Anthraquinone na ciki (98.6%) aka siya daga C / D / n isotopes (Quebec, Kanada). Anshydrous sodium sulfate (na2so4) da magnesium sulfate (mgso4) (Shanghai, China). An kawo Florisil kamfanin sinadan Kamfanin Kamfanin Kamfanin Senzhou wanda ya mallaki kamfanin sinadarai (Wenzhou, China). An sayi takarda na Bibrog da Glast (90 mm) daga kamfanin AHLSTRRomI-Munksjö daga kamfanin (Helsinki, Finland).

Samfura Samfura

An sarrafa samfuran shayi na kore, mirgina, bushewa da farko da sake bushewa), greenation da bushewa. An tattara samfurori daga kowane mataki sau uku a 100g bayan haɗawa sosai. Duk samfurori an adana su a -20 ° C don ƙarin bincike.

An tattara samfurori na iska ta takarda fiber na gilashin (PTS-100, Qingdao Laohan Villronic Kayan aiki, Qingdao, China) [27], China) [27], yana da 4 h.

An samo samfurori masu kitse tare da AQ a 0.005 MG / KG, 0.050 MG / KG (0.50 MG / kg (0,050 MG / kg μg / M3 don sy iska mai iska), 0.072 MG / kg (3.0 μg / M3 don samfurin iska) don takarda tace, bi da bi. Bayan girgiza sosai, an bar samfurori don 12 h, an bi ta hanyar hakar da kuma matakan tsabtatawa.

An samo danshi na danshi ta hanyar ɗaukar 20 g na samfurin bayan hadawa kowane mataki, sai a yi la'akari da maimaita darajar da kuma ɗaukar ta da nauyi kafin dumama.

Yankakken samfuri da tsabtatawa

Samfurin shayi: hakar da tsarkakewa a samfuran shayi an yi shi ne bisa hanyar da aka buga daga Wang et al. tare da karuwa da yawa [21]. A takaice, 1.5 g na shayi na shayi an fara hade da ruwa 30 μL D8-AQ (2 MG / kg) da hagu da hagu da hagu da hagu da hagu don tsayawa don 30 min. 15 ml 20% Acetone a N-hexane da aka kara a cikin samfuran shayi da sonicated for 15 min. Sannan samfurori sun kasance suna karye tare da 1.0 g mgso44 don 30 s, da centrifughed na 5 min, da 7,000 rpm. Bayan da ake matsar da su zuwa 100 ml mai siffa pears-mai siffa pears, 10 na wani lokaci na babba na sama ya ragu ga kusan bushewa a cikin m 37 ° C. 5 ML 2.5% Acetone a N-Hexane ya sake narkar da cirewa a cikin hasken lu'u-lu'u don tsarkakewa. Shafin gilashin (10 cm × 0.8 cm) ya kunshi daga ƙasa zuwa saman ulu da kuma florisil 2g, wanda ya kasance tsakanin yadudduka biyu na 2 cm na2so4. Sannan 5 ml na 2.5% Acetone a N-Hexane ya ambaci shafi. Bayan saukar da maganin sake fasalin, AQ an buga shi sau uku tare da 5 ml, 10 ml, 10 ml na 2.5% acetone a N-hexane a N-Hexane. An haɗu da haɗuwa da eluates zuwa pearlks masu kama-lokaci kuma an fitar da shi kusan bushewa a ƙarƙashin injin 37 ° C. Saurredar da aka bushe sannan aka sake shi tare da 1 ml na acetone a cikin Hexane ta biye ta hanyar tacewa ta 0.22 μm pore tace tace tace 0.22. Sannan mai warware matsalar an haɗe shi da acetonitrile a matsayin ƙara na 1: 1. Bayan an yi amfani da matakin girgiza, an yi amfani da subnant don bincike na GC-MS / MS.

Sample Air: rabin takarda naber, sun bushe tare da 18 μL D8-ACTone a cikin N-Hexane, to sonicated for 15 min. Tsarin ɗan adam ya rabu da centrifugation a kilo 11,000 na rpm na min 5 min kuma an cire duka babba na babba. Dukkanin matattarar kwayoyin halitta sun bushe zuwa kusan bushewa a ƙarƙashin wuri a cikin 37 ° C. 5 ml na 2.5% Acetone a Hexane redissved da ruwan hoda don tsarkakewa a hanya kamar yadda a cikin samfuran shayi.

GC-MS / MS nazarin

Varian gas 450 gas chromatogrogrogrogrogrograck ne tare da bambance-bambancen gargajiya 300 Tandem Creek, CA, Software na AQS Workation 6.9.3 software. Vassian factor hudu charpillary vf-5ms (30ms (30 m × 0.25 mm) an yi amfani da rabuwa da chromatogra. Gaske gas, Helium (> 99.999%), an saita shi a kullun na ml / ml / min tare da gas na Argon (> 99.999%). Zazzabi da tanda ya fara daga 80 ° C kuma an gudanar da shi 1 min; Yawan 15 ° C / min zuwa 240 ° C, sa'an nan ° C a 20 ° C / Min da kuma riƙe shi 5min. A zazzabi na ion tushe ya kasance 210 ° C, da kuma zazzabi canja wuri na 280 ° C. Yawan allura ya kasance 1.0 μL. An nuna yanayin Mrm a cikin Table 3.

Agilent 8890 gas chromatogrography tare da agilent 7000 sau uku quadru, an yi amfani da shi don bincika tasirin tasirin tare da Masshunter Version. Agilent J & W hp-5s GC shafi na W hp-5s (30 m × 0.2 5 m × 0.25 mm) an yi amfani da rabuwa da chromatographic. Gashin gas, Helium (> 99.999%), an saita shi a akai-akai na adadin rarar nitrogen (> 99.999%). Zazzabi na Ei Ion an daidaita shi a 280 ° C, iri ɗaya ne da zazzage layin zafin rana. Zazzabi da tanda ya fara daga 80 ° C kuma an gudanar da shi na 5 min; Daga 15 ° C / min zuwa 240 ° C, sa'an nan kuma ya kai 280 ° C A a 25 ° C / min da kuma kiyaye na 5 min. An nuna yanayin Mrm a cikin Table 3.

Bincike na ilimin lissafi
Aq abun ciki a cikin sabo ganye an gyara shi ga bushe abun abun ciki ta hanyar rarrabuwa ta hanyar danshi abun ciki don kwatanta da kuma bincika matakan Aq yayin aiki.

Canje-canje na AQ a cikin samfuran shayi an kimanta su da kayan aikin Microsoft Software da IBM Sps Statistic 20.

An yi amfani da factor sarrafa don bayyana canje-canje a AQ yayin sarrafa shayi. PF = rf / rf, inda RF shine matakin AQ kafin matakin sarrafawa da RL shine matakin AQ bayan aiki. PF yana nuna raguwa (PF <1) ko karuwa (PF> 1) a cikin wani matakin aiki a lokacin aiki.

Ni yana nuna raguwa (ni <1) ko karuwa (ni> 1) saboda mayar da martani na nazarin, wanda ya dogara ne da rabo daga cikin matrix da sauran ƙarfi kamar haka:

Ni = (sloopematrix / Slopevitrix / 1) × 100%

Inda Slopematrix shine gangara na calve calve a cikin matrix-matched sauran, slopsocient shine gangara shine gangara na calvistion chevent.

Yarda
Babban aikin kimiyya da fasaha ya tallafa wa wannan aikin a lardin Zhejiang (2015c12001) da kuma tushen Kimiyya na Kimiyya na China (42007354).
Rikicewar sha'awa
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Hakkoki da izini
Hakkin mallaka: © 2022 ta marubucin (s). Tsara lasisi na lasisi na Musamman, Fayetteville, Ga. Wannan labarin wani labarin ne mai buɗe wanda aka rarraba a ƙarƙashin lasisin Kayayyakin Corative (CC ta 40), ziyarci https://creativactcomons.ory/4.0/.
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Game da wannan labarin
Buga wannan labarin
Yu J, Zhou L, Wang X, Yang m, Sun H, et al. 2022. 9,10-Anthraquinone a cikin sarrafa shayi ta amfani da mai kamar tushen zafi. Binciken Shuka na Abinci na 2: 8 Doi: 10.48130 / BPR-2022-0008